Vera Lucia Paiocchi

TL;DR: The aim of this review is to provide a better understanding of the peculiar aspects of MA as they are revealed through these imaging techniques and discuss clinical implications related to this complex structure.

TL;DR: The anatomy of TV and surrounding structures as revealed by computed tomography, cardiac magnetic resonance, 2D/3D transthoracic echocardiography, and 2D-3D transoesophageal echOCardiography is described emphasizing strengths and weaknesses of each of these imaging tools.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors review the pertinent normal anatomy of the mitral valve and propose new hypotheses on the morphological nature of mitral annular disjunction (MAD), an abnormal insertion of the hinge line of the posterior mitral leaflet on the atrial wall.

TL;DR: A novel hybrid imaging modality where echocardiography is merged with fluoroscopy, may in the future further improve guidance of this and other complex percutaneous transcatheter interventions.

TL;DR: The role of noninvasive imaging techniques, in particular cardiac magnetic resonance, two‐ and three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography, and computed tomography in visualizing specific aspects of the normal IAS and AV junction are emphasized.