William J. Mattson

TL;DR: A conceptual model of the evolution of plant defense is concluded, in which plant physioligical trade-offs interact with the abiotic environment, competition and herbivory.

TL;DR: The evidence associating insects and drought is more circumstantial, consisting largely of observations that outbreaks around the world of such insects as bark beetles and leaf feeders are typically preceded by unusually warm, dry weather.

TL;DR: Although outbreaks (either local or extensive) do reduce plant production temporarily, they commonly occur in individual plants or in whole forest systems that are not particularly productive-that is, those which are under stress resulting from inadequate or excessive moisture, nutrient deficiencies, or pollution, or are senescent, having already passed their peak efficiencies in biomass production.

TL;DR: O 3 at 1·5 × ambient completely offset the growth enhancement by CO 2 , both for O 3 -sensitive and O 2 -tolerant clones and across various trophic levels, and implications for carbon sequestration, plantations to reduce excess CO 2, and global models of forest productivity and climate change are presented.