Y. R. Chadha

Bio: Y. R. Chadha is an academic researcher. The author has an hindex of 2, co-authored 2 publication(s) receiving 3604 citation(s).

Prospects and potential of fatty acid methyl esters of some non-traditional seed oils for use as biodiesel in India

Abstract: Fatty acid profiles of seed oils of 75 plant species having 30% or more fixed oil in their seed/kernel were examined. Saponification number (SN), iodine value (IV) and cetane number (CN) of fatty acid methyl esters of oils were empirically determined and they varied from 169.2 to 312.5, 4.8 to 212 and 20.56 to 67.47, respectively. Fatty acid compositions, IV and CN were used to predict the quality of fatty acid methyl esters of oil for use as biodiesel. Fatty acid methyl ester of oils of 26 species including Azadirachta indica, Calophyllum inophyllum, Jatropha curcas and Pongamia pinnata were found most suitable for use as biodiesel and they meet the major specification of biodiesel standards of USA, Germany and European Standard Organization. The fatty acid methyl esters of another 11 species meet the specification of biodiesel standard of USA only. These selected plants have great potential for biodiesel.

Phytochemistry of the genus Piper

Abstract: The secondary metabolites isolated from Piper species for the period 1907 to June 1996 have been reviewed. Nearly six hundred chemical constituents belonging to different classes of bioactive compounds are listed together with their source(s) and references. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd

Inhibitory Effect of Curcumin, Chlorogenic Acid, Caffeic Acid, and Ferulic Acid on Tumor Promotion in Mouse Skin by 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate

Abstract: The effects of topically applied curcumin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid on 12- O -tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity, epidermal DNA synthesis, and the promotion of skin tumors were evaluated in female CD-1 mice. Topical application of 0.5, 1, 3, or 10 µmol of curcumin inhibited by 31, 46, 84, or 98%, respectively, the induction of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity by 5 nmol of TPA. In an additional study, the topical application of 10 µmol of curcumin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, or ferulic acid inhibited by 91, 25, 42, or 46%, respectively, the induction of ornithine decarboxylase activity by 5 nmol of TPA. The topical application of 10 µmol of curcumin together with 2 or 5 nmol of TPA inhibited the TPA-dependent stimulation of the incorporation of [ 3 H]-thymidine into epidermal DNA by 49 or 29%, respectively, whereas lower doses of curcumin had little or no effect. Chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid were less effective than curcumin as inhibitors of the TPA-dependent stimulation of DNA synthesis. Topical application of 1, 3, or 10 µmol of curcumin together with 5 nmol of TPA twice weekly for 20 weeks to mice previously initiated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[ a ]anthracene inhibited the number of TPA-induced tumors per mouse by 39, 77, or 98%, respectively. Similar treatment of mice with 10 µmol of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, or ferulic acid together with 5 nmol of TPA inhibited the number of TPA-induced tumors per mouse by 60, 28, or 35%, respectively, and higher doses of the phenolic acids caused a more pronounced inhibition of tumor promotion. The possibility that curcumin could inhibit the action of arachidonic acid was evaluated by studying the effect of curcumin on arachidonic acid-induced edema of mouse ears. The topical application of 3 or 10 µmol of curcumin 30 min before the application of 1 µmol of arachidonic acid inhibited arachidonic acid-induced edema by 33 or 80%, respectively.

Nutrional value and antinutritional components of whole and ethanol extracted Moringa oleifera leaves

Abstract: Chemical constituents, organic matter digestibility, gross and metabolizable energy, rumen degradable and undegradable nitrogen, amino acid composition, digestion kinetics (leaves, their neutral-detergent fiber and cell solubles), and antinutritional factors were determined in extracted (80% aqueous ethanol; the extract is used as a source of growth promoting factors) and unextracted Moringa oleifera leaves. The metabolizable energy and organic matter digestibility predicted from the extent of fermentation in in vitro incubation were 9.2 MJ kg−1 and 75.7% for the extracted leaves and 9.5 MJ kg−1 and 74.1% for the unextracted leaves. The crude protein contents of the extracted and unextracted leaves were 43.5 and 25.1% respectively. The true protein contents of these leaves were 93.8% and 81.3% of the total crude protein (non protein nitrogen contents of 2.7 and 4.7% were observed in the extracted and unextracted leaves). In vitro rumen crude protein degradability at 24 h of incubation was 44.8 and 48.6% for the extracted and unextracted leaves. One of the factors responsible for the low rumen protein degradability could be the low solubility of the proteins (about 7 and 24% of the crude protein was soluble in phosphate buffer (pH 7, 0.05 M) for the extracted and unextracted leaves). The protein insoluble in acid-detergent fiber (ADIP; protein unavailable to animals) was 13.2 and 9.8% in ADF of the extracted and unextracted leaves respectively (absolute values of 22 g and 11 g ADIP kg−1 leaves). The protein potentially digestible in the intestine (PDI) was 50 and 47% of the total crude protein for the extracted and unextracted leaves respectively. The rate (h−1) and potential extent (ml g−1) of gas production calculated using the exponential model for the extracted and unextracted leaves were 0.0424 and 274.3, and 0.0824 and 248.5 respectively. These values for their NDF were 0.0542 and 265.8, and 0.0645 and 271.7 and for their cell solubles were 0.0338 and 286.3, and 0.089 and 242.2 respectively. M. oleifera leaves had negligible tannins; saponins content (5.0% as diosgenin equivalent) was similar to that present in soyabean meal, and trypsin inhibitors and lectins were not detected. The phytate content was 3.1%. The ethanol extracted leaves were virtually free of tannins, lectins, trypsin inhibitors and saponins, and phytate content was 2.5%. All essential amino acids including sulfur-containing amino acids were higher than adequate concentration when compared with recommended amino acid pattern of FAO/WHO/UNO reference protein for a 2 to 5-year-old child.

Passiflora: a review update.

Abstract: This review describes the morphology, microscopy, traditional and folklore uses, phyto-constituents, pharmacological reports, clinical applications and toxicological reports of the prominent species of the genus Passiflora. Flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, phenolic compounds and volatile constituents have been reported as the major phyto-constituents of the Passiflora species. A few species of Passiflora have been used for curing various ailments, the most important being Passiflora incarnata Linneaus which possesses significant CNS depressant properties. The studies performed by the authors with the newly isolated benzoflavone (BZF) moiety from P. incarnata have been discussed. In the concluding part, various virgin areas of research on the species of this genus have been highlighted with a view to explore, isolate and identify the medicinally important phyto-constituents which could be utilized to alleviate various diseases affecting the mankind.