Author
Weibo Luo
Other affiliations: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Chinese Academy of Sciences ...read more
Bio: Weibo Luo is an academic researcher from University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. The author has contributed to research in topics: Breast cancer & Hypoxia-inducible factors. The author has an hindex of 33, co-authored 59 publications receiving 5585 citations. Previous affiliations of Weibo Luo include Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine & Johns Hopkins University.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: It is shown that hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), a key metabolic sensor, regulates the balance between regulatory T cell (T(reg)) and T(H)17 differentiation, and that metabolic modulation could ameliorate certain T cell-based immune pathologies.
1,224 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the pyruvate kinase isoforms PKM1 and PKM2 are alternatively spliced products of the PKM 2 gene, and they are activated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1).
1,167 citations
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TL;DR: Exposure of human breast cancer cells to hypoxia augments MV shedding that is mediated by the HIF-dependent expression of the small GTPase RAB22A, which colocalizes with budding MVs at the cell surface.
Abstract: Extracellular vesicles such as exosomes and microvesicles (MVs) are shed by cancer cells, are detected in the plasma of cancer patients, and promote cancer progression, but the molecular mechanisms regulating their production are not well understood. Intratumoral hypoxia is common in advanced breast cancers and is associated with an increased risk of metastasis and patient mortality that is mediated in part by the activation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). In this paper, we report that exposure of human breast cancer cells to hypoxia augments MV shedding that is mediated by the HIF-dependent expression of the small GTPase RAB22A, which colocalizes with budding MVs at the cell surface. Incubation of naive breast cancer cells with MVs shed by hypoxic breast cancer cells promotes focal adhesion formation, invasion, and metastasis. In breast cancer patients, RAB22A mRNA overexpression in the primary tumor is associated with decreased overall and metastasis-free survival and, in an orthotopic mouse model, RAB22A knockdown impairs breast cancer metastasis.
388 citations
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TL;DR: Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) expression is increased and facilitates lactate production in cancer cells and represents an attractive target for cancer therapy.
Abstract: Increased conversion of glucose to lactate is a key feature of many cancer cells that promotes rapid growth. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) expression is increased and facilitates lactate production in cancer cells. Modulation of PKM2 catalytic activity also regulates the synthesis of DNA and lipids that are required for cell proliferation, and of NADPH that is required for redox homeostasis. In addition to its role as a pyruvate kinase, PKM2 also functions as a protein kinase and as a transcriptional coactivator. These biochemical activities are controlled by allosteric regulators and post-translational modifications of PKM2 that include acetylation, oxidation, phosphorylation, prolyl hydroxylation, and sumoylation. Given its pleiotropic effects on cancer biology, PKM2 represents an attractive target for cancer therapy.
287 citations
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Chinese Academy of Sciences1, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine2, Fudan University3, Johns Hopkins University4, Chang Gung University5, Anhui Medical University6, Virginia Tech7, Shanghai Jiao Tong University8, Pennsylvania State University9, University of Münster10, University of Pennsylvania11
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that stress signals elicited by proinflammatory cytokines and lipopolysaccharides lead to the degradation of Foxp3 through the action of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Stub1, thus providing a potential therapeutic target for the intervention against autoimmune disease, infection, and cancer.
246 citations
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TL;DR: Extracellular vesicles are now considered as an additional mechanism for intercellular communication, allowing cells to exchange proteins, lipids and genetic material.
Abstract: Extracellular vesicles are a heterogeneous group of cell-derived membranous structures comprising exosomes and microvesicles, which originate from the endosomal system or which are shed from the plasma membrane, respectively They are present in biological fluids and are involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes Extracellular vesicles are now considered as an additional mechanism for intercellular communication, allowing cells to exchange proteins, lipids and genetic material Knowledge of the cellular processes that govern extracellular vesicle biology is essential to shed light on the physiological and pathological functions of these vesicles as well as on clinical applications involving their use and/or analysis However, in this expanding field, much remains unknown regarding the origin, biogenesis, secretion, targeting and fate of these vesicles
4,241 citations
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TL;DR: Exosomes were described as vesicles of endosomal origin secreted from reticulocytes in the 1980s as discussed by the authors, and their biogenesis, their secretion, and their subsequent fate are discussed, as their functions rely on these important processes.
Abstract: In the 1980s, exosomes were described as vesicles of endosomal origin secreted from reticulocytes. Interest increased around these extracellular vesicles, as they appeared to participate in several cellular processes. Exosomes bear proteins, lipids, and RNAs, mediating intercellular communication between different cell types in the body, and thus affecting normal and pathological conditions. Only recently, scientists acknowledged the difficulty of separating exosomes from other types of extracellular vesicles, which precludes a clear attribution of a particular function to the different types of secreted vesicles. To shed light into this complex but expanding field of science, this review focuses on the definition of exosomes and other secreted extracellular vesicles. Their biogenesis, their secretion, and their subsequent fate are discussed, as their functions rely on these important processes.
3,959 citations
01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: The definition of exosomes and other secreted extracellular vesicles, which mediating intercellular communication between different cell types in the body, and thus affecting normal and pathological conditions are focused on.
Abstract: In the 1980s, exosomes were described as vesicles of endosomal origin secreted from reticulocytes. Interest increased around these extracellular vesicles, as they appeared to participate in several cellular processes. Exosomes bear proteins, lipids, and RNAs, mediating intercellular communication between different cell types in the body, and thus affecting normal and pathological conditions. Only recently, scientists acknowledged the difficulty of separating exosomes from other types of extracellular vesicles, which precludes a clear attribution of a particular function to the different types of secreted vesicles. To shed light into this complex but expanding field of science, this review focuses on the definition of exosomes and other secreted extracellular vesicles. Their biogenesis, their secretion, and their subsequent fate are discussed, as their functions rely on these important processes.
3,321 citations
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TL;DR: It is argued that altered metabolism has attained the status of a core hallmark of cancer.
2,623 citations
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TL;DR: The richness of the understanding of MYC is reviewed, highlighting new biological insights and opportunities for cancer therapies.
2,572 citations