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W. N. Haworth

Bio: W. N. Haworth is an academic researcher. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 1 publications receiving 3 citations.

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Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the cyclic acetals of the aldoses and aldosides employed in synthesis, in structural and conformational studies, for the characterization of products, and as model substances for other studies.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the cyclic acetals of the aldoses and aldosides employed in synthesis, in structural and conformational studies, for the characterization of products, and as model substances for other studies. Cyclic acetals from the common aldehydes and ketones are readily and economically prepared in good yields. The condensation of a carbonyl compound with a polyhydric alcohol, to form a cyclic acetal, proceeds readily under anhydrous conditions in the presence of a catalyst as concentrated sulfuric acid, hydrogen chloride, or anhydrous zinc chloride. The reaction involves the attack of the carbonium ion on the alcoholic oxygen atom. The aldehydes and ketones most commonly used are benzaldehyde, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, and acetone. The nature and yield of the product from a given sugar are the carbonyl compound, the solvent, the temperature, the duration of the reaction, and the catalyst. Acetal condensations are generally, and most conveniently, conducted at room temperature.

43 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Determination of the structure of the nucleic acids involved inter alia identification of the ring atom of the purines to which ribose or deoxyribose was attached and hence that were bonded to replaceable hydrogens.
Abstract: Summary Determination of the structure of the nucleic acids involved inter alia identification of the ring atom of the purines to which ribose or deoxyribose was attached. This in turn depended on knowledge of the ring atoms that could be so substituted and hence that were bonded to replaceable hydrogens. In 1897 E. Fischer adopted a convention of depicting this hydrogen at position 7 of the purine ring, although he was aware that it was equally correct to depict it at position 9. Many later workers apparently came to believe that the 7H structure was more than just a convention, and considered that the sugar was attached solely at position 7 and could not be attached to position 9. When evidence was presented in 1933 that the sugar was in fact attached to position 9, the force of this convention apparently was so strong that many were reluctant to accept this evidence. More than 20 years was required for complete acceptance of the new view, and Fischer's convention was still being used in other contexts ...

5 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Edmund Langley Hirst was born on 21 July 1898 in Preston, Lancashire, and he died in Edinburgh on 29 October 1975.
Abstract: Edmund Langley Hirst was born on 21 July 1898 in Preston, Lancashire, and he died in Edinburgh on 29 October 1975. He was the elder son of the Reverend Sim Hirst and Elizabeth Hirst nee Langley). His father’s family had been established in Clayton, near Bradford, Yorkshire for two or three generations. His grandfather and several uncles worked in the woollen mills while other uncles were well known as shopkeepers in Clayton. All this branch of the family were Nonconformists and strong supporters of the local Baptist church. Hirst’s mother was the daughter of Joseph and Mary Langley of Liverpool where Joseph was a flour-merchant and baker. She was born in 1869 and was educated privately, showing a flair for languages. She married Sim in 1897 and survived her husband for many years, dying in March 1955. Her family came from mixed Welsh and North Country stock and had farmed land near Shap for many years. They were all Church of England in religion and his mother retained her C. of E. allegiance although attending her husband´s church and acting fully as a minister’s wife. Hirst was always proud ot the fact that owing to tolerance and understanding on both sides, no hint of any difficulty over religious matters ever disturbed their marriage. Apart from a school teacher cousin, Hirst could not recall that any relatives had achieved academic distinction or prominence in public life. He was perhaps in consequence very proud of the achievements of his brother Sim.