X-ray Diffraction Procedures for Clay Mineral Identification

;A temperature-sensitive, elongation-deficient mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana was isolated. At the non-permissive temperature of 31C, the mutation impaired tissue elongation; otherwise, tissue development was normal. Hypocotyl cells that had established cell walls at 21C under light-dark cycles ceased elongation and swelled when the mutant was shifted to 31C and darkness, indicating that the affected gene is essential for cell elongation. Analysis of the cell walls of mutant plants grown at 31C revealed that the cellulose content was reduced to 40% and the pectin content was increased to 162% of the corresponding values for the wild type grown at the same temperature. The increased amounts of pectin in the mutant were bound tightly to cellulose microfibrils. No change in the content of hemicellulose was apparent in the 31C-adapted mutant. Field emission‐ scanning electron microscopy suggested that the structure of cellulose bundles was affected by the mutation; X-ray diffraction, however, revealed no change in the crystallite size of cellulose microfibrils. The regeneration of cellulose microfibrils from naked mutant protoplasts was substantially delayed at 31C. The recessive mutation was mapped to chromosome V, and map-based cloning identified it as a single G A transition (resulting in a Gly 429 Arg substitu

/pdf/role-of-the-putative-membrane-bound-endo-1-4-b-glucanase-ykfjyihjcl.pdf

Role of the Putative Membrane-Bound Endo-1,4-β-Glucanase KORRIGAN in Cell Elongation and Cellulose Synthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana

https://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2015/fpl_2015_wei001.pdf

Grafting of bacterial polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) onto cellulose via in situ reactive extrusion with dicumyl peroxide.

Thermally sprayed coatings are formed by the deposition of molten or partially molten particles, propelled onto a substrate where they impact, spread and solidify rapidly. Residual stresses are expected within the sprayed deposit as a consequence of the release of thermal and kinetic energies. A wide range of materials and two spraying techniques are considered in this study, namely atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) and high-velocity oxygen fuel. Stresses were determined by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. The results were compared with those calculated by mechanical analysis of stress relief in coatings detached from the substrate. Comparison of the results for adherent and free-standing coatings shows that the residual stress state can be resolved in terms of the components suggested by models that propose two stages of stress generation: quenching stresses and secondary-cooling stresses. The in-depth distribution of residual stresses, through the coating thickness, is discussed in terms of the nature of the coating system.

/pdf/study-by-x-ray-diffraction-and-mechanical-analysis-of-the-5bq1jp2pyv.pdf

Study by X-ray diffraction and mechanical analysis of the residual stress generation during thermal spraying

Direct quantitative x-ray analysis by diffraction-absorption technique

660,703. Gas-filled electric discharge tubes. NAAMLOOZE VENNOOTSCHAP PHILIPS' GLOEILAMPENFABRIEKEN. March 28, 1949 [March 27, 1948], No. 8346/49. Drawings to Specification. Class 39 (i). [Also in Group XX] In apparatus for analysing crystalline material by X-ray diffraction (see Group XX), the diffracted rays are detected by a Geiger-Muller tube having a mica window and filled with chlorine and argon.

William Parrish

Papers

X-ray diffraction method

X-Ray Powder Diffraction Analysis Film and Geiger Counter Techniques.

Geometry, alignment and angular calibration of X-ray diffractometers

Precise angular control of quartz-cutting with X-Rays

Orientation techniques for the manufacture of quartz oscillator-plates