William M. Haynes

Bio: William M. Haynes is an academic researcher from National Institute of Standards and Technology. The author has contributed to research in topics: Isochoric process & Dielectric. The author has an hindex of 15, co-authored 23 publications receiving 51864 citations.

CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics

Abstract: CRC handbook of chemistry and physics , CRC handbook of chemistry and physics , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران

Improvement of Quality in Publication of Experimental Thermophysical Property Data: Challenges, Assessment Tools, Global Implementation, and Online Support

Abstract: This article describes a 10-year cooperative effort between the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and five major journals in the field of thermophysical and thermochemical properties to improve the quality of published reports of experimental data. The journals are Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, Fluid Phase Equilibria, Thermochimica Acta, and International Journal of Thermophysics. The history of this unique cooperation is outlined, together with an overview of software tools and procedures that have been developed and implemented to aid authors, editors, and reviewers at all stages of the publication process, including experiment

Isochoric (p, Vm, T) measurements on CO2 and on (0.982CO2+0.018N2) from 250 to 330 K at pressures to 35 MPa

Abstract: Comprehensive isochoric ( p , V m , T ) measurements have been performed for pure CO 2 and for (0.982CO 2 + 0.018N 2 ). The range of state points studied for pure CO 2 include those with amount-of-substance densities from 1 to 24 mol·dm −3 , temperatures from 250 to 330 K, and pressures to 34 MPa. Similarly, the mixture was studied over amount-of-substance densities of 1 to 24 mol·dm −3 , temperatures from 250 to 330 K, and pressures to 33 MPa. Based on these and other experimental results from the literature, a 32-term equation of state of the form suggested by Jacobsen and Stewart has been developed for pure CO 2 . This equation was then used to demonstrate the effect of a small amount of N 2 on the ( p , V m , T ) surface of CO 2 —an effect which can be as great as 100 per cent in the amount-of-substance density at fixed temperature and pressure. Finally, the equation of state for pure CO 2 was used in a conformal-solution model to calculate the mixture amount-of-substance densities which had been obtained in this study. In general the results of this calculation were very good—the model reproduced the experimental results to within an r.m.s. deviation of 0.26 per cent.

Measurements of the orthobaric liquid densities of methane, ethane, propane, isobutane, and normal butane

Abstract: The orthobaric liquid densities of the major components of natural gas have been determined with a magnetic suspension densimeter. This paper reports results for methane (105 to 160 K), ethane (100 to 270 K), propane (100 to 288 K), isobutane (115 to 300 K), and normal butane (135 to 300 K). The imprecision of the measured densities is approximately 0.015 per cent; the estimated overall uncertainty is 0.1 per cent at low temperatures and decreases to 0.06 per cent at 300 K. A simple expression has been used to represent the densities as a function of temperature. Comprehensive comparisons with the experimental results of other investigators are presented.

Orthobaric liquid densities and excess volumes for binary mixtures of low molarmass alkanes and nitrogen between 105 and 140 K

Abstract: A magnetic suspension densimeter has been used to determine orthobaric liquid densities of gravimetrically prepared binary mixtures of the major components of liquefied natural gas (LNG) i.e. nitrogen, methane, ethane, propane, i-butane, and n-butane, generally between 105 and 140 K. All binary combinations were included in this study, with the exception of nitrogen + i-butane and nitrogen + n-butane. Uncertainties in the reported liquid-mixture densities are discussed in detail. Comparisons are made between excess volumes computed from the present results and comparable values from the literature. It was found that the volumetric properties of binary liquid mixtures of the heavy hydrocarbons (those mixtures not containing nitrogen or methane) are closely approximated by ideal mixing. Some observations are included on the use of excess volumes of the heavy hydrocarbon systems to determine effective molar volumes of n-butane in liquid mixtures below its triple-point temperature. For mixtures containing nitrogen or methane, approximate total vapor pressures are given.

A comprehensive review of zno materials and devices

Abstract: The semiconductor ZnO has gained substantial interest in the research community in part because of its large exciton binding energy (60meV) which could lead to lasing action based on exciton recombination even above room temperature. Even though research focusing on ZnO goes back many decades, the renewed interest is fueled by availability of high-quality substrates and reports of p-type conduction and ferromagnetic behavior when doped with transitions metals, both of which remain controversial. It is this renewed interest in ZnO which forms the basis of this review. As mentioned already, ZnO is not new to the semiconductor field, with studies of its lattice parameter dating back to 1935 by Bunn [Proc. Phys. Soc. London 47, 836 (1935)], studies of its vibrational properties with Raman scattering in 1966 by Damen et al. [Phys. Rev. 142, 570 (1966)], detailed optical studies in 1954 by Mollwo [Z. Angew. Phys. 6, 257 (1954)], and its growth by chemical-vapor transport in 1970 by Galli and Coker [Appl. Phys. ...

Critical Review of rate constants for reactions of hydrated electrons, hydrogen atoms and hydroxyl radicals (⋅OH/⋅O− in Aqueous Solution

Abstract: Kinetic data for the radicals H⋅ and ⋅OH in aqueous solution,and the corresponding radical anions, ⋅O− and eaq−, have been critically pulse radiolysis, flash photolysis and other methods. Rate constants for over 3500 reaction are tabulated, including reaction with molecules, ions and other radicals derived from inorganic and organic solutes.

Carbon Dioxide Capture in Metal–Organic Frameworks

Abstract: Kenji Sumida, David L. Rogow, Jarad A. Mason, Thomas M. McDonald, Eric D. Bloch, Zoey R. Herm, Tae-Hyun Bae, Jeffrey R. Long

Protein folding and association: insights from the interfacial and thermodynamic properties of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: We demonstrate in this work that the surface tension, water-organic solvent, transfer-free energies and the thermodynamics of melting of linear alkanes provide fundamental insights into the nonpolar driving forces for protein folding and protein binding reactions. We first develop a model for the curvature dependence of the hydrophobic effect and find that the macroscopic concept of interfacial free energy is applicable at the molecular level. Application of a well-known relationship involving surface tension and adhesion energies reveals that dispersion forces play little or no net role in hydrophobic interactions; rather, the standard model of disruption of water structure (entropically driven at 25 degrees C) is correct. The hydrophobic interaction is found, in agreement with the classical picture, to provide a major driving force for protein folding. Analysis of the melting behavior of hydrocarbons reveals that close packing of the protein interior makes only a small free energy contribution to folding because the enthalpic gain resulting from increased dispersion interactions (relative to the liquid) is countered by the freezing of side chain motion. The identical effect should occur in association reactions, which may provide an enormous simplification in the evaluation of binding energies. Protein binding reactions, even between nearly planar or concave/convex interfaces, are found to have effective hydrophobicities considerably smaller than the prediction based on macroscopic surface tension. This is due to the formation of a concave collar region that usually accompanies complex formation. This effect may preclude the formation of complexes between convex surfaces.

Lung volumes and forced ventilatory flows

Abstract: Lung volumes are subdivided into static and dynamic lung volumes. Static lung volumes are measured by methods which are based on the completeness of respiratory manoeuvres, so that the velocity of the manoeuvres should be adjusted accordingly. The measurements taken during fast breathing movements are described as dynamic lung volumes and as forced inspiratory and expiratory flows. ### 1.1 Static lung volumes and capacities The volume of gas in the lung and intrathoracic airways is determined by the properties of lung parenchyma and surrounding organs and tissues, surface tension, the force exerted by respiratory muscles, by lung reflexes and by the properties of airways. The gas volumes of thorax and lung are the same except in the case of a pneumothorax. If two or more subdivisions of the total lung capacity are taken together, the sum of the constituent volumes is described as a lung capacity. Lung volumes and capacities are described in more detail in § 2. #### 1.1.1 Determinants Factors which determine the size of the normal lung include stature, age, sex, body mass, posture, habitus, ethnic group, reflex factors and daily activity pattern. The level of maximal inspiration (total lung capacity, TLC) is influenced by the force developed by the inspiratory muscles (disorders include e.g. muscular dystrophy), the elastic recoil of the lung (disorders include e.g. pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema) and the elastic properties of the thorax and adjacent structures (disorders include e.g. ankylosis of joints). The level of maximal expiration (residual volume, RV) is determined by the force exerted by respiratory muscles (disorders include e.g. muscle paralysis), obstruction, occlusion and compression of small airways (disorders include e.g. emphysema) and by the mechanical properties of lung and thorax (disorders include diffuse fibrosis, kyphoscoliosis). Assessing the total lung capacity is indispensable in establishing a restrictive ventilatory defect or in diagnosing abnormal lung distensibility, as may occur in patients …