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Xiafu Shi

Bio: Xiafu Shi is an academic researcher from University of Oxford. The author has contributed to research in topics: Fouling & Membrane fouling. The author has an hindex of 2, co-authored 2 publications receiving 486 citations.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a review summarises the known facts about the fouling processes and cleaning procedures and details of the most successful physical and chemical cleaning combinations for one-stage and multi-stage UF membrane cleaning.
Abstract: Ultrafiltration (UF) is one of the best options for both one-stage and as part of multi-stage water and wastewater purification. This review summarises the known facts about the fouling processes and cleaning procedures and details of the most successful physical and chemical cleaning combinations. The optimum cleaning is closely linked to the nature of the fouling. Precise knowledge of both the fouling type (organic, inorganic, or biological) and the fouling mechanism (gel formation, adsorption, deposition, pore blockage, or cake formation) is the key to success in UF membrane cleaning.

588 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review of mixed-feed fouling studies for microfiltration and ultra-filtration systems for water purification is presented in this paper, with an emphasis on micro-filtering systems.
Abstract: Fouling is, and will remain, a significant problem in membrane filtration. Most previous fouling studies have determined the effects caused by a single type of foulant. However, in many water purification applications, the feed solutions are often complex, containing multiple foulant types. Existing analyses based on the contribution of individual foulant types do not suffice to explain the complex interactions which occur during mixed-feed fouling behaviour. This article presents a review of fouling studies for feeds containing a mixture of foulant types, with an emphasis on microfiltration and ultrafiltration systems for water purification. Two types of mixed-feed fouling systems are considered: mixtures of different types of macromolecules (such as NOM and polysaccharides); and mixtures of macromolecular and colloidal particles (such as kaolinite). The presence of metallic ions and organic solutes is also considered. Macromolecular adsorption often initiates the fouling, and leads to irreversible flux ...

32 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Feb 2017
TL;DR: A review of membrane filtration, ion exchange, ion-exchange, adsorption, chemical precipitation, nanotechnology treatments, electrochemical and advanced oxidation processes are discussed in this article.
Abstract: Heavy metals like arsenic, copper, cadmium, chromium, nickel, zinc, lead, and mercury are major pollutants of fresh water reservoirs because of their toxic, non-biodegradable, and persistent nature. The industrial growth is the major source of heavy metals introducing such pollutants into different segments of the environment including air, water, soil, and biosphere. Heavy metals are easily absorbed by fishes and vegetables due to their high solubility in the aquatic environments. Hence, they may accumulate in the human body by means of the food chain. Various methods have been developed and used for water and wastewater treatment to decrease heavy metal concentrations. These technologies include membrane filtration, ion-exchange, adsorption, chemical precipitation, nanotechnology treatments, electrochemical and advanced oxidation processes. In this review, the methods as well as their mechanisms and efficiency are discussed.

724 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a review summarises the known facts about the fouling processes and cleaning procedures and details of the most successful physical and chemical cleaning combinations for one-stage and multi-stage UF membrane cleaning.
Abstract: Ultrafiltration (UF) is one of the best options for both one-stage and as part of multi-stage water and wastewater purification. This review summarises the known facts about the fouling processes and cleaning procedures and details of the most successful physical and chemical cleaning combinations. The optimum cleaning is closely linked to the nature of the fouling. Precise knowledge of both the fouling type (organic, inorganic, or biological) and the fouling mechanism (gel formation, adsorption, deposition, pore blockage, or cake formation) is the key to success in UF membrane cleaning.

588 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present review is dedicated to the problematic of IEM fouling phenomena, which includes the methods of fouling visualization and characterization as well as methods allowing investigations of characteristics of the fouled IEMs.

294 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review of the implementation of membrane technology for produced water treatment could contribute to the knowledge required for the increased introduction of scaled-up membrane technology in the petroleum industry as discussed by the authors, which encompasses the capabilities and performance optimization possibilities of microfiltration, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration membranes.
Abstract: This review provides insight into the implementation of membrane technology in the petroleum industry for treating produced water that is generated from conventional oilfields in upstream and downstream processes. The ever-evolving and increasingly stringent regulatory standards for discharging produced water pose colossal environmental and economic implications because the bulk of this produced water is disposed into the environment. Thus, a review of the implementation of membrane technology for produced water treatment could contribute to the knowledge required for the increased introduction of scaled-up membrane technology in the petroleum industry. This review encompasses the capabilities and performance optimization possibilities of microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis membranes. The level of applications that these membrane technologies might attain within the petroleum industry were determined, and these implementations were correlated with the purpose, performance efficiency, treatment system configurations, necessary pretreatment procedures, quality of treated produced water, fouling occurrence and control, foulants, cleaning procedures, raw produced water content, potential challenges with corresponding applied solutions, and economic factors. This review also maps current and future trends and provides a perspective on the outlook for advances in novel membrane applications for produced water treatment.

288 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review article as mentioned in this paper summarizes the cellulose, processing methods for nanocellulose, techniques used for chemical modification of cellulose surface and consequently its application as reinforcement in polymeric materials.

204 citations