Xiaogang Liu

Bio: Xiaogang Liu is an academic researcher from National University of Singapore. The author has contributed to research in topics: Medicine & Photon upconversion. The author has an hindex of 94, co-authored 425 publications receiving 41825 citations. Previous affiliations of Xiaogang Liu include Heilongjiang University & Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

The screening of drug-induced nephrotoxicity using gold nanocluster-based ratiometric fluorescent probes.

Abstract: Herbal medicines are potential candidates for the treatment of various diseases, but their medication safety remains poorly regulated. Current screening methods for the herbal medicine-induced nephrotoxic effects include histological and serological assessments, which often fail to reflect the kidney dysfunction instantly. Here we report a ratiometric fluorescence approach for the rapid and facile screening of drug-induced acute kidney injury using chromophore-modified gold nanoclusters. These gold nanoclusters are highly sensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS), with a detection limit of 14 nM for ˙OH. After passing through the glomerular filtration barrier, the gold nanocluster-based probes can quantify the fluctuation of the ROS level in the kidneys and evaluate the risk of drug-induced nephrotoxicity. We further employed nephrotoxic triptolide as the model drug and the screening of drug-induced early renal injury was demonstrated using the nanoprobes, which is unattainable by conventional diagnostic approaches. Our fluorescent probes also allow the identification of other nephrotoxic components from herbal medicine such as aristolochine, providing a high-throughput strategy for the screening of herbal supplement-induced nephrotoxicity.

Inorganic Long Persistent Phosphor

Abstract: Inorganic long afterglow phosphors have attracted intense attension due to their high emission intensity and long afterglow time. In this chapter, the classification and synthetic methods of in organic long afterglow phosphor were described in detail. Then, their optical properties and commercially available ones were introduced. The Factors affecting their afterglow properties were also discussed to clarify how to obtain inorganic phosphors with promising properties. The application of inorganic long afterglow phosphors usually need surface modification of them. Hence, the surface modification strategy of the phosphors were also discussed.

I and i

Abstract: There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality. Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Abstract: 抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

Room-temperature ultraviolet nanowire nanolasers

Abstract: Room-temperature ultraviolet lasing in semiconductor nanowire arrays has been demonstrated The self-organized, oriented zinc oxide nanowires grown on sapphire substrates were synthesized with a simple vapor transport and condensation process These wide band-gap semiconductor nanowires form natural laser cavities with diameters varying from 20 to 150 nanometers and lengths up to 10 micrometers Under optical excitation, surface-emitting lasing action was observed at 385 nanometers, with an emission linewidth less than 03 nanometer The chemical flexibility and the one-dimensionality of the nanowires make them ideal miniaturized laser light sources These short-wavelength nanolasers could have myriad applications, including optical computing, information storage, and microanalysis

Structural absorption by barbule microstructures of super black bird of paradise feathers

Abstract: Many studies have shown how pigments and internal nanostructures generate color in nature. External surface structures can also influence appearance, such as by causing multiple scattering of light (structural absorption) to produce a velvety, super black appearance. Here we show that feathers from five species of birds of paradise (Aves: Paradisaeidae) structurally absorb incident light to produce extremely low-reflectance, super black plumages. Directional reflectance of these feathers (0.05-0.31%) approaches that of man-made ultra-absorbent materials. SEM, nano-CT, and ray-tracing simulations show that super black feathers have titled arrays of highly modified barbules, which cause more multiple scattering, resulting in more structural absorption, than normal black feathers. Super black feathers have an extreme directional reflectance bias and appear darkest when viewed from the distal direction. We hypothesize that structurally absorbing, super black plumage evolved through sensory bias to enhance the perceived brilliance of adjacent color patches during courtship display.