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Winston M. Manning

Bio: Winston M. Manning is an academic researcher from Carnegie Institution for Science. The author has contributed to research in topics: Chlorophyll c & Brown algae. The author has an hindex of 6, co-authored 6 publications receiving 438 citations.

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Carotenoid pigments of several groups of algae have been obtained through utilization of the chromatographic adsorption method and the relative positions of the pigments in the columns have been found to vary with the solvents and adsorbents that were employed.
Abstract: Carotenoid pigments of several groups of algae have been obtained through utilization of the chromatographic adsorption method. The selectivity of this method and the relative positions of the pigments in the columns have been found to vary with the solvents and adsorbents that were employed.Xanthophylls of algae represent a large proportion of the carotenoid pigments produced in the world's vegetation. Most of the algal xanthophylls were readily convertible, reversibly, into one or more isomers that were separated on the adsorption columns. The principal xanthophylls were the more stable, presumably trans, isomers. Some of the labile isomers also appeared to be normal constituents of the cells. All the algal xanthophylls were unesterified.The following xanthophylls have been obtained from each of six species of diatoms: diatoxanthin, diadinoxanthin (both new xanthophylls), fucoxanthin, neofucoxanthin A, and neofucoxanthin B. From some eight species of brown algae there were obtained: diatoxanthin (occasi...

126 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A set of equations for determining chlorophyll a (Chl a) and accessory chlorophyLLs b, c2, c1 + c2 and the special case of Acaryochloris marina, which uses Chl d as its primary photosynthetic pigment and also has Chl a, have been developed for 90% acetone, methanol and ethanol solvents.
Abstract: A set of equations for determining chlorophyll a (Chl a) and accessory chlorophylls b, c 2 , c 1 + c 2 and the special case of Acaryochloris marina, which uses Chl d as its primary photosynthetic pigment and also has Chl a, have been developed for 90% acetone, methanol and ethanol solvents. These equations for different solvents give chlorophyll assays that are consistent with each other. No algorithms for Chl c compounds (c 2 , c 1 + c 2) in the presence of Chl a have previously been published for methanol or ethanol. The limits of detection (and inherent error, ± 95% confidence limit), for chlorophylls in all organisms tested, was generally less than 0.1 µg/ml. The Chl a and b algorithms for green algae and land plants have very small inherent errors (< 0.01 µg/ml). Chl a and d algorithms for Acaryochloris marina are consistent with each other, giving estimates of Chl d/a ratios which are consistent with previously published estimates using HPLC and a rarely used algorithm originally published for diethyl ether in 1955. The statistical error structure of chlorophyll algorithms is discussed. The relative error of measurements of chlorophylls increases hyperbolically in diluted chlorophyll extracts because the inherent errors of the chlorophyll algorithms are constants independent of the magnitude of absorbance readings. For safety reasons, efficient extraction of chlorophylls and the convenience of being able to use polystyrene cuvettes, the algorithms for ethanol are recommended for routine assays of chlorophylls. The methanol algorithms would be convenient for assays associated with HPLC work.

908 citations

BookDOI
01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: The aim of this book is to clarify the relationships between Antioxidant Metabolism and Carotenoids in the Regulation of Photosynthesis and to provide a framework for future studies of these relationships in more detail.
Abstract: Preface. Color Plates. Part I: Biosynthetic Pathways and the Distribution of Carotenoids in Photosynthetic Organisms. 1. Carotenoids in Photosynthesis: An Historical Perspective Govindjee. 2. Carotenoid Synthesis and Function in Plants: Insights from Mutant Studies in Arabidopsis thaliana D. DellaPenna. 3. Carotenoids and Carotenogenesis in Anoxygenic Photosynthetic Bacteria S. Takaichi. Part II: Structure of Carotenoid-Chlorophyll Protein Complexes. 4. The Structure and Function of the LH2 Complex from Rhodopseudomonas acidophila Strain 10050, with Special Reference to the Bound Carotenoid R.J. Cogdell, et al. 5. Carotenoids as Components of the Light-harvesting Proteins of Eukaryotic Algae R.G. Hiller. 6. The Structure of Reaction Centers from Purple Bacteria G. Fritzsch, A. Kuglstatter. 7. Carotenoids and the Assembly of Light-Harvesting Complexes H. Paulsen. Part III: Electronic Structure, Stereochemistry, Spectroscopy, Dynamics and Radicals. 8. The Electronic States of Carotenoids R.L. Christensen. 9. Cis-Trans Carotenoids in Photosynthesis: Configurations, Excited-State Properties and Physiological Functions Y. Koyama, R. Fujii. 10. The Electronic Structure, Stereochemistry and Resonance Raman Spectroscopy of Carotenoids B. Robert. 11. Electron Magnetic Resonance of Carotenoids A. Angerhofer. 12. Carotenoid Radicals and the Interaction of Carotenoids with Active Oxygen Species R. Edge, T.G. Truscott. 13. Incorporation of Carotenoids into ReactionCenter and Light-Harvesting Pigment-protein Complexes H.A. Frank. Part IV: Ecophysiology and the Xanthophyll Cycle. 14. Ecophysiology of the Xanthophyll Cycle B. Demmig-Adams, et al. 15. Regulation of the Structure and Function of the Light-Harvesting Complexes of Photosystem II by the Xanthophyll Cycle P. Horton, et al. 16. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Xanthophyll Cycle H.Y. Yamamoto, et al. 17. Relationships Between Antioxidant Metabolism and Carotenoids in the Regulation of Photosynthesis C.H. Foyer, J. Harbinson. Part V: Model Systems. 18. Novel and Biomimetic Functions of Carotenoids in Artificial Photosynthesis T.A. Moore, et al. 19. Physical Properties of Carotenoids in the Solid State H. Hashimoto. 20. Carotenoids in Membranes W.I. Gruszecki. Index.

476 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A universal set of equations for determining chlorophyll (Chl) a, accessory Chl b, c, and d, and total Chl have been developed for 90 % acetone, 100 % methanol, and ethanol solvents suitable for estimating Chl in extracts from natural assemblages of algae.
Abstract: A universal set of equations for determining chlorophyll (Chl) a, accessory Chl b, c, and d, and total Chl have been developed for 90 % acetone, 100 % methanol, and ethanol solvents suitable for estimating Chl in extracts from natural assemblages of algae. The presence of phaeophytin (Ph) a not only interferes with estimates of Chl a but also with Chl b and c determinations. The universal algorithms can hence be misleading if used on natural collections containing large amounts of Ph. The methanol algorithms are severely affected by the presence of Ph and so are not recommended. The algorithms were tested on representative mixtures of Chls prepared from extracts of algae with known Chl composition. The limits of detection (and inherent error, ±95 % confidence limit) for all the Chl equations were less than 0.03 g m−3. The algorithms are both accurate and precise for Chl a and d but less accurate for Chl b and c. With caution the algorithms can be used to calculate a Chl profile of natural assemblages of algae. The relative error of measurements of Chls increases hyperbolically in diluted extracts. For safety reasons, efficient extraction of Chls and the convenience of being able to use polystyrene cuvettes, the algorithms for ethanol are recommended for routine assays of Chls in natural assemblages of aquatic plants.

438 citations