scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Author

Xiaogang Liu

Bio: Xiaogang Liu is an academic researcher from National University of Singapore. The author has contributed to research in topics: Medicine & Photon upconversion. The author has an hindex of 94, co-authored 425 publications receiving 41825 citations. Previous affiliations of Xiaogang Liu include Heilongjiang University & Massachusetts Institute of Technology.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The mechanistic investigation revealed that energy-band matching is the major factor in the observed enhancement of photocatalytic activity.
Abstract: Heterostructures play an important role not only in the manufacture of semiconductor devices, but also in the field of catalysis. Herein, we report the synthesis of PdO/TiO2 and Pd/TiO2 heterostructured nanobelts by means of a simple co-precipitation method, followed by a reduction process using surface-modified TiO2 nanobelts as templates. The as-obtained heterostructures were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. PdO and Pd nanoparticles with a size of about 1.3 and 1.6 nm were assembled uniformly on the surface of TiO2 nanobelts, respectively. Compared with TiO2 nanobelts, PdO/TiO2 and Pd/TiO2 hybrid nanobelts exhibit enhanced photocatalytic activity upon UV and visible-light irradiation. Photoelectrochemical technology was used to study the heterostructure effect on enhanced photocatalytic activity. Our mechanistic investigation revealed that energy-band matching is the major factor in the observed enhancement of photocatalytic activity.

57 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Two unique autoredox routes are developed to the fabrication of CeO2 -encapsulated Au nanocatalysts and the transfer coupling of nitrobenzene is chosen as a probe reaction to investigate their catalytic difference.
Abstract: Due to the obvious distinctions in structure, core-shell nanostructures (CSNs) and yolk-shell nanostructures (YSNs) exhibit different catalytic behavior for specific organic reactions. In this work, two unique autoredox routes are developed to the fabrication of CeO2 -encapsulated Au nanocatalysts. Route A is the synthesis of well-defined CSNs by a one-step redox reaction. The process involves an interesting phenomenon in which Ce3+ can act as a weak acid to inhibit the hydrolysis of Ce4+ under the condition of OH- shortage. Route B is the fabrication of monodispersed YSNs by a two-step redox reaction with amorphous Co3 O4 as an in situ template. Furthermore, the transfer coupling of nitrobenzene is chosen as a probe reaction to investigate their catalytic difference. The CSNs can gradually achieve the conversion of nitrobenzene into azoxybenzene, while the YSNs can rapidly convert nitrobenzene into azobenzene. The different catalytic results are mainly attributed to their structural distinctions.

56 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A nanoparticle‐embedding MN system that contains a dissolvable hyaluronic acid (HA) matrix and mesoporous silica‐coated upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs@mSiO2) shell is introduced that is used to deliver molecular beacons and siRNA targeting transforming growth factor‐beta type I receptor that is potentially used for abnormal scar treatment.
Abstract: Microneedles (MNs) permit the delivery of nucleic acids like small interfering RNA (siRNA) through the stratum corneum and subsequently into the skin tissue. However, skin penetration is only the first step in successful implementation of siRNA therapy. These delivered siRNAs need to be resistant to enzymatic degradation, enter target cells, and escape the endosome-lysosome degradation axis. To address this challenge, this article introduces a nanoparticle-embedding MN system that contains a dissolvable hyaluronic acid (HA) matrix and mesoporous silica-coated upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs@mSiO2 ). The mesoporous silica (mSiO2 ) shell is used to load and protect siRNA while the upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) core allows the tracking of MN skin penetration and NP diffusion through upconversion luminescence imaging or optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. Once inserted into the skin, the HA matrix dissolves and UCNPs@mSiO2 diffuse in the skin tissue before entering the cells for delivering the loaded genes. As a proof of concept, this system is used to deliver molecular beacons (MBs) and siRNA targeting transforming growth factor-beta type I receptor (TGF-βRI) that is potentially used for abnormal scar treatment.

53 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: The first genome-wide association study of hip BS interrogating ∼380,000 SNPs on the Affymetrix platform in 1,000 homogeneous unrelated Caucasian subjects suggests that PLCL1 is a novel gene associated with variation in hip BS, and provides new insights into the pathogenesis of HF.

53 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This unique Ex-De CPL mechanism of the metal complex double salts opens a new avenue for the development of smart photoluminescence materials by manipulating noncovalent metal···metal interactions.
Abstract: Materials exhibiting excitation wavelength-dependent photoluminescence (Ex-De PL) in the visible region have potential applications in bioimaging, optoelectronics and anti-counterfeiting. Two multifunctional, chiral [Au(NHC)2 ][Au(CN)2 ] (NHC=(4R,5R)/(4S,5S)-1,3-dimethyl-4,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-imidazolin-2-ylidene) complex double salts display Ex-De circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) in doped polymer films and in ground powder. Emission maxima can be dynamically tuned from 440 to 530 nm by changing the excitation wavelength. The continuously tunable photoluminescence is proposed to originate from multiple emissive excited states as a result of the existence of varied AuI ⋅⋅⋅AuI distances in ground state. The steric properties of the NHC ligand are crucial to the tuning of AuI ⋅⋅⋅AuI distances. An anti-counterfeiting application using these two salts is demonstrated.

53 citations


Cited by
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI

[...]

08 Dec 2001-BMJ
TL;DR: There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one, which seems an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.
Abstract: There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality. Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

33,785 citations

28 Jul 2005
TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
Abstract: 抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1(PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员,通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

18,940 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
08 Jun 2001-Science
TL;DR: Room-temperature ultraviolet lasing in semiconductor nanowire arrays has been demonstrated and self-organized, <0001> oriented zinc oxide nanowires grown on sapphire substrates were synthesized with a simple vapor transport and condensation process.
Abstract: Room-temperature ultraviolet lasing in semiconductor nanowire arrays has been demonstrated The self-organized, oriented zinc oxide nanowires grown on sapphire substrates were synthesized with a simple vapor transport and condensation process These wide band-gap semiconductor nanowires form natural laser cavities with diameters varying from 20 to 150 nanometers and lengths up to 10 micrometers Under optical excitation, surface-emitting lasing action was observed at 385 nanometers, with an emission linewidth less than 03 nanometer The chemical flexibility and the one-dimensionality of the nanowires make them ideal miniaturized laser light sources These short-wavelength nanolasers could have myriad applications, including optical computing, information storage, and microanalysis

8,592 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Physical structure is known to contribute to the appearance of bird plumage through structural color and specular reflection, but a third mechanism, structural absorption, leads to low reflectance and super black color in birds of paradise feathers.
Abstract: Many studies have shown how pigments and internal nanostructures generate color in nature. External surface structures can also influence appearance, such as by causing multiple scattering of light (structural absorption) to produce a velvety, super black appearance. Here we show that feathers from five species of birds of paradise (Aves: Paradisaeidae) structurally absorb incident light to produce extremely low-reflectance, super black plumages. Directional reflectance of these feathers (0.05-0.31%) approaches that of man-made ultra-absorbent materials. SEM, nano-CT, and ray-tracing simulations show that super black feathers have titled arrays of highly modified barbules, which cause more multiple scattering, resulting in more structural absorption, than normal black feathers. Super black feathers have an extreme directional reflectance bias and appear darkest when viewed from the distal direction. We hypothesize that structurally absorbing, super black plumage evolved through sensory bias to enhance the perceived brilliance of adjacent color patches during courtship display.

5,916 citations