Wanli Chang

Bio: Wanli Chang is an academic researcher from University of York. The author has contributed to research in topics: Cyber-physical system & Computer science. The author has an hindex of 13, co-authored 59 publications receiving 472 citations. Previous affiliations of Wanli Chang include Hunan University & Technische Universität München.

Automotive Cyber–Physical Systems: A Tutorial Introduction

Abstract: This tutorial gives an introduction to novices in CPS and particularly highlights the basics of control theory with respect to automotive applications. The authors furthermore describe the “semantic gap” between control models and their implementation and conclude that a new CPS-oriented design approach is required.

System architecture and software design for electric vehicles

Abstract: This paper gives an overview of the system architecture and software design challenges for Electric Vehicles (EVs). First, we introduce the EV-specific components and their control, considering the battery, electric motor, and electric powertrain. Moreover, technologies that will help to advance safety and energy efficiency of EVs such as drive-by-wire and information systems are discussed. Regarding the system architecture, we present challenges in the domain of communication and computation platforms. A paradigm shift towards time-triggered in-vehicle communication systems becomes inevitable for the sake of determinism, making the introduction of new bus systems and protocols necessary. At the same time, novel computational devices promise high processing power at low cost which will make a reduction in the number of Electronic Control Units (ECUs) possible. As a result, the software design has to be performed in a holistic manner, considering the controlled component while transparently abstracting the underlying hardware architecture. For this purpose, we show how middleware and verification techniques can help to reduce the design and test complexity. At the same time, with the growing connectivity of EVs, security has to become a major design objective, considering possible threats and a security-aware design as discussed in this paper.

Multi-Objective Co-Optimization of FlexRay-Based Distributed Control Systems

Abstract: Recently, research on control and architecture co- design has been drawing increasingly more attention. This is because these techniques integrate the design of the controllers and the architecture and explore the characteristics on both sides to achieve more efficient design of embedded control systems. However, there still exist several challenges like the large design space and inadequate trade-off opportunities for different objectives like control performance and resource utilization. In this paper, we propose a co-optimization approach for FlexRay-based distributed control systems, that synthesizes both the controllers and the task and communication schedules. This approach exploits some FlexRay protocol specific characteristics to reduce the complexity of the whole optimization problem. This is done by employing a customized control design and a nested two-layered optimization technique. Therefore, compared to existing methods, the proposed approach is more scalable. It also allows multi-objective optimization taking into account both the overall control performance and the bus resource utilization. This approach generates a Pareto front representing the trade-offs between these two, which allows the engineers to make suitable design choices.

Resource-aware Automotive Control Systems Design: A Cyber-Physical Systems Approach

Abstract: As the automotive industry is entering the smart era through advancesin sensing, computation, storage, communication, and actuation technologies,a larger number of more complex control applications withbetter performances are expected to be on board. This requires an implementationplatform with abundant resources, which is undesired inthe cost-sensitive automotive domain. The implementation platform,often embedded in an Electronic Control Unit ECU and shared bymultiple applications to save cost, is mainly comprised of a processorfor computation, memory for storing instructions and data, and busfor internal and external communication. Conventionally, automotivecontrol systems are designed using model-based approaches, where thedetails of the implementation platform are ignored. Techniques thatintegrate the characteristics of implementation resources into controlalgorithms design are largely missing. Such a separate design paradigmis too conservative in resources dimensioning and utilization for modernvehicles. This article presents recently developed approaches in automotivecontrol systems design that take implementation resources intoconsideration, aiming to improve the control performances for a givenamount of resources, or equivalently, realize the required control performanceswith fewer resources. While communication resources have beenextensively explored in the literature of networked embedded controlsystems, we will focus on memory and computation resources, whichhave started to receive attention from the academic community andindustry just recently. As Electric Vehicles EVs have become a newtrend in the automotive industry, energy resources of EVs, i.e., thebatteries, are also investigated. A number of real-world applicationsvalidate the resource-aware automotive systems design techniques presentedin this article.

Trustworthiness in Industrial IoT Systems Based on Artificial Intelligence

Abstract: The intelligent industrial environment developed with the support of the new generation network cyber-physical system (CPS) can realize the high concentration of information resources. In order to carry out the analysis and quantification for the reliability of CPS, an automatic online assessment method for the reliability of CPS is proposed in this article. It builds an evaluation framework based on the knowledge of machine learning, designs an online rank algorithm, and realizes the online analysis and assessment in real time. The preventive measures can be taken timely, and the system can operate normally and continuously. Its reliability has been greatly improved. Based on the credibility of the Internet and the Internet of Things, a typical CPS control model based on the spatiotemporal correlation detection model is analyzed to determine the comprehensive reliability model analysis strategy. Based on this, in this article, we propose a CPS trusted robust intelligent control strategy and a trusted intelligent prediction model. Through the simulation analysis, the influential factors of attack defense resources and the dynamic process of distributed cooperative control are obtained. CPS defenders in the distributed cooperative control mode can be guided and select the appropriate defense resource input according to the CPS attack and defense environment.

A Survey of Intrusion Detection for In-Vehicle Networks

Abstract: The development of the complexity and connectivity of modern automobiles has caused a massive rise in the security risks of in-vehicle networks (IVNs). Nevertheless, existing IVN designs (e.g., controller area network) lack cybersecurity consideration. Intrusion detection, an effective method for defending against cyberattacks on IVNs while providing functional safety and real-time communication guarantees, aims to address this issue. Therefore, the necessity of its research has risen. In this paper, an IVN environment is introduced, and the constraints and characteristics of an intrusion detection system (IDS) design for IVNs are presented. A survey of the proposed IDS designs for the IVNs is conducted, and the corresponding drawbacks are highlighted. Various optimization objectives are considered and comprehensively compared. Lastly, the trend, open issues, and emerging research directions are described.