Wu XiaoMin

Bio: Wu XiaoMin is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Yersinia enterocolitica & Blastocystis. The author has an hindex of 2, co-authored 5 publications receiving 17 citations.

A review of mainly affected on musk-deer diseases: purulent, respiratory system and parasitic diseases.

Abstract: In aspects of clinical semeiology,pathological inspection,etiology research,epidemiological analysis and present treatment measures,this article summarized the research progresses on purulent disease,respiratory system disease and parasitosis of Musk-deerIn order to develop the Musk-deer Farming effectively and properly with the guide of scientific theory,more research should be taken on these diseases

The intestinal parasitic infection and its morphology of Rhinopithecus roxellanaes and Macaca mulatta.

Abstract: Parasitic infection of Rroxellanae and Macaca mulatta in a protection institution in Shanxi province was investigated from November to December,2007 in ChinaFeces were examined for intestinal parasites using wet mount smear,iodine staining and haemotoxylin staining,and digital micro-photography were taken for positive specimensSeven kinds of parasites were detected with an infection rate of 9167%,100% in Rroxellanae and Macaca mulatta,The infections of Capillaria sp,Blastocystis sp,Entamoeba histolytica were common

Observation on intestinal parasitic morphology and infection in captive rare wildlife in Shaanxi Province.

Abstract: Intestinal parasitic infection of rare wildlife in the protection institution,Shaanxi Province,China was investigated from November to December,2007Feces of 75 individuals of 18 species were examined by using wet mount smear and iodine stainingDigital micro-photograph was taken when positive specimens were detectedEleven species of parasites were detected in this study and the infection rate in the examinate samples was as high as 889%,Blastocystis spand amebic protozoa were the most common parasites to infect the captive individuals of wildlife in the protection institution

Feces-based Detection of Yersinia enterocolitica in Intestine of Ailuropoda melanoleuca by PCR

Abstract: It is inevitable to develop noninvasive sampling methods to do studies on giant panda even diagnose the diseases since which is so endangered that it's impossible to carry out invasive sampling.A non-invasive sampling method to detect the intestinal pathogen, Yersinia enterocolitica in feces of pandas based designing PCR primers was established in this study. The main procedures are based on bacteria enrichment and cell lysis before binding the pathogen DNA to silica powder at high concentration of Kalium iodide and neutral pH conditions. Before PCR cycles, the binded DNA is washed with 80% ethanol and eluted with diluted EDTA buffer. Results showed that the silica-based feces DNA-purification method could remove the inhibitors of PCR so applicable to detect the target pathogen.

Epidemiology of Blastocystis sp. infection in China: a systematic review

Abstract: Blastocystis sp., a unicellular intestinal parasite in humans and animals worldwide, is frequently found in immunocompromized patients and people in close contact with animals. Here, we reviewed recent studies on the prevalence, subtypes, and distribution of Blastocystis infection in humans and animals in China. To date, more than 12 provinces have reported Blastocystis infection in humans, with identification of six different subtypes (ST1, ST2, ST3, ST4, ST5, and ST6). The overall infection rate reported was 3.37% (3625/107,695), with the lowest prevalence (0.80%) in Fujian province and the highest prevalence (100%) in Guangdong province. ST3 (62%, 186/300) was the most dominant subtype, identified in all tested provinces in China. A total of eight provinces have reported Blastocystis infection in various animals, with the overall prevalence being 24.66% (1202/4874). Molecular analysis revealed 14 subtypes that infected animals, including 10 known (ST1, ST2, ST3, ST4, ST5, ST6, ST7, ST10, ST13, ST14), and 4 novel (Novel1, Novel2, Novel3, Novel4) subtypes. ST5 was the dominant subtype infecting artiodactyls (44.1%, 460/1044), while ST1 commonly infected carnivores (45.5%, 5/11). These findings provide insights into the epidemiological behavior of Blastocystis sp. in China, and could help in developing effective control strategies against the parasite.

Detection and characterization of antibiotic-resistance genes in Arcanobacterium pyogenes strains from abscesses of forest musk deer

Abstract: Arcanobacterium pyogenes is commonly isolated from ruminant animals as an opportunistic pathogen that co-infects with other bacteria, normally causing surface or internal abscesses. Twenty-eight strains of A. pyogenes isolated from forest musk deer suppurative samples were identified by their 16S rRNA gene sequences, and confirmed by amplification of the pyolysin-encoding gene (plo) in all isolates. The MICs of 14 commonly used antibiotics were determined by an agar dilution method. Class 1 and 2 intI genes were amplified to determine whether integrons were present in the A. pyogenes genome. Class 1 gene cassettes were detected by specific primers and analysed by sequencing. All of the strains were susceptible to most fluoroquinolone antibiotics; however, high resistance rates were observed for β-lactams and trimethoprim. A total of 18 of the isolates (64.3 %) were positive for the class 1 intI gene, and 16 (57.1 %) contained class 1 gene cassettes with the aacC, aadA1, aadA2, blaP1 and dfr2a genes. Most were present in the multi-resistant isolates, indicating a general concordance between the presence of gene cassettes and antibiotic resistance, and that the integrons have played an important role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in this species.

Habitat use and separation between red deer Cervus elaphus xanthopygus and roe deer Capreolus pygargus bedfordi in relation to human disturbance in the Wandashan Mountains, northeastern China

Abstract: Habitat use and separation in relation to human disturbance of two sympatric species, red deer Cervus elaphus xanthopygus and roe deer Capreolus pygargus bedfordi, were studied in the Wandashan Mountains, Heilongjiang Province, China. We measured 19 variables describing macrohabitat (e.g. distance to roads or forest type) and microhabitat (e.g. escape cover or snow depth) characteristics at each plot where red or roe deer occurred. Statistical analysis of macrohabitat characteristics for the two deer species identified a statistically significant difference in the distance to human disturbances, especially settlements, for sites utilised by red deer and roe deer. Despite range overlaps between red deer and roe deer in the study area, each species exhibited different patterns in microhabitat use. The two deer species do not seem to be impacted to the same degree by human disturbance. Red deer occurred at sites characterised by mature mixed coniferous and broadleaf stands, at higher elevations, and...

The draft genome sequence of forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii).

Abstract: Background The forest musk deer, Moschus berezovskii, is one of seven musk deer (Moschus spp.) and is distributed in Southwest China. Akin to other musk deer, the forest musk deer has been traditionally and is currently hunted for its musk (i.e., global perfume industry). Considerable hunting pressure and habitat loss have caused significant population declines. Consequently, the Chinese government commenced captive breeding programs for musk harvesting in the 1950s. However, the prevalence of fatal diseases is considerably restricting population increases. Disease severity and extent are exacerbated by inbreeding and genetic diversity declines in captive musk deer populations. It is essential that knowledge of captive and wild forest musk deer populations' immune system and genome be gained in order to improve their physical and genetic health. We have thus sequenced the whole genome of the forest musk deer, completed the genomic assembly and annotation, and performed preliminary bioinformatic analyses. Findings A total of 407 Gb raw reads from whole-genome sequencing were generated using the Illumina HiSeq 4000 platform. The final genome assembly is around 2.72 Gb, with a contig N50 length of 22.6 kb and a scaffold N50 length of 2.85 Mb. We identified 24,352 genes and found that 42.05% of the genome is composed of repetitive elements. We also detected 1,236 olfactory receptor genes. The genome-wide phylogenetic tree indicated that the forest musk deer was within the order Artiodactyla, and it appeared as the sister clade of four members of Bovidae. In total, 576 genes were under positive selection in the forest musk deer lineage. Conclusions We provide the first genome sequence and gene annotation for the forest musk deer. The availability of these resources will be very useful for the conservation and captive breeding of this endangered and economically important species and for reconstructing the evolutionary history of the order Artiodactyla.

Methods of preservation and flotation for the detection of nematode eggs and coccidian oocysts in faeces of the forest musk deer.

Abstract: Parasitic infections influence the health of captive forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) and affect population increases. Nevertheless, there are few quantitative studies regarding forest musk deer parasites, and there is no common preservation method or flotation solution used for detection of faecal parasites because of the biology of the worms and the host physiological state. The objective of this study was to evaluate preservation and flotation methods for the detection of nematode eggs and coccidian oocysts in faeces of the forest musk deer. The McMaster technique was used to count nematode eggs and coccidian oocysts in 33 samples of faeces. For the nematode eggs, the differences among flotation solutions were significant (P< 0.01), with sodium nitrate being the best flotation solution, and the combination of freezing and sodium nitrate resulted in the greatest number of eggs per gram (EPG = 209.4 ± 67.8). For the coccidian oocysts, the interaction between preservation method and flotation solution was significant (P< 0.01), and the combination of formalin and sodium chloride yielded the greatest number of oocysts per gram (OPG = 1010.7 ± 162.3). The forest musk deer had a high prevalence of parasitic infections, with the parasite load of coccidia (96.4%) significantly greater than that of nematodes (71.9%, P< 0.01). These results confirm that captive forest musk deer suffer from serious parasitic invasions and demonstrate that the novel method described here could be utilized for parasitological diagnosis, detection and prevention in species of Moschidae and Cervidae.