DC–DC converters with voltage boost capability are widely used in a large number of power conversion applications, from fraction-of-volt to tens of thousands of volts at power levels from milliwatts to megawatts. The literature has reported on various voltage-boosting techniques, in which fundamental energy storing elements (inductors and capacitors) and/or transformers in conjunction with switch(es) and diode(s) are utilized in the circuit. These techniques include switched capacitor (charge pump), voltage multiplier, switched inductor/voltage lift, magnetic coupling, and multistage/-level, and each has its own merits and demerits depending on application, in terms of cost, complexity, power density, reliability, and efficiency. To meet the growing demand for such applications, new power converter topologies that use the above voltage-boosting techniques, as well as some active and passive components, are continuously being proposed. The permutations and combinations of the various voltage-boosting techniques with additional components in a circuit allow for numerous new topologies and configurations, which are often confusing and difficult to follow. Therefore, to present a clear picture on the general law and framework of the development of next-generation step-up dc–dc converters, this paper aims to comprehensively review and classify various step-up dc–dc converters based on their characteristics and voltage-boosting techniques. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of these voltage-boosting techniques and associated converters are discussed in detail. Finally, broad applications of dc–dc converters are presented and summarized with comparative study of different voltage-boosting techniques.

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Step-Up DC–DC Converters: A Comprehensive Review of Voltage-Boosting Techniques, Topologies, and Applications

This paper introduces a new family of PWM DC-DC nonisolated converters. The new converters are generated using three-state commutation cells, comprising two active switches, two diodes and coupled inductors. The main advantages over the classical converters are low conduction and commutation losses, and low input and output current ripple. Due to these features, the new converters are suitable for low voltage and high current applications. Theoretical analysis and experimentation results are presented.

Generation of a family of non-isolated DC-DC PWM converters using new three-state switching cells

This paper unifies the underlying concepts of all basic single-switch, two-state, dc-to-dc voltage-sourced converters, by duality, as generic related current and voltage-sourced converters By using ac and dc circuit theory, the three basic converters can be transformed to yield all known transfer functions and realizes a proliferation of 33 topologies, three being previously unidentified topologies with unique characteristics The circuit based systematic unifying approach offers new insight and an alternative interpretation to the origin of the 33 topologies including the Zeta, Cuk, ±Luo, CSC, Landsman, and Sepic converters Converter time-domain simulations and corresponding practical results of the three new topologies extol and culminate the concepts and analysis presented

Generation and Analysis of Canonical Switching Cell DC-to-DC Converters

Based on a short summary of the theoretical basics of the zero-ripple current phenomenon a special zero input current ripple boost converter topology as presented in the literature is investigated. It is shown that the complete suppression of the input current ripple of the system is only given in a theoretical extreme case. For a practical realization only such a ripple reduction of the input current of the basic converter structure is obtained as corresponds to a simple low-pass input filter. This is proven by a detailed analysis also for a zero-ripple Cuk and for a zero-ripple SEPIC converter structure. Furthermore, it is shown that the realization of a zero-ripple Cuk or zero-ripple SEPIC converter is not linked to a magnetic coupling of the input and output inductors, but can also be achieved by a simple rearrangement of the elements of the basic converter structures. There one can see that the operating behavior of a zero input current ripple SEPIC converter is equivalent to the operating behavior of a buck-boost converter stage with LC input filter. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the different realization approaches of zero-ripple topologies are compared. Also, an outlook towards the planned further treatment of the topic is given.

Novel aspects of an application of 'zero'-ripple techniques to basic converter topologies

In this paper, a particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based design of power stage components of a fourth-order dc–dc converters is presented. A low source current ripple fourth-order boost converter is analyzed and used the PSO algorithm for its energy storage elements design and optimization. Through time-domain analysis, state-space models are established, and then, discrete-time-domain transfer functions are formulated. The origin of an up–down glitch in the control-to-output transfer function and its implications on dynamics is addressed. A generalized optimization procedure, based on PSO, with a possibility to extend for other higher order topologies is proposed to resolve the contradictory issues of steady-state and dynamic performance requirements. A 12- to 28-V 30-W prototype converter is used to compare the steady-state and dynamic performance both in simulation and experiment. The distinct feature of low source current ripple of the converter and its PSO-based optimized design is experimentally demonstrated.

Optimized Power Stage Design of Low Source Current Ripple Fourth-Order Boost DC–DC Converter: A PSO Approach

The derivation, analysis and design of a coupled inductor boost converter is presented. Aspects of the qualitative ac behavior of coupled inductor converters are discussed. Considerations for the design of the magnetics for such converters is addressed.

W. J. Muldoon

Papers

Two-inductor boost and buck converters