https://isiarticles.com/bundles/Article/pre/pdf/36264.pdf

Constructions of masculinity and their influence on men's well-being: a theory of gender and health.

https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8617256/file/8617262.pdf

Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Research on men's help seeking yields strategies for enhancing men's use of mental and physical health resources. Analysis of the assumptions underlying existing theory and research also provides a context for evaluating the psychology of men and masculinity as an evolving area of social scientific inquiry. The authors identify several theoretical and methodological obstacles that limit understanding of the variable ways that men do or do not seek help from mental and physical health care professionals. A contextual framework is developed by exploring how the socialization and social construction of masculinities transact with social psychological processes common to a variety of potential help-seeking contexts. This approach begins to integrate the psychology of men and masculinity with theory and methodology from other disciplines and suggests innovative ways to facilitate adaptive help seeking.

/pdf/men-masculinity-and-the-contexts-of-help-seeking-39yqubxun4.pdf

Men, masculinity, and the contexts of help seeking.

Link and Phelan (1995) developed the theory of fundamental causes to explain why the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and mortality has persisted despite radical changes in the diseases and risk factors that are presumed to explain it. They proposed that the enduring association results because SES embodies an array of resources, such as money, knowledge, prestige, power, and beneficial social connections that protect health no matter what mechanisms are relevant at any given time. In this article, we explicate the theory, review key findings, discuss refinements and limits to the theory, and discuss implications for health policies that might reduce health inequalities. We advocate policies that encourage medical and other health-promoting advances while at the same time breaking or weakening the link between these advances and socioeconomic resources. This can be accomplished either by reducing disparities in socioeconomic resources themselves or by developing interventions that, by their nature, are more equally distributed across SES groups.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0022146510383498

Social Conditions as Fundamental Causes of Health Inequalities Theory, Evidence, and Policy Implications

Intersectionality is a theoretical framework that posits that multiple social categories (e.g., race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status) intersect at the micro level of individual experience to reflect multiple interlocking systems of privilege and oppression at the macro, social-structural level (e.g., racism, sexism, heterosexism). Public health’s commitment to social justice makes it a natural fit with intersectionality’s focus on multiple historically oppressed populations. Yet despite a plethora of research focused on these populations, public health studies that reflect intersectionality in their theoretical frameworks, designs, analyses, or interpretations are rare. Accordingly, I describe the history and central tenets of intersectionality, address some theoretical and methodological challenges, and highlight the benefits of intersectionality for public health theory, research, and policy.

The Problem With the Phrase Women and Minorities: Intersectionality—an Important Theoretical Framework for Public Health

Men in the United States suffer more severe conditions, have consistently higher death rates, and die nearly 7 years younger than women. Health-related beliefs and behaviors contribute significantly to these gender differences. To explain why women and men adopt the health beliefs and behaviors that

http://www.postpartummen.com/pdfs/PMM.PDF

Engendering Health: A Social Constructionist Examination of Men's Health Beliefs and Behaviors

Men in the United States suffer more severe chronic conditions, have higher death rates for all 15 leading causes of death, and die more than six years younger than women. In an attempt to explain these differences, this review summarizes recent evidence of gender differences in behaviors that significantly influence health and longevity. Drawing upon large studies, national data, and meta-analyses, it systematically demonstrates that males of all ages are more likely than females to engage in over 30 behaviors that increase the risk of disease, injury, and death. These findings provide compelling evidence that men's greatest health risks are preventable and indicate that poor health behaviors frequently co-occur among men. The implications of this review for future research and for the design of interventions with men are discussed.

Behavioral Factors Associated with Disease, Injury, and Death among Men: Evidence and Implications for Prevention

Men in the United States suffer more severe chronic conditions and die 6 years younger than women. For all leading causes of death, and in every age group, men and boys have higher death rates than women and girls. Despite these risks, little is known about the gender-specific health and health care needs of men and boys. This multidisciplinary review provides an overview and summary of key determinants of the health and wellbeing of men and boys in the United States. Thirty key determinants of physical and mental health were identified from a review of literature and are summarized under the following four categories: behaviors of men and boys, health-related beliefs and the expression of emotions and physical distress, underlying factors that influence the health behaviors and beliefs of men and boys, and health care. The findings reported in this review suggest that men’s greatest health risks are the result of modifiable factors, and that efforts to address these factors through practice, policy, and research could contribute to enhanced health conditions for men and boys, as well as to healthier families and communities.

http://www.postpartummen.com/pdfs/KEY-DTR.pdf

Key Determinants of the Health and Well-Being of Men and Boys

This study explored the extent to which college men and women of various racial and ethnic groups differ in their health beliefs and behaviors. Exploratory factor analyses of survey responses from a diverse sample of 1816 undergraduate students identified 21 items in six cohesive domains: Diet; Anger and Stress; Preventive Care; Medical Compliance; Substance Use; and Beliefs about Masculinity. Analyses of variance explored group differences across these domains. Findings revealed consistent gender differences, with men engaging in riskier behaviors and holding riskier beliefs than women. Main effects for ethnicity were also observed, but only for the diet domain was a gender by ethnicity interaction found. Implications for establishing gender- and ethnicity-based health promotion and disease prevention interventions are discussed.

http://www.postpartummen.com/pdfs/JHP-2002.PDF

Will H. Courtenay

Papers

Constructions of masculinity and their influence on men's well-being: a theory of gender and health.

Engendering Health: A Social Constructionist Examination of Men's Health Beliefs and Behaviors

Behavioral Factors Associated with Disease, Injury, and Death among Men: Evidence and Implications for Prevention

Key Determinants of the Health and Well-Being of Men and Boys

Gender and Ethnic Differences in Health Beliefs and Behaviors