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Wout Ultee

Bio: Wout Ultee is an academic researcher from Radboud University Nijmegen. The author has contributed to research in topics: Occupational prestige & Unemployment. The author has an hindex of 23, co-authored 134 publications receiving 2424 citations. Previous affiliations of Wout Ultee include University of Amsterdam & Utrecht University.


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01 Jan 2008
TL;DR: The authors analyzed the long term effects of parental media socialization on educational success and found that a parental role model emphasizing high-brow reading enhances school success, whereas parental time spent on television viewing actually harms a child's educational career, parental reading intensity benefits school success.
Abstract: In this article we analyzed the long term effects of parental media socialization on educational success. We employed information on 7838 individuals from 3083 families in the Netherlands to estimate hierarchical models that distinguish between family-specific (socialization) effects and individual effects. Our study reveals that parental media socialization plays a meaningful role in the intergenerational transmission of social inequality. Whereas parental time spent on television viewing actually harms a child’s educational career, parental reading intensity benefits school success. The content of the parental media consumption plays a relevant role in the reproduction process as well. A parental role model emphasizing highbrow reading enhances school success. Parents actually restrict their children’s educational success by showing a strong preference for popular TV. Beside the parental role model on media use we studied instructive media guidance performed by parents. Our results showed that parent-child interaction on reading positively affects children’s educational career.

6 citations

01 Jan 1974
TL;DR: In this article, a formal-logical theory of problems is proposed that should help in formulating & handling scientific problems, which can be used to eliminate unscientific practices as well as to criticize the practices of a particular science at a particular time & place.
Abstract: The following schema relative to scientific discovery was proposed by K. R. Popper (Objective Knowledge, an Evolutionary Approach, London, 1972): problems generate scientific theories that attempt to solve them; theories give rise to experiments that falsify them; this in turn generates new problems, etc. They are investigated here from a critical standpoint. A formal-logical theory of problems is proposed that should help in formulating & handling scientific problems. Methodological rules, principles, & recommendations are derived from the theory, & illustrated by means of problems taken from the field of sociology. The theory of problems has a critical aspect as well as a constructive one. It can be used to eliminate unscientific practices as well as to criticize the practices of a particular science at a particular time & place. This is what should be done for the particular case of Dutch sociology today. One branch of it remains faithful to the old tradition of empirical research, & can be criticized for dealing with problems that are too fragmented, & for not paying enough attention to general theories that have a high information content. The other tendency is in the direction of a social philosophy, where rambling & the failure to define problems adequately seem to be prevalent. A. Orianne.

5 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The homophily principle as mentioned in this paper states that similarity breeds connection, and that people's personal networks are homogeneous with regard to many sociodemographic, behavioral, and intrapersonal characteristics.
Abstract: Similarity breeds connection. This principle—the homophily principle—structures network ties of every type, including marriage, friendship, work, advice, support, information transfer, exchange, comembership, and other types of relationship. The result is that people's personal networks are homogeneous with regard to many sociodemographic, behavioral, and intrapersonal characteristics. Homophily limits people's social worlds in a way that has powerful implications for the information they receive, the attitudes they form, and the interactions they experience. Homophily in race and ethnicity creates the strongest divides in our personal environments, with age, religion, education, occupation, and gender following in roughly that order. Geographic propinquity, families, organizations, and isomorphic positions in social systems all create contexts in which homophilous relations form. Ties between nonsimilar individuals also dissolve at a higher rate, which sets the stage for the formation of niches (localize...

15,738 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: A Treatise on the Family by G. S. Becker as discussed by the authors is one of the most famous and influential economists of the second half of the 20th century, a fervent contributor to and expounder of the University of Chicago free-market philosophy, and winner of the 1992 Nobel Prize in economics.
Abstract: A Treatise on the Family. G. S. Becker. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 1981. Gary Becker is one of the most famous and influential economists of the second half of the 20th century, a fervent contributor to and expounder of the University of Chicago free-market philosophy, and winner of the 1992 Nobel Prize in economics. Although any book with the word "treatise" in its title is clearly intended to have an impact, one coming from someone as brilliant and controversial as Becker certainly had such a lofty goal. It has received many article-length reviews in several disciplines (Ben-Porath, 1982; Bergmann, 1995; Foster, 1993; Hannan, 1982), which is one measure of its scholarly importance, and yet its impact is, I think, less than it may have initially appeared, especially for scholars with substantive interests in the family. This book is, its title notwithstanding, more about economics and the economic approach to behavior than about the family. In the first sentence of the preface, Becker writes "In this book, I develop an economic or rational choice approach to the family." Lest anyone accuse him of focusing on traditional (i.e., material) economics topics, such as family income, poverty, and labor supply, he immediately emphasizes that those topics are not his focus. "My intent is more ambitious: to analyze marriage, births, divorce, division of labor in households, prestige, and other non-material behavior with the tools and framework developed for material behavior." Indeed, the book includes chapters on many of these issues. One chapter examines the principles of the efficient division of labor in households, three analyze marriage and divorce, three analyze various child-related issues (fertility and intergenerational mobility), and others focus on broader family issues, such as intrafamily resource allocation. His analysis is not, he believes, constrained by time or place. His intention is "to present a comprehensive analysis that is applicable, at least in part, to families in the past as well as the present, in primitive as well as modern societies, and in Eastern as well as Western cultures." His tone is profoundly conservative and utterly skeptical of any constructive role for government programs. There is a clear sense of how much better things were in the old days of a genderbased division of labor and low market-work rates for married women. Indeed, Becker is ready and able to show in Chapter 2 that such a state of affairs was efficient and induced not by market or societal discrimination (although he allows that it might exist) but by small underlying household productivity differences that arise primarily from what he refers to as "complementarities" between caring for young children while carrying another to term. Most family scholars would probably find that an unconvincingly simple explanation for a profound and complex phenomenon. What, then, is the salient contribution of Treatise on the Family? It is not literally the idea that economics could be applied to the nonmarket sector and to family life because Becker had already established that with considerable success and influence. At its core, microeconomics is simple, characterized by a belief in the importance of prices and markets, the role of self-interested or rational behavior, and, somewhat less centrally, the stability of preferences. It was Becker's singular and invaluable contribution to appreciate that the behaviors potentially amenable to the economic approach were not limited to phenomenon with explicit monetary prices and formal markets. Indeed, during the late 1950s and throughout the 1960s, he did undeniably important and pioneering work extending the domain of economics to such topics as labor market discrimination, fertility, crime, human capital, household production, and the allocation of time. Nor is Becker's contribution the detailed analyses themselves. Many of them are, frankly, odd, idiosyncratic, and off-putting. …

4,817 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The International Socio-economic Index of Occupational status (ISEI) as discussed by the authors is derived from the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) using comparably coded data on education, occupation, and income for 73,901 full-time employed men from 16 countries.

2,121 citations