Although silicon (Si) has not been recognized as an essential element for plant growth, the beneficial effects of Si have been observed in a wide variety of plant species. The beneficial effects of Si are usually expressed more clearly in Si-accumulating plants under various abiotic and biotic stress conditions. Silicon is effective in controlling various pests and diseases caused by both fungi and bacteria in different plant species. Silicon also exerts alleviative effects on various abiotic stresses including salt stress, metal toxicity, drought stress, radiation damage, nutrient imbalance, high temperature, freezing and so on. These beneficial effects are mainly attributed to the high accumulation of silica on the tissue stirface although other mechanisms have also been proposed. To obtain plants resistant to multiple stresses, genetic modification of the root ability to take up Si has been proposed. In this review, the role of Si in conferring resistance to mutiple stresses is described.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00380768.2004.10408447

Role of silicon in enhancing the resistance of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses

Plant pathogens in irrigation water were recognized early in the last century as a significant crop health issue. This issue has increased greatly in scope and degree of impact since that time and it will continue to be a problem as agriculture increasingly depends on the use of recycled water. Plant pathogens detected from water resources include 17 species of Phytophthora, 26 of Pythium, 27 genera of fungi, 8 species of bacteria, 10 viruses, and 13 species of plant parasitic nematodes. There is substantial evidence demonstrating that contaminated irrigation water is a primary, if not the sole, source of inoculum for Phytophthora diseases of numerous nursery, fruit, and vegetable crops. These findings pose great challenges and opportunities to the plant pathology community. A variety of water treatment methods are available but few have been assessed for agricultural purposes under commercial conditions. Investigations into their technical feasibility and economics are urgently needed. Aquatic ecology of...

/pdf/plant-pathogens-in-irrigation-water-challenges-and-1fbsd6qc3n.pdf

Plant Pathogens in Irrigation Water: Challenges and Opportunities

https://www.fabinet.up.ac.za/publication/pdfs/36-crous_et_al_2006_how_many_fungi2.pdf

How many species of fungi are there at the tip of Africa

A number of important crops grown in Southeast Asia, such as cocoa, durian, rubber, coconut, pepper, potato and citrus, are susceptible to different species of Phytophthora . In this chapter, we give some background on a range of crops troubled by phytophthora and discuss the economic impact of phytophthora diseases in the region. Our assessment indicates that the economic damage on the seven crops above in the five Southeast Asian countries may be as high as 2.3 billion US dollars annually.

Diversity and Management of Phytophthora in Southeast Asia

Bacteria in Agrobiology: Disease Management

/pdf/pythium-spp-noxuan-ze-fen-li-pei-di-4kjmvokz8s.pdf

幸二景山

Papers

Pythium spp.の選択分離培地

幸二 景山

Papers

Pythium spp.の選択分離培地

幸二景山