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Author

Wieger IJntema

Bio: Wieger IJntema is an academic researcher from IAV. The author has contributed to research in topics: Energy consumption & Energy harvesting. The author has an hindex of 3, co-authored 6 publications receiving 32 citations. Previous affiliations of Wieger IJntema include Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research.

Papers
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Proceedings ArticleDOI
26 Sep 2017
TL;DR: A hybrid solution where Software-Defined Networking, more specifically OpenFlow, and eBPF are combined to perform control plane configuration and data plane programmability respectively, to realize connectivity within and across NDN domains is proposed.
Abstract: Named-Data Networking (NDN) is proposed as an approach to evolve the Internet infrastructure from a host- to an information-centric (ICN) approach, which is better suited to the current usage of the Internet. However, the deployment of a global NDN-based Internet is still a long way out of reach. The most likely scenario for a global NDN network will be the one based on NDN 'islands' or domains, where interior forwarding and routing of packets is based on NDN principles. The interconnection of NDN domains involves human configuration to set up IP tunnels, implying an unscalable, tedious and error-prone process resulting in static configuration incapable of reacting to ad-hoc requirements or network changes. Leveraging the flexibility of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) can solve aforementioned problems. Due to its dynamic nature, SDN can automatically recognize an NDN service and instruct switches to set up the configuration for actual service deployment. Such a solution significantly eases the deployment of NDN networks. In this paper, we propose a hybrid solution where we combine Software-Defined Networking, more specifically OpenFlow, and eBPF to perform control plane configuration and data plane programmability respectively, to realize connectivity within and across NDN domains. To do so, we have designed eBPF filters that match on NDN traffic, extended the OpenFlow protocol to configure switch data planes with these match filters and enhanced an OpenFlow switch to act accordingly. Our OpenFlow controller written for Ryu performs routing on NDN names and configures switches correspondingly. Additionally, our controller detects NDN domains and sets up IP tunnels between them. Our evaluation shows that our proof-of-concept on, among others, the SciNet testbed autoconfigures an NDN network, successfully providing end-to-end NDN network functionality across multiple domains.

20 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
02 Jul 2018
TL;DR: The problem of maintaining service continuity and synchronization of relevant data among multiple MEC servers to support vehicular applications is studied and two example applications with different requirements are studied, namely platoon management and shared world model, with promising results regarding their suitability for future implementation.
Abstract: Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) is an emerging technology aimed to improve the communication latency and scalability e.g. of cloud-based connected vehicle applications and services. This is accomplished by bringing services closer to the end users, that is, to the network edge. In a high-mobility scenario, such as one involving vehicles, there will be a need for handovers between different MEC servers in order to maintain the required communication latency. Part of the application data may also be relevant to multiple MEC servers, covering overlapping geographical areas or being hosted by different network operators. This paper focuses on these situations and studies the problem of maintaining service continuity and synchronization of relevant data among multiple MEC servers to support vehicular applications. The analysis is conducted in the context of two example applications with different requirements, namely platoon management and shared world model, with promising results regarding their suitability for future implementation.

18 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work proposes three methods to increase the utilization efficiency of harvested Radio Frequency (RF) energy in the beacon system, by which the energy consumption level becomes low enough to fit within the energy harvesting budget.
Abstract: Battery-powered beacon devices introduce high maintenance costs due to the finite operation time dictated by the fixed capacity of their batteries. To tackle this problem we propose FreeBLE: an indoor beacon system aimed at operating perpetually without batteries. We propose three methods to increase the utilization efficiency of harvested Radio Frequency (RF) energy in the beacon system, by which the energy consumption level becomes low enough to fit within the energy harvesting budget. We implement FreeBLE using off-the-shelf Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and RF energy harvesting devices, and test FreeBLE in a laboratory environment. Our results show that FreeBLE enables perpetual operation in an indoor deployment of RF-powered BLE beacon devices.

13 citations

Posted Content
TL;DR: The test results show that with WiPLoc one wireless charger per (16 m$^{\text{2}}$) room can enable perpetual lifetime operation of mobile objects requiring localization with an average accuracy of almost 90%.
Abstract: Indoor localization is a cornerstone of mobile services. Until now most of the research effort has focused on achieving sub-meter localization accuracy because many mobile applications depend on precise localization measurements. In some scenarios, however, it is required to trade location accuracy for system maintainability. For example, in large-scale deployments of indoor networks, such as item-monitoring in smart buildings, attaining room-level localization accuracy may be sufficient, but replacing the batteries of the devices used for localization could lead to high operational costs. As indoor localization systems grow in popularity it will be important to provide them with full energy autonomy. To tackle this problem we propose WiPLoc: an indoor localization system aimed at operating perpetually without batteries. Our contributions are twofold. First, we propose a novel localization method that exploits capture effect and orthogonal codes to operate at energy levels that are low enough to operate within the energy budget provided by long-range wireless power transmission. Second, we implement WiPLoc using off-the-shelf components and test it extensively in a laboratory environment. Our test results show that with WiPLoc one wireless charger per (16 m$^{\text{2}}$) room can enable perpetual lifetime operation of mobile objects requiring localization with an average accuracy of almost 90%.

3 citations

Posted Content
TL;DR: The test results show that BEH can enable perpetual lifetime operation of mobile and static BLE beacon devices in a (16 m$^{\text{2}}$) room and the average value of packet reception rate achieves more than 99% in the best case.
Abstract: Indoor beacon system is a cornerstone of internet of things. Until now, most of the research effort has focused on achieving various applications based on beacon communication. However, the power consumption on beacon devices becomes the bottleneck for the large-scale deployments of indoor networks. On one hand, the size of beacon devices is required to be small enough for easy deployment, which further limits the size of battery. On the other hand, replacing the batteries of the beacon devices could lead to high maintenance costs. It is important to provide them with full energy autonomy. To tackle this problem we propose BEH: an indoor beacon system aimed at operating perpetually without batteries. Our contributions are twofold. Firstly, we propose four methods to increase the utilization efficiency of harvested RF energy in the beacon system, by which the energy consumption level becomes low enough to fit within the energy harvesting budget. Secondly, we implement BEH using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and Radio Frequency (RF) energy harvesting devices, and test BEH extensively in a laboratory environment. Our test results show that BEH can enable perpetual lifetime operation of mobile and static BLE beacon devices in a (16 m$^{\text{2}}$) room. The average value of packet reception rate achieves more than 99% in the best case.

3 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review recent advances in energy harvesting techniques for IoT and discuss some future research challenges that must be addressed to enable the large-scale deployment of energy harvesting solutions for IoT environments.
Abstract: The rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has accelerated strong interests in the development of low-power wireless sensors. Today, wireless sensors are integrated within IoT systems to gather information in a reliable and practical manner to monitor processes and control activities in areas such as transportation, energy, civil infrastructure, smart buildings, environment monitoring, healthcare, defense, manufacturing, and production. The long-term and self-sustainable operation of these IoT devices must be considered early on when they are designed and implemented. Traditionally, wireless sensors have often been powered by batteries, which, despite allowing low overall system costs, can negatively impact the lifespan and the performance of the entire network they are used in. Energy Harvesting (EH) technology is a promising environment-friendly solution that extends the lifetime of these sensors, and, in some cases completely replaces the use of battery power. In addition, energy harvesting offers economic and practical advantages through the optimal use of energy, and the provisioning of lower network maintenance costs. We review recent advances in energy harvesting techniques for IoT. We demonstrate two energy harvesting techniques using case studies. Finally, we discuss some future research challenges that must be addressed to enable the large-scale deployment of energy harvesting solutions for IoT environments.

73 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The necessity of surveying the scattered works on integrating SDN and ICN for improving operational networks is pointed out and the points of SD-ICN strengths and opportunities are analyzed, and the SDN enablers for deploying ICN architectures are discussed.
Abstract: Information centric networking (ICN) and software-defined networking (SDN) are two emerging networking paradigms that promise to solve different aspects of networking problems. ICN is a clean-slate design for accommodating the ever increasing growth of the Internet traffic by regarding content as the network primitive, adopting in-network caching, and name-based routing, while SDN focuses on agile and flexible network management by decoupling network control logic from data forwarding. ICN and SDN have gained significant research attention separately in the most of the previous work. However, the features of ICN have profound impacts on the design and operation of SDN, such as in-network caching and data-centric security. Conversely, SDN provides a powerful tool for experimenting and deploying ICN architectures and can greatly facilitate ICN functionality and management. In this paper, we point out the necessity of surveying the scattered works on integrating SDN and ICN (SD-ICN) for improving operational networks. Specifically, we analyze the points of SD-ICN strengths and opportunities, and discuss the SDN enablers for deploying ICN architectures. In addition, we review and classify the recent work on improving the network management by SD-ICN and discuss the potential security benefits of SD-ICN. Finally, a number of open issues and future trends are highlighted.

64 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A cost model is formulated as an optimization problem, the objective of which is to prompt the MEC server to judiciously allocate computing tasks to nearby MEC servers with the goal of achieving the minimal cost while the latency of tasks is guaranteed.
Abstract: Multiaccess edge computing (MEC) enables autonomous vehicles to handle time-critical and data-intensive computational tasks for emerging Internet-of-Vehicles (IoV) applications via computation offloading. However, a massive amount of data generated by colocated vehicles is typically redundant, introducing a critical issue due to limited network bandwidth. Moreover, on the edge server side, these computation-intensive tasks further impose severe pressure on the resource-finite MEC server, resulting in low-performance efficiency of applications. To solve these challenges, we model the data redundancy and collaborative task computing scheme to efficiently reduce the redundant data and utilize the idle resources in nearby MEC servers. First, the data redundancy problem is formulated as a set-covering problem according to the spatiotemporal coverage of captured images. Next, we exploit the submodular optimization technique to design an efficient algorithm to minimize the number of images transferred to the MEC servers without degrading the quality of IoV applications. To facilitate the task execution in the MEC server, we then propose a collaborative task computing scheme, where an MEC server intentionally encourages nearby resource-rich MEC servers to participate in a collaborative computing group. Accordingly, a cost model is formulated as an optimization problem, the objective of which is to prompt the MEC server to judiciously allocate computing tasks to nearby MEC servers with the goal of achieving the minimal cost while the latency of tasks is guaranteed. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme can efficiently mitigate data redundancy, conserve network bandwidth consumption, and achieve the lowest cost for processing tasks.

49 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work proposes a blockchain-enabled distributed NFV framework to reach consensus among multiple MANO systems where the computation tasks of the blockchain are processed with MEC.
Abstract: Distributed network function virtualization management and orchestration (NFV-MANO) offers a flexible way to manage and orchestrate diversified network services in large-scale Internet of vehicles (IoV). However, it is challenging to manage different services and resources in distributed NFV due to the difficulties of reliable message synchronization among multiple MANO systems. Recently, blockchain technology has emerged to solve the trust and security problems for the interconnections of multiple MANO systems. Moreover, multi-access edge computing (MEC) has become a prospective paradigm shift from the centralized cloud due to its advantages of completing tasks near users. In this work, we propose a blockchain-enabled distributed NFV framework to reach consensus among multiple MANO systems where the computation tasks of the blockchain are processed with MEC. The consensus procedures of MANO systems and blockchain nodes are explained in detail and the representation of the blockchain throughput is given. The blockchain throughput is the number of transactions a blockchain system can handle per second, which is an important evaluation indicator for the performance of a blockchain system. We make decisions for the primary node selection, the MANO system selection and the edge server selection for reaching consensus. Moreover, the blockchain throughput, the processing delay of computation tasks of blockchain and operational costs are jointly considered in the problem formulation. A dueling deep reinforcement learning approach is applied to solve this problem. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

27 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A joint location tracking and WPT algorithm that performs 3-D positioning and beam-focused WPT in a unified way is proposed and the experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in a real environment.
Abstract: We propose a battery-less location tracking system that enables 3-D positioning of an Internet of Things (IoT) device powered by the radio frequency (RF) wireless power transfer (WPT). In the proposed system, a power beacon is equipped with a phased antenna array that has the dual purposes of high-efficiency WPT and phase-based accurate positioning. In order to enhance the efficiency of the RF WPT, we propose a beam focusing algorithm that dynamically controls the respective phases of antenna elements to place the focal point of the electro-magnetic (EM) wave onto the target IoT device. We also propose a phase-based positioning algorithm that requires only one multiantenna anchor point for determining the distance as well as the direction from the anchor point. We analyze the Cramer–Rao lower bound (CRLB) of the phase-based positioning with a single multiantenna anchor point, and show that the distance from the anchor point can be estimated as long as the IoT device lies within the radiative near-field region. We propose a joint location tracking and WPT algorithm that performs 3-D positioning and beam-focused WPT in a unified way. We have built a real-life testbed with a large-scale antenna array with 64 antenna elements for testing the proposed algorithm. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in a real environment.

24 citations