Author
Werner Israel
Other affiliations: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Alberta, University of Cambridge ...read more
Bio: Werner Israel is an academic researcher from Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. The author has contributed to research in topics: Black hole & Gravitational collapse. The author has an hindex of 36, co-authored 82 publications receiving 14301 citations. Previous affiliations of Werner Israel include Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies & University of Alberta.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: In this article, an approach to study the dynamics of thin shells of dust in general relativity is presented. But no mention of admissible or even any space-time co-ordinates is needed.
Abstract: An approach to shock waves, boundary surfaces and thin shells in general relativity is developed in which their histories are characterized in a purely geometrical way by the extrinsic curvatures of their imbeddings in space-time. There is some gain in simplicity and ease of application over previous treatments in that no mention of « admissible » or, indeed, any space-time co-ordinates is needed. The formalism is applied to a study of the dynamics of thin shells of dust.
2,347 citations
01 Mar 2010
TL;DR: In this paper, Weinberg et al. present a survey of the history of the field of quantum physics and its application to the theory of the Kerr metric and its peturbations.
Abstract: List of contributors Preface 1. An introductory survey S. W. Hawking and W. Israel 2. The confrontation between gravitation theory and experiment C. M. Will 3. Gravitational-radiation experiments D. H. Douglass and V. B. Braginsky 4. The initial value problem and the dynamical formulation of general relativity A. E. Fischer and J. E. Marsden 5. Global structure of spacetimes R. Geroch and G. T. Horowitz 6. The general theory of the mechanical, electromagnetic and thermodynamic properties of black holes B. Carter 7. An introduction to the theory of the Kerr metric and its peturbations S. Chandrasekhar 8. Black hole astrophysics R. D. Blandford and K. S. Thorne 9. The big bang cosmology - enigmas and nostrums R. H. Dicke and P. J. E. Peebles 10. Cosmology and the early universe Ya B. Zel'dovitch 11. Anisotropic and inhomogeneous relativistic cosmologies M. A. H. MacCallum 12. Singularities and time-asymmetry R. Penrose 13. Quantum field theory in curved spacetime G. W. Gibbons 14. Quantum gravity: the new synthesis B. S. DeWitt 15. The path-integral approach to quantum gravity S. W. Hawking 16. Ultraviolet divergences in quantum theories of gravitation S. Weinberg References Index.
1,911 citations
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16 Aug 1979
TL;DR: In this article, Weinberg et al. present a survey of the history of the field of quantum physics and its application to the theory of the Kerr metric and its peturbations.
Abstract: List of contributors Preface 1. An introductory survey S. W. Hawking and W. Israel 2. The confrontation between gravitation theory and experiment C. M. Will 3. Gravitational-radiation experiments D. H. Douglass and V. B. Braginsky 4. The initial value problem and the dynamical formulation of general relativity A. E. Fischer and J. E. Marsden 5. Global structure of spacetimes R. Geroch and G. T. Horowitz 6. The general theory of the mechanical, electromagnetic and thermodynamic properties of black holes B. Carter 7. An introduction to the theory of the Kerr metric and its peturbations S. Chandrasekhar 8. Black hole astrophysics R. D. Blandford and K. S. Thorne 9. The big bang cosmology - enigmas and nostrums R. H. Dicke and P. J. E. Peebles 10. Cosmology and the early universe Ya B. Zel'dovitch 11. Anisotropic and inhomogeneous relativistic cosmologies M. A. H. MacCallum 12. Singularities and time-asymmetry R. Penrose 13. Quantum field theory in curved spacetime G. W. Gibbons 14. Quantum gravity: the new synthesis B. S. DeWitt 15. The path-integral approach to quantum gravity S. W. Hawking 16. Ultraviolet divergences in quantum theories of gravitation S. Weinberg References Index.
1,806 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a generalized formulation of irreversible thermodynamics applicable to the description of thermal phenomena in the presence of strong gravitational fields, fast rotation and rapid fluctuations is developed, from both the phenomenological and kinetic points of view.
1,449 citations
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TL;DR: Among all static, asymptotically flat vacuum space-times with closed simply connected equipotential surfaces, the Schwarzschild solution is the only one which has a nonsingular infinite-red-shift surface.
Abstract: The following theorem is established. Among all static, asymptotically flat vacuum space-times with closed simply connected equipotential surfaces ${g}_{00}=\mathrm{constant}$, the Schwarzschild solution is the only one which has a nonsingular infinite-red-shift surface ${g}_{00}=0$. Thus there exists no static asymmetric perturbation of the Schwarzschild manifold due to internal sources (e.g., a quadrupole moment) which will preserve a regular event horizon. Possible implications of this result for asymmetric gravitational collapse are briefly discussed.
1,158 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a model of hot big-bang cosmology where the early universe is assumed to be highly homogeneous, in spite of the fact that separated regions were causally disconnected (horizon problem).
Abstract: The standard model of hot big-bang cosmology requires initial conditions which are problematic in two ways: (1) The early universe is assumed to be highly homogeneous, in spite of the fact that separated regions were causally disconnected (horizon problem); and (2) the initial value of the Hubble constant must be fine tuned to extraordinary accuracy to produce a universe as flat (i.e., near critical mass density) as the one we see today (flatness problem). These problems would disappear if, in its early history, the universe supercooled to temperatures 28 or more orders of magnitude below the critical temperature for some phase transition. A huge expansion factor would then result from a period of exponential growth, and the entropy of the universe would be multiplied by a huge factor when the latent heat is released. Such a scenario is completely natural in the context of grand unified models of elementary-particle interactions. In such models, the supercooling is also relevant to the problem of monopole suppression. Unfortunately, the scenario seems to lead to some unacceptable consequences, so modifications must be sought.
8,758 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a review of the most important aspects of the different classes of modified gravity theories, including higher-order curvature invariants and metric affine.
Abstract: Modified gravity theories have received increased attention lately due to combined motivation coming from high-energy physics, cosmology, and astrophysics. Among numerous alternatives to Einstein's theory of gravity, theories that include higher-order curvature invariants, and specifically the particular class of $f(R)$ theories, have a long history. In the last five years there has been a new stimulus for their study, leading to a number of interesting results. Here $f(R)$ theories of gravity are reviewed in an attempt to comprehensively present their most important aspects and cover the largest possible portion of the relevant literature. All known formalisms are presented---metric, Palatini, and metric affine---and the following topics are discussed: motivation; actions, field equations, and theoretical aspects; equivalence with other theories; cosmological aspects and constraints; viability criteria; and astrophysical applications.
4,027 citations
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TL;DR: A comprehensive survey of recent work on modified theories of gravity and their cosmological consequences can be found in this article, where the authors provide a reference tool for researchers and students in cosmology and gravitational physics, as well as a selfcontained, comprehensive and up-to-date introduction to the subject as a whole.
3,674 citations
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TL;DR: In the early 1990s, the NSF's Institute for Theoretical Physics in Santa Barbara devoted a 6-month program and an intensive 1-week workshop to the subject as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In the past few years one of the most exciting areas of research in physics has been the interdisciplinary field of cosmology and particle physics. The NSF's Institute for Theoretical Physics in Santa Barbara devoted a 6-month program and an intensive 1-week workshop to the subject. A brief review is given of both the workshop and this field which is attracting attention, in part, because the early Universe seems to be the only laboratory in which to study grand unification.
3,436 citations
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TL;DR: Various applications of f(R) theories to cosmology and gravity — such as inflation, dark energy, local gravity constraints, cosmological perturbations, and spherically symmetric solutions in weak and strong gravitational backgrounds are reviewed.
Abstract: Over the past decade, f(R) theories have been extensively studied as one of the simplest modifications to General Relativity. In this article we review various applications of f(R) theories to cosmology and gravity - such as inflation, dark energy, local gravity constraints, cosmological perturbations, and spherically symmetric solutions in weak and strong gravitational backgrounds. We present a number of ways to distinguish those theories from General Relativity observationally and experimentally. We also discuss the extension to other modified gravity theories such as Brans-Dicke theory and Gauss-Bonnet gravity, and address models that can satisfy both cosmological and local gravity constraints.
3,375 citations