There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Room-temperature ultraviolet lasing in semiconductor nanowire arrays has been demonstrated The self-organized, oriented zinc oxide nanowires grown on sapphire substrates were synthesized with a simple vapor transport and condensation process These wide band-gap semiconductor nanowires form natural laser cavities with diameters varying from 20 to 150 nanometers and lengths up to 10 micrometers Under optical excitation, surface-emitting lasing action was observed at 385 nanometers, with an emission linewidth less than 03 nanometer The chemical flexibility and the one-dimensionality of the nanowires make them ideal miniaturized laser light sources These short-wavelength nanolasers could have myriad applications, including optical computing, information storage, and microanalysis

Room-temperature ultraviolet nanowire nanolasers

Many studies have shown how pigments and internal nanostructures generate color in nature. External surface structures can also influence appearance, such as by causing multiple scattering of light (structural absorption) to produce a velvety, super black appearance. Here we show that feathers from five species of birds of paradise (Aves: Paradisaeidae) structurally absorb incident light to produce extremely low-reflectance, super black plumages. Directional reflectance of these feathers (0.05-0.31%) approaches that of man-made ultra-absorbent materials. SEM, nano-CT, and ray-tracing simulations show that super black feathers have titled arrays of highly modified barbules, which cause more multiple scattering, resulting in more structural absorption, than normal black feathers. Super black feathers have an extreme directional reflectance bias and appear darkest when viewed from the distal direction. We hypothesize that structurally absorbing, super black plumage evolved through sensory bias to enhance the perceived brilliance of adjacent color patches during courtship display.

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Structural absorption by barbule microstructures of super black bird of paradise feathers

Computational simulations of macrocycle-encapsulated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and C60 are reported. A molecular mechanical force field method has been used to calculate the physical properties of these complexes. The calculation shows that the macrocycle-encapsulated SWNTs and C60 are more stable than free SWNTs and C60. When macrocycles are bound to SWNTs, energetically stable well regions have been observed. The energetic and dipolar changes of an armchair SWNT upon binding by a macrocycle are different from those of a zigzag SWNT. SWNTs with pentagon−heptagon defects are compared with normal SWNTs. Calculated large energetic stabilization in a water environment suggests that wrapping inorganic macrocycles around SWNTs can promote the solubility of SWNTs.

Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and C60 Encapsulated by a Molecular Macrocycle

Persistent luminescence phosphors can be dispersed in various medium and have been widely used in commercial products, including luminous paints, watch dials, fire safety signs and glow-in-the-dark toys. Additionally, the use of persistent luminescence nanomaterials as highly sensitive luminescent probes for real-time bioimaging attracts a growing attention since 2007. In this chapter, we will briefly introduce industrial applications of persistent luminescence in safety signs, luminous fiber, artwork, as well as the rising use as bioprobe in bioimaging and molecular sensing.

Applications of Inorganic Afterglow Phosphors

Bildung dimetallischer Nanopartikel durch kinetische Kontrolle

Solar-driven photocatalysis holds great potential for energy conversion, environmental remediation, and sustainable chemistry. However, practical applications of conventional photocatalytic systems have been constrained by their insufficient ability to harvest solar radiation in the infrared spectrum. Lanthanide-doped upconversion materials possess high photostability, tunable absorption, and the ability to convert low-energy infrared radiation into high-energy emission, making them attractive for infrared-driven photocatalysis. This review highlights essential principles for rational design of efficient photocatalysts. Particular emphasis is placed on current state-of-the-arts that offer enhanced upconversion luminescence efficiency. We also summarize recent advances in lanthanide-doped upconversion materials for photocatalysis. We conclude with new challenges and prospects for future developments of infrared-driven photocatalysts.

Xiaogang Liu

Papers

Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and C60 Encapsulated by a Molecular Macrocycle

Applications of Inorganic Afterglow Phosphors

Bildung dimetallischer Nanopartikel durch kinetische Kontrolle

Multiphoton Upconversion Materials for Photocatalysis and Environmental Remediation.

Inside Cover: Multicolor Tuning of (Ln, P)‐Doped YVO4 Nanoparticles by Single‐Wavelength Excitation (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 5/2008)