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Wm. C. Christiansen

Bio: Wm. C. Christiansen is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Rumen & Hay. The author has an hindex of 3, co-authored 3 publications receiving 125 citations.
Topics: Rumen, Hay, Forage, Feed conversion ratio, Fatty acid


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Book
20 Dec 1991
TL;DR: In addition to the bacteria in the rumen there are many larger organisms which at various times have been designated protozoa, of which there are two groups both in the subclass Trichostomatia and the entodiniomorphs.
Abstract: In addition to the bacteria in the rumen there are many larger (5–250/mm long) organisms which at various times have been designated protozoa Of these the ‘ovals’ (Quin’s and Eadie’s) are now known to be large bacteria (Orpin, 1976) and the ‘flagellates’ Neocallimastix frontalis, Piromonas communis and Sphaeromonas communis are the zoospores of phycomycete fungi (Orpin, 1977a, b) There are genuine flagellates in the rumen, eg Trichomonas spp, Monoceromonas sp and Chilomastix sp, but almost nothing is known about their metabolism (Jensen and Hammon, 1964) The largest, most obvious and most important protozoa are the ciliates, of which there are two groups both in the subclass Trichostomatia The so called ‘holotrich’ protozoa belong to the order Vestibuliferida and the entodiniomorphs to the order Entodiniomorphida, suborder Entodiniomorphina and family Ophryoscolecidae As the properties and metabolism of these two protozoal groups are different, they will be considered separately below

903 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Peter H. Janssen1
TL;DR: Analysis of the literature confirms that increased particulate passage rate is associated with higher rumen H2 concentrations, less CH4 formation, and increased importance of propionate as a fermentation endproduct, and the model suggests that the prevailing H2 concentration influences the thermodynamics of rumen fermentation.

556 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: The major portion of the rumen microbial population consists of strictly anaerobic bacteria and ciliate protozoa, which appear to account for most of the fermentative activity in this organ.
Abstract: Establishment of microbes in the young ruminant is primarily dependent upon its exposure to an adult animal and having a rumen environment compatible with growth of the microorganisms. The major portion of the rumen microbial population consists of strictly anaerobic bacteria and ciliate protozoa, which appear to account for most of the fermentative activity in this organ. Anaerobic fungi have recently been found also to be normal inhabitants of the rumen; however, they occur in lower concentrations and their ecological niche in the rumen fermentation is uncertain (Chapter 4). Microbial numbers and the composition of the population are affected by a number of factors, of which diet is probably one of the most important. Smaller numbers of facultatively anaerobic bacteria (which may be of importance in very young ruminants), aerobic bacteria, flagellate protozoa and mycoplasmas are also present; however, their contribution to the overall fermentation is considered minimal.

199 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The role of bacteria, protozoa and fungi in rumen digestion of plant cell wall material is briefly summarized in this article, where it is shown that the absence of protozoology lowers degradation and thus increases efficiency of synthesis.

187 citations