Wilson C.W. Chan

TL;DR: Altered differentiation in terminally differentiating hypertrophic chondrocytes expressing unfolded or misfolded proteins may be part of an adaptive response that facilitates survival and recovery from the ensuing ER stress, however, the altered differentiation disrupts the highly coordinated events of endochondral ossification culminating in chondrodysplasia.

TL;DR: Various aspects of intervertebral disk biology and disruptions that could lead to diseases such as interverTEbral disk degeneration are focused on.

TL;DR: An effective staining method capable of defining intervertebral disc compartments in detail and showing matrix remodeling events within the disc is developed, used to develop a histopathological grading system to evaluate disc degeneration or malformation.

TL;DR: A new scoring system based on histo‐morphology of mouse intervertebral disc (IVD) was established and effectively differentiated IVD changes in various strains of wild‐type and genetically modified mice and in induced models of IVD degeneration, and is applicable from the post‐natal stage to the aged mouse.

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of lineage tracing, cell sorting, and single-cell transcriptome studies has been conducted to understand the transcriptional controls in osteogenesis, including the involvement of co-factors, microRNAs, epigenetics, systemic factors, circadian rhythm, and the microenvironments.