Author
Wilson W. C. Tse
Bio: Wilson W. C. Tse is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Extended family & Feeling. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 1 publications receiving 9 citations.
Topics: Extended family, Feeling, Psychological trauma, Anxiety
Papers
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors made observations made in the children's wards as regards the related psychological effects in the Chinese families in Hong Kong and made recommendations concerning measures to improve the situation and to ameliorate the effects.
Abstract: SUMMARY Physical illnesses are common happening in the case of children, yet they can have profound impact on the children. With the increasing trend of admitting young children into hospital for inpatient care, the problem of separation from their parents has emerged. The short-term and long-term sequelae on these children and their families are discussed. The present article also records some observations made in the children's wards as regards the related psychological effects in the Chinese families in Hong Kong. Recommendations concerning measures to improve the situation and to ameliorate the effects are made, such that those requiring hospitalisation will not suffer unnecessary psychological trauma in due course. INTRODUCTION The importance of the family as a formative influence on a child's personality growth needs no arguing. Particularly in early childhood, it is the matrix within which the child develops, the area where his strongest emotional ties are formed and the background against which his intense personal life is enacted. From the moment a child is born, the family governs the early experience that permeates the course of physical and mental development. Small children, particularly in infancy, need adequate maternal care to avoid the risk of serious maldevelopment of intellect and personality. Maternal care does not necessarily imply the biological parent. More favourable developments may come from the exclusive maternal care of the infant ('monomotic') in comparison with care shared with extended family or friends ('polymotic'). Mother is normally the source of stimulation to verbal behaviour, play, and the like. She provides for the nutritional, material and security needs of her child (Hill, 1976). The normal growth of children is dependent on the mother's full-time occupation in the role of child-rearing (Baers, 1954). To the extent that such needs can be provided by other agencies, the impact of separation is diminished. EFFECTS OF ACUTE ILLNESS Any acute illness, with its physical discomfort and emotional stresses, can be quite upsetting to the child and his parents. Even the small child is so organised psychobiologically that pain or the threat of pain, the loss of a bodily part or the threat of bodily mutilation, an particularly the awareness of the possibility of impending death precipitate a series of defensive reactions initiated by the arousal of anxiety. An impairment of physical strength or a loss of physical control or of the autonomy of behaviour may also result in damage to the child's self-image and self-esteem and thus may lead to feelings of loss of identity and continuity. While a small child's sense of security may be undermined by some loss of confidence in the omniscience and omnipotence of his parents, a sudden feeling of becoming different from his peers may stimulate increased anxiety in the older child. This anxiety may be complicated by other unpleasant feelings, such as feelings of guilt and anger from the assumption that painful medical or surgical procedures are hostile attacks or that the illness is punishment for past misbehaviour. Illness also draws attention to the parts of the body affected, thus making bodily sensations loom up in the child's mind, increasing his sensitivity to bodily sensations, altering, perhaps, his body and self-image, evoking repressed infantile experiences and fantasies, and suggesting the patterns for the later utilisation of illness for secondary gains. It is now known that when ill, children may show their anxiety in different ways. Infants and small children usually give vent to their feelings by crying and sometimes by vigorously resisting all medical procedures. Some children regress in their behaviour, becoming overly pliant, apathetic, or withdrawn. Loss of hope may result in loss of interest in the environment, increased self-preoccupation, and sometimes in either depression or a flight into fantansy. …
10 citations
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05 Sep 2016TL;DR: In this article, the experience of poverty, famine and institutionalization can be discerned from markers of stress in their skeletons and, when discussed in a biocultural research setting, these markers provide a unique insight into the tragic veracity of one of the worst subsistence crises in history.
Abstract: Despite the fact that more than half of all who died in the Great Famine in Ireland from 1845 to 1852 were children, relatively little research has focused on their experiences of this period. Following the archaeological excavation of a Famine-period workhouse mass burial ground in Kilkenny City, the physical reality of the catastrophe for over 500 of its child victims has become evident. The experience of poverty, famine and institutionalization can be discerned from markers of stress in their skeletons and, when discussed in a biocultural research setting, these markers provide a unique insight into the tragic veracity of one of the worst subsistence crises in history. The historical records reveal that amongst high child mortality rates, the well-being of the children was in fact a priority for workhouse officials. Though many died, a large number of children's lives would also have been saved in the institution.
15 citations
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TL;DR: The hypothesis that hospitalization in the early stages of life has an effect on the subsequent mental health of children and the chance of presenting any psychiatric disorder at 6 and 11 years of age is supported.
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the medium-term effects that hospitalization in the first 48 months of life has on the development of psychiatric disorders at 6 and 11 years of age among individuals in a birth cohort in a middle-income country. We analyzed data from a 2004 birth cohort (N = 4,231) in the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The frequency of hospitalization was investigated at 12, 24 and 48 months of life. When the children were 6 and 11 years old, psychiatric disorders were investigated with the Development and Well-Being Assessment. We used logistic regression to adjust for potential confounders. The overall frequency of hospitalization during the first 48 months of life was 33.1% (95%CI: 31.4; 34.7). Among the hospitalized children 25.6% (95%CI: 24.1; 27.1), 4.7% (95%CI: 4.0; 5.5) and 2.8% (95%CI: 2.3; 3.5) were hospitalized 1, 2 or ≥ 3 times during this period, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, the chance of presenting any psychiatric disorder at 6 and 11 years of age was higher for the children who had been hospitalized during the first 48 months of life than for those who had not, with OR of 1.50 (95%CI: 1.19; 1.88) and 1.63 (95%CI: 1.28; 2.07), respectively. Our results support the hypothesis that hospitalization in the early stages of life has an effect on the subsequent mental health of children. Preventive measures are needed in order to minimize the negative experiences of children who are hospitalized during infancy.
8 citations
01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: It is important to pay more attention to the children especially: -having a psychiatric symptom history, -experiencing disease symptoms for a long period, -hospitalized in two or more hospitals, -living in a poor socioeconomic status.
Abstract: Aim. The aim of the study is to evaluate the psychosocial symptoms by several variables in the hospitalized 6-12 years old children. Method. The sample of this descriptive study includes 360 children hospitalized in the Gaziantep Pediatric Hospital. Inclusion criteria: with an acute or chronic disease, without any psychiatric disease diagnosis, at least 3 days of hospitalization, willing to participate in the study, 6-12 years old children. “Personal Data Form” and “psychosocial symptoms identification scale in the hospitalized children” scales were used to collect the characteristics data of the patients. Data were evaluated by t test and Kruskal Wallis test. Results. The average age of the children was 8.8±2.0, 56.9% of the children were male, 62.2% of them hospitalized in two or more hospitals. The psychosocial symptoms were more common among the children: -having a poor family whose income is less than expenditure, -living in village,-not going school-having 2 brothers/sisters, having an urinary or endocrine disease, hospitalized for more than 15 days, having a psychiatric symptom history. Conclusion. In conclusion, it is important to pay more attention to the children especially: -having a psychiatric symptom history, -experiencing disease symptoms for a long period,-hospitalized in two or more hospitals, -living in a poor socioeconomic status. According to the study, we emphase that the hospitalized children should be evaluated in terms of their psychosocial status.
6 citations
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11 May 2018
TL;DR: The results show that family support includes informational support, assessment support, emotional support and instrumental support during the effort to decrease the hospitalization reactions of preschool children.
Abstract: Disease and hospitalization are often the main crises that children face, causing the child to experience trauma. The phenomenon of separation and experience of hospitalized children shows when a child is hospitalized will experience a change in emotional status, as well as parents crying, anxious, angry. Preschool age is very susceptible to the effects of tress during hospitalization, so there is a need for family support. The objective of the study was to explore the support of the family in order to decrease the hospitalization of preschool children in the orchid room of RSUD Nganjuk. The research method used qualitative research with phenomenological approach. Data collection using primary and secondary data then conducted in-depth interviews (indepth interview) with semi-structured questions. Informants as many as 5 people according to the inclusion criteria that researchers make are families who have preschool children, long day 1-3 care, family as the main caregiver, children with medical diagnosis group of internal medicine, children do not have terminal disease, the family is willing to become informants. The results show that family support includes informational support, assessment support, emotional support and instrumental support. But the support has not been maximal because it is influenced by the reaction of children and parents who are varied towards hospitalization along with influencing factors such as child adaptation process, the existence of rooming in, sibling reaction. The conclusion of the study was family support during the effort to decrease the hospitalization reactions of preschool children. Based on these studies it is necessary to conduct further research on family support in reducing the impact of pre-school children's hospitalization.
3 citations
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TL;DR: The aim of this research was to identify the design aspects necessary to create an aesthetically appealing playroom environment to aid the well-being of hospitalised oncology children at a public hospital in Bloemfontein, South Africa.
Abstract: The aim of this research was to identify the design aspects necessary to create an aesthetically appealing playroom environment to aid the well-being of hospitalised oncology children at a public hospital in Bloemfontein, South Africa. The methodology design is overall qualitative within the interpretivist paradigm with a triangulation methodology design with explanatory components. These components consisted of a literature review which was further explored by means of a qualitative questionnaire. The playroom was created as part of a community project according to the literature review and questionnaire after which semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with the children themselves.
3 citations