Author
Vivek Venkataraman
Other affiliations: Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Indian Institutes of Technology, Cornell University
Bio: Vivek Venkataraman is an academic researcher from Harvard University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Photonic crystal & Four-wave mixing. The author has an hindex of 22, co-authored 51 publications receiving 1948 citations. Previous affiliations of Vivek Venkataraman include Indian Institute of Technology Delhi & Indian Institutes of Technology.
Topics: Photonic crystal, Four-wave mixing, Photonics, Diamond, Photon
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: In this article, an optical parametric oscillator in the telecom wavelength range is realized in a diamond system consisting of a ring resonator coupled to a diamond waveguide, and threshold powers as low as 20mW are measured and up to 20 new wavelengths are generated from a single-frequency pump laser.
Abstract: An optical parametric oscillator in the telecom wavelength range is realized in a diamond system consisting of a ring resonator coupled to a diamond waveguide. Threshold powers as low as 20 mW are measured and up to 20 new wavelengths are generated from a single-frequency pump laser. Despite progress towards integrated diamond photonics1,2,3,4, studies of optical nonlinearities in diamond have been limited to Raman scattering in bulk samples5. Diamond nonlinear photonics, however, could enable efficient, in situ frequency conversion of single photons emitted by diamond's colour centres6,7, as well as stable and high-power frequency microcombs8 operating at new wavelengths. Both of these applications depend crucially on efficient four-wave mixing processes enabled by diamond's third-order nonlinearity. Here, we have realized a diamond nonlinear photonics platform by demonstrating optical parametric oscillation via four-wave mixing using single-crystal ultrahigh-quality-factor (1 × 106) diamond ring resonators operating at telecom wavelengths. Threshold powers as low as 20 mW are measured, and up to 20 new wavelengths are generated from a single-frequency pump laser. We also report the first measurement of the nonlinear refractive index due to the third-order nonlinearity in diamond at telecom wavelengths.
312 citations
TL;DR: Lithium Niobate microdisk resonators that feature optical quality factor ~10(5) are demonstrated using robust and scalable fabrication techniques, that operate over a wide wavelength range spanning visible and near infrared.
Abstract: Lithium Niobate (LN) is an important nonlinear optical material. Here we demonstrate LN microdisk resonators that feature optical quality factor ~105, realized using robust and scalable fabrication techniques, that operate over a wide wavelength range spanning visible and near infrared. Using our resonators, and leveraging LN’s large second order optical nonlinearity, we demonstrate on-chip second harmonic generation with a conversion efficiency of 0.109 W−1.
242 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate large cross-phase shifts of 0.3 mrad per photon in a single pass through room-temperature Rb atoms confined to a hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber.
Abstract: Researchers demonstrate large cross-phase shifts of 0.3 mrad per photon in a single pass through room-temperature Rb atoms confined to a hollow-core photonic bandgap fibre. The response time of less than 5 ns indicates that phase modulation bandwidths greater than 50 MHz are possible with a highly sensitive atomic-vapour-based scheme.
184 citations
TL;DR: In this article, phase-matched second harmonic generation in thin-film lithium niobate waveguides with sub-micron dimensions has been demonstrated and experimentally demonstrated with low-loss (~3.0 dB/cm) nanowaveguides.
Abstract: Integrated thin-film lithium niobate platform has recently emerged as a promising candidate for next-generation, high-efficiency wavelength conversion systems that allow dense packaging and mass-production. Here we demonstrate efficient, phase-matched second harmonic generation in lithographically-defined thin-film lithium niobate waveguides with sub-micron dimensions. Both modal phase matching in fixed-width waveguides and quasi-phase matching in periodically grooved waveguides are theoretically proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Our low-loss (~3.0 dB/cm) nanowaveguides possess normalized conversion efficiencies as high as 41% W-1cm-2.
135 citations
TL;DR: Efficient, phase-matched second harmonic generation in lithographically-defined thin-film lithium niobate waveguides with sub-micron dimensions is demonstrated in a next-generation wavelength conversion system.
Abstract: Integrated thin-film lithium niobate platform has recently emerged as a promising candidate for next-generation, high-efficiency wavelength conversion systems that allow dense packaging and mass-production. Here we demonstrate efficient, phase-matched second harmonic generation in lithographically-defined thin-film lithium niobate waveguides with sub-micron dimensions. Both modal phase matching in fixed-width waveguides and quasi-phase matching in periodically grooved waveguides are theoretically proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Our low-loss (~ 3.0 dB/cm) nanowaveguides possess normalized conversion efficiencies as high as 41% W-1cm-2.
134 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a review of recent theoretical and experimental advances in the fundamental understanding and active control of quantum fluids of light in nonlinear optical systems is presented, from the superfluid flow around a defect at low speeds to the appearance of a Mach-Cherenkov cone in a supersonic flow, to the hydrodynamic formation of topological excitations such as quantized vortices and dark solitons at the surface of large impenetrable obstacles.
Abstract: This article reviews recent theoretical and experimental advances in the fundamental understanding and active control of quantum fluids of light in nonlinear optical systems. In the presence of effective photon-photon interactions induced by the optical nonlinearity of the medium, a many-photon system can behave collectively as a quantum fluid with a number of novel features stemming from its intrinsically nonequilibrium nature. A rich variety of recently observed photon hydrodynamical effects is presented, from the superfluid flow around a defect at low speeds, to the appearance of a Mach-Cherenkov cone in a supersonic flow, to the hydrodynamic formation of topological excitations such as quantized vortices and dark solitons at the surface of large impenetrable obstacles. While the review is mostly focused on a specific class of semiconductor systems that have been extensively studied in recent years (planar semiconductor microcavities in the strong light-matter coupling regime having cavity polaritons as elementary excitations), the very concept of quantum fluids of light applies to a broad spectrum of systems, ranging from bulk nonlinear crystals, to atomic clouds embedded in optical fibers and cavities, to photonic crystal cavities, to superconducting quantum circuits based on Josephson junctions. The conclusive part of the article is devoted to a review of the future perspectives in the direction of strongly correlated photon gases and of artificial gauge fields for photons. In particular, several mechanisms to obtain efficient photon blockade are presented, together with their application to the generation of novel quantum phases.
1,469 citations
TL;DR: The physical principles that allow for magnetic field detection with NV centres are presented and first applications of NV magnetometers that have been demonstrated in the context of nano magnetism, mesoscopic physics and the life sciences are discussed.
Abstract: The isolated electronic spin system of the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centre in diamond offers unique possibilities to be employed as a nanoscale sensor for detection and imaging of weak magnetic fields. Magnetic imaging with nanometric resolution and field detection capabilities in the nanotesla range are enabled by the atomic-size and exceptionally long spin-coherence times of this naturally occurring defect. The exciting perspectives that ensue from these characteristics have triggered vivid experimental activities in the emerging field of 'NV magnetometry'. It is the purpose of this article to review the recent progress in high-sensitivity nanoscale NV magnetometry, generate an overview of the most pertinent results of the last years and highlight perspectives for future developments. We will present the physical principles that allow for magnetic field detection with NV centres and discuss first applications of NV magnetometers that have been demonstrated in the context of nano magnetism, mesoscopic physics and the life sciences.
1,033 citations
TL;DR: The development of microresonator-generated frequency combs is reviewed to map out how understanding and control of their generation is providing a new basis for precision technology and establish a nascent research field at the interface of soliton physics, frequency metrology, and integrated photonics.
Abstract: The development of compact, chip-scale optical frequency comb sources (microcombs) based on parametric frequency conversion in microresonators has seen applications in terabit optical coherent communications, atomic clocks, ultrafast distance measurements, dual-comb spectroscopy, and the calibration of astophysical spectrometers and have enabled the creation of photonic-chip integrated frequency synthesizers. Underlying these recent advances has been the observation of temporal dissipative Kerr solitons in microresonators, which represent self-enforcing, stationary, and localized solutions of a damped, driven, and detuned nonlinear Schrodinger equation, which was first introduced to describe spatial self-organization phenomena. The generation of dissipative Kerr solitons provide a mechanism by which coherent optical combs with bandwidth exceeding one octave can be synthesized and have given rise to a host of phenomena, such as the Stokes soliton, soliton crystals, soliton switching, or dispersive waves. Soliton microcombs are compact, are compatible with wafer-scale processing, operate at low power, can operate with gigahertz to terahertz line spacing, and can enable the implementation of frequency combs in remote and mobile environments outside the laboratory environment, on Earth, airborne, or in outer space.
997 citations
TL;DR: In the past 20 years, impressive progress has been made both experimentally and theoretically in superconducting quantum circuits, which provide a platform for manipulating microwave photons as mentioned in this paper, and many higher-order effects, unusual and less familiar in traditional cavity quantum electrodynamics with natural atoms, have been experimentally observed.
909 citations
TL;DR: This work demonstrates a medium that is nonlinear at the level of individual quanta, exhibiting strong absorption of photon pairs while remaining transparent to single photons, paving the way for quantum-by-quantum control of light fields, including single-photon switching, all-optical deterministic quantum logic and the realization of strongly correlated many-body states of light.
Abstract: The realization of strong nonlinear interactions between individual light quanta (photons) is a long-standing goal in optical science and engineering being of both fundamental and technological significance. In conventional optical materials, the nonlinearity at light powers corresponding to single photons is negligibly weak. Here we demonstrate a medium that is nonlinear at the level of individual quanta, exhibiting strong absorption of photon pairs while remaining transparent to single photons. The quantum nonlinearity is obtained by coherently coupling slowly propagating photons to strongly interacting atomic Rydberg states in a cold, dense atomic gas. Our approach paves the way for quantum-by-quantum control of light fields, including single-photon switching, all-optical deterministic quantum logic and the realization of strongly correlated many-body states of light.
759 citations