Graphene-based materials in the form of fibres, fabrics, films, and composite materials are the most widely investigated research domains because of their remarkable physicochemical and thermomechanical properties. In this era of scientific advancement, graphene has built the foundation of a new horizon of possibilities and received tremendous research focus in several application areas such as aerospace, energy, transportation, healthcare, agriculture, wastewater management, and wearable technology. Although graphene has been found to provide exceptional results in every application field, a massive proportion of research is still underway to configure required parameters to ensure the best possible outcomes from graphene-based materials. Until now, several review articles have been published to summarise the excellence of graphene and its derivatives, which focused mainly on a single application area of graphene. However, no single review is found to comprehensively study most used fabrication processes of graphene-based materials including their diversified and potential application areas. To address this genuine gap and ensure wider support for the upcoming research and investigations of this excellent material, this review aims to provide a snapshot of most used fabrication methods of graphene-based materials in the form of pure and composite fibres, graphene-based composite materials conjugated with polymers, and fibres. This study also provides a clear perspective of large-scale production feasibility and application areas of graphene-based materials in all forms.

A Review on the Production Methods and Applications of Graphene-Based Materials.

Recent advances in application of the graphene-based membrane for water purification

Since its first successful isolation over a decade ago, academic and industrial interest has triggered the steady progress of the commercialization of graphene, as evidenced by a wealth of graphene-related patents, products, institutes, and startups. Among currently available graphene materials, graphene films derived from chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques, with fine controllability and uniformity, have been proven to be a promising candidate for various applications, with exciting demonstrations in electronics, optoelectronics, sensors, and filtering membrane. In this review, recent progress toward the commercialization of CVD films is summarized, covering the state-of-the-art methods for controllable synthesis, up-scale technologies for mass production, and demonstrations in potential commercial applications, which will propel the successful commercialization of graphene films by transforming the laboratory-scale advances. Moreover, a brief summary of the current market of CVD graphene films is provided with regarding to the commercial graphene products and production equipment. Finally, a perspective on the critical challenges and future direction of CVD graphene films will be presented.

Toward the commercialization of chemical vapor deposition graphene films

Recent Progress in the Transfer of Graphene Films and Nanostructures

The global climate crisis has cultivated the demand for sustainable energy resources as fossil derivative fuels are functional in catalyzing the rate of environmental breakdown. Sustainable energy solutions generate various renewable energy prospects capable of delivering efficient energy operations. Among these prospects, green H2 energy generated via overall water splitting is an effective approach towards sustainability ascribed to the higher gravimetric density and efficiency of H2 fuel. In this review, we sought to discuss the applicability and challenges of graphene-based derivatives in H2 evolution operations through photochemical, electrochemical and photoelectrochemical water-splitting pathways. The unique layered structure of graphene-based derivatives alongside marvelous optoelectronic and physicochemical properties ease out the thermodynamic uphill of water splitting better than their non-layered counterparts. In addition, the heterojunction formation in the graphene derivatives with visible light catalysts propels the kinetics of HER. Functionalized GO and rGO derivatives of graphene are riveting catalysts that have received extensive interest from researchers attributed to their accelerated chemical and mechanical stability, tunable band structure and larger surface area, providing more exposed active sites for HER. The surface organic functional groups of GO/rGO assist in establishing synergetic interfacial contact with other catalysts. Thus, these groups provide structural and chemical versatility to GO/rGO-based heterostructured catalysts, which effectively improve their physicochemical parameters that drive their catalytic performance towards HER. In order to develop a cost-effective and highly efficient catalytic system, graphene-based derivatives are promising heterostructured catalysts that exhibit a good relationship between catalytic efficiency and robustness.

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Graphene-Based Derivatives Heterostructured Catalytic Systems for Sustainable Hydrogen Energy via Overall Water Splitting

Owing to the fascinating properties of graphene, fulfilling the promising characteristics of graphene in applications has ignited enormous scientific and industrial interest. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of graphene on metal substrates provides tantalizing opportunities for the large-area synthesis of graphene in a controllable manner. However, the tedious transfer of graphene from metal substrates onto desired substrates remains inevitable, and cracks of graphene membrane, transfer-induced doping, wrinkles as well as surface contamination can be incurred during the transfer, which highly degrade the performance of graphene. Furthermore, new issues can arise when moving to large-scale transfer at an industrial scale, thus cost-efficient and environment-friendly transfer techniques also become imperative. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of transfer-related issues and the corresponding experimental solutions and to provide an outlook for future transfer techniques of CVD graphene films on an industrial scale.

Wentao Zou

Papers

Graphene Transfer: Paving the Road for Applications of Chemical Vapor Deposition Graphene