Vipin Kumar

TL;DR: A comparison between these two processes demonstrated that biosorption is a better heavy metal removal process than bioaccumulation.

TL;DR: Prepared biochar based bioformulation using Burkholderia sp.

Abstract: Temperature dependent diffuse reflectance spectroscopy measurements were carried out on polycrystalline samples of BaTiO3 across the tetragonal to cubic structural phase transition temperature (TP). The values of various optical parameters such as band gap (Eg), Urbach energy (Eu), and Urbach focus (E0) were estimated in the temperature range of 300 K to 480 K. It was observed that with increasing temperature, Eg decreases and shows a sharp anomaly at TP. First principle studies were employed in order to understand the observed change in Eg due to the structural phase transition. Near TP, there exist two values of E0, suggesting the presence of electronic heterogeneity. Further, near TP, Eu shows metastability, i.e., the value of Eu at temperature T is not constant but is a function of time (t). Interestingly, it is observed that the ratio of Eu (t=0)/Eu (t = tm), almost remains constant at 300 K (pure tetragonal phase) and at 450 K (pure cubic phase), whereas this ratio decreases close to the transition temperature, which confirms the presence of electronic metastability in the pure BaTiO3. The time dependence of Eu, which also shows an influence of the observed metastability can be fitted with the stretched exponential function, suggesting the presence of a dynamic heterogeneous electronic disorder in the sample across TP. First principle studies suggest that the observed phase coexistence may be due to a very small difference between the total cohesive energy of the tetragonal and the cubic structure of BaTiO3. The present work implies that the optical studies may be a sensitive probe of disorder/heterogeneity in the sample.

TL;DR: Role of NO and ROS crosstalk in the regulation of formation of new adventitious roots (NARs) and primary root biomass accumulation (PRBA) has been investigated in rice seedlings under arsenate (AsV) stress and indicates that ROS are also essential for formation of NARs.

TL;DR: In this article, a new approach has been proposed for indexing heavy metal pollution in groundwater based on highest desirable and maximum permissible concentrations, which aims to address various shortcomings of the existing indexing systems.