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William B. Miller

Bio: William B. Miller is an academic researcher from Cornell University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Bulb & Tulipa gesneriana. The author has an hindex of 22, co-authored 107 publications receiving 2142 citations. Previous affiliations of William B. Miller include University of Arizona & Clemson University.


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TL;DR: A second international panel of representatives of a number of breast cancer clinical research groups was convened in September 2004 to update recommendations regarding neoadjuvant treatment for operable disease and data published to date were reviewed critically and indications were newly defined.
Abstract: Neoadjuvant (primary systemic) treatment is the standard treatment for locally advanced breast cancer and a standard option for primary operable disease. Because of new treatments and new understandings of breast cancer, however, recommendations published in 2003 regarding neoadjuvant treatment for operable disease required updating. Therefore, a second international panel of representatives of a number of breast cancer clinical research groups was convened in September 2004 to update these recommendations. As part of this effort, data published to date were reviewed critically and indications for neoadjuvant treatment were newly defined.

674 citations

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TL;DR: A Florida strain of sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), was found to have an expanded range which includes several new food crops allowing it to broaden its range.

172 citations

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TL;DR: Although all three enzymes capable of catalyzing sucrose cleavage were present in every flower organ of L. longiflorum, soluble invertsase was the predominant enzyme in all flower organs except stigma where cell wall invertase dominated.
Abstract: The activities of soluble invertase (EC 3.2.1.26), cell wall invertase (EC 3.2.1.26) and sucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13) were determined in Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum Thunb. cv. Nellie White) floral organs during flower development. These enzyme activities were correlated with dry weight gains and carbohydrate pools to investigate the importance of their expression in maintaining sink strength of floral organs. In the early stages of flower bud development, anthers exhibited the highest rates of dry weight gain and activity of sucrolytic enzymes. Once anther growth was completed, the dry weight gain of tepal, filament, stigma and style increased with a concomitant increase in hexose concentrations and invertase activity. Although all three enzymes capable of catalyzing sucrose cleavage were present in every flower organ of L. longiflorum, soluble invertase was the predominant enzyme in all flower organs except stigma where cell wall invertase dominated. Soluble invertase activity was highly correlated with dry weight gain in most of the flower organs.

90 citations

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TL;DR: During dormancy breaking the tissue is prepared not only for sprouting but also for subsequent bulb growth, which indicates that during this period, preparation for later bulb growth involves mobilization of carbohydrate reserves which play a role in leaf growth and development of the photosynthetic apparatus.
Abstract: Lilies regenerating on scale segments may develop dormancy in vitro depending on the culture conditions. The dormancy is broken by storage for several weeks at a low temperature (5 °C). The effect of the low temperature on sprouting, time of leaf emergence and further bulb growth was studied. Dormant and non-dormant bulblets were regenerated in vitro on bulb scale segments cultured at 20 °C or 15 °C, respectively. The low temperature not only affected the number of sprouted bulblets but also the time of emergence. The longer the cold storage, the faster and more uniform leaf emergence occurred. Both dormant and non-dormant bulblets grew faster after a low temperature treatment of six weeks. Thus, during dormancy breaking the tissue is prepared not only for sprouting but also for subsequent bulb growth. These processes are rather independent as low temperature stimulates growth in non-dormant bulblets whereas these bulblets sprout also without treatment at low temperature. Moreover, the hormone gibberellin induces rapid sprouting but has no influence on further bulb growth. Good growth in bulblets exposed to the low temperature coincided with production of an increased leaf weight. However, the relationship is not absolute as bulblets that were cold-treated for six weeks grew larger than bulblets cold-treated for four weeks but the formation of leaf biomass was similar. During storage at low temperature starch was hydrolyzed in the bulb scales and sugars accumulated. This indicates that during this period, preparation for later bulb growth involves mobilization of carbohydrate reserves which play a role in leaf growth and development of the photosynthetic apparatus. Starch hydrolysis proceeded in the outer scales after planting. Approximately six weeks later, the switch from source to sink took place in the bulblet, which became visible as a deposition of starch in the middle scales.

68 citations

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TL;DR: This summary is based on publications from refereed journals and conference proceedings, but not abstracts, and the table will be updated periodically.
Abstract: This summary is based on publications from refereed journals and conference proceedings, but not abstracts. The table will be updated periodically. Please report any errors or missing citations to:

66 citations


Cited by
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10 Mar 1970

8,159 citations

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TL;DR: Broad treatment recommendations are presented, recognizing that detailed treatment decisions need to consider disease extent, host factors, patient preferences, and social and economic constraints.

3,160 citations

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TL;DR: The exact definition of pathologic complete response (pCR) and its prognostic impact on survival in intrinsic breast cancer subtypes is uncertain this paper, however, it is known that pCR is associated with long-term outcome of 6,377 patients with primary breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant anthracycline-taxane-based chemotherapy in seven randomized trials.
Abstract: Purpose The exact definition of pathologic complete response (pCR) and its prognostic impact on survival in intrinsic breast cancer subtypes is uncertain. Methods Tumor response at surgery and its association with long-term outcome of 6,377 patients with primary breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant anthracycline-taxane–based chemotherapy in seven randomized trials were analyzed. Results Disease-free survival (DFS) was significantly superior in patients with no invasive and no in situ residuals in breast or nodes (n = 955) compared with patients with residual ductal carcinoma in situ only (n = 309), no invasive residuals in breast but involved nodes (n = 186), only focal-invasive disease in the breast (n = 478), and gross invasive residual disease (n = 4,449; P < .001). Hazard ratios for DFS comparing patients with or without pCR were lowest when defined as no invasive and no in situ residuals (0.446) and increased monotonously when in situ residuals (0.523), no invasive breast residuals but involved nodes ...

1,990 citations

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TL;DR: Pertuzumab and trastuzumAB without chemotherapy eradicated tumours in a proportion of women and showed a favourable safety profile, which justifies further exploration in adjuvant trials and support the neoadjuvant approach for accelerating drug assessment in early breast cancer.
Abstract: Summary Background Studies with pertuzumab, a novel anti-HER2 antibody, show improved efficacy when combined with the established HER2-directed antibody trastuzumab in breast cancer therapy. We investigated the combination of pertuzumab or trastuzumab, or both, with docetaxel and the combination of pertuzumab and trastuzumab without chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting. Methods In this multicentre, open-label, phase 2 study, treatment-naive women with HER2-positive breast cancer were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1) centrally and stratified by operable, locally advanced, and inflammatory breast cancer, and by hormone receptor expression to receive four neoadjuvant cycles of: trastuzumab (8 mg/kg loading dose, followed by 6 mg/kg every 3 weeks) plus docetaxel (75 mg/m 2 , escalating, if tolerated, to 100 mg/m 2 every 3 weeks; group A) or pertuzumab (loading dose 840 mg, followed by 420 mg every 3 weeks) and trastuzumab plus docetaxel (group B) or pertuzumab and trastuzumab (group C) or pertuzumab plus docetaxel (group D). The primary endpoint, examined in the intention-to-treat population, was pathological complete response in the breast. Neither patients nor investigators were masked to treatment. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00545688. Findings Of 417 eligible patients, 107 were randomly assigned to group A, 107 to group B, 107 to group C, and 96 to group D. Patients given pertuzumab and trastuzumab plus docetaxel (group B) had a significantly improved pathological complete response rate (49 of 107 patients; 45·8% [95% CI 36·1–55·7]) compared with those given trastuzumab plus docetaxel (group A; 31 of 107; 29·0% [20·6–38·5]; p=0·0141). 23 of 96 (24·0% [15·8–33·7]) women given pertuzumab plus docetaxel (group D) had a pathological complete response, as did 18 of 107 (16·8% [10·3–25·3]) given pertuzumab and trastuzumab (group C). The most common adverse events of grade 3 or higher were neutropenia (61 of 107 women in group A, 48 of 107 in group B, one of 108 in group C, and 52 of 94 in group D), febrile neutropenia (eight, nine, none, and seven, respectively), and leucopenia (13, five, none, and seven, respectively). The number of serious adverse events was similar in groups A, B, and D (15–20 serious adverse events per group in 10–17% of patients) but lower in group C (four serious adverse events in 4% of patients). Interpretation Patients given pertuzumab and trastuzumab plus docetaxel (group B) had a significantly improved pathological complete response rate compared with those given trastuzumab plus docetaxel, without substantial differences in tolerability. Pertuzumab and trastuzumab without chemotherapy eradicated tumours in a proportion of women and showed a favourable safety profile. These findings justify further exploration in adjuvant trials and support the neoadjuvant approach for accelerating drug assessment in early breast cancer. Funding F Hoffmann-La Roche.

1,781 citations

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TL;DR: Residual cancer burden was calculated as a continuous index combining pathologic measurements of primary tumor and nodal metastases and was a significant predictor of distant relapse-free survival (DRFS) in multivariate Cox regression analyses.
Abstract: Purpose To measure residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in order to improve the prognostic information that can be obtained from evaluating pathologic response. Patients and Methods Pathologic slides and reports were reviewed from 382 patients in two different treatment cohorts: sequential paclitaxel (T) then fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FAC) in 241 patients; and a single regimen of FAC in 141 patients. Residual cancer burden (RCB) was calculated as a continuous index combining pathologic measurements of primary tumor (size and cellularity) and nodal metastases (number and size) for prediction of distant relapse-free survival (DRFS) in multivariate Cox regression analyses. Results RCB was independently prognostic in a multivariate model that included age, pretreatment clinical stage, hormone receptor status, hormone therapy, and pathologic response (pathologic complete response [pCR] v residual disease [RD]; hazard ratio 2.50; 95% CI 1.70 to 3.69; P .001). Minimal RD (RCB-I) in 17% of patients carried the same prognosis as pCR (RCB-0). Extensive RD (RCB-III) in 13% of patients was associated with poor prognosis, regardless of hormone receptor status, adjuvant hormone therapy, or pathologic American Joint Committee on Cancer stage of residual disease. The generalizability of RCB for prognosis of distant relapse was confirmed in the FAC-treated validation cohort. Conclusion RCB determined from routine pathologic materials represented the distribution of RD, was a significant predictor of DRFS, and can be used to define categories of near-complete response and chemotherapy resistance. J Clin Oncol 25:4414-4422. © 2007 by American Society of Clinical Oncology

1,207 citations