Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle , Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی

Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle

Emphasizes the judgemental elements of interpretation in clinical pathology, hematology, clinical chemistry, and cytology. Features over 100 case histories covering all species. Each chapter, exclusive of those on technique, has a brief introduction followed by case discussions. Cases presented exemplify laboratory alterations associated with the disease affecting the system under review, and some cases can be used for self-evaluation.

Veterinary clinical pathology

An experiment was conducted with 240, 1-d-old, male broilers to investigate the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) cell components on the growth performance, meat quality, and ileal mucosa development. There were 4 dietary treatments, each consisting of 6 replicates. Whole yeast (WY), SC extract (YE), and SC cell wall (CW) were added at 0.5, 0.3, and 0.3%, respectively, to the control starter and finisher diets. From 0 to 3 wk of age, a lower feed/gain ratio (P < or = 0.05) was observed with CW, whereas the WY-fed birds at 4 to 5 wk of age showed a lower feed/gain ratio compared with the control. From 0 to 5 wk of age, WY and CW gave higher BW gains than did the control. The shear force of raw drumstick decreased in the WY treatment relative to the control, and YE and CW treatments were intermediate. The shear forces in cooked breast and drumstick in treatments WY and YE decreased when compared with the control. The amount of 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in the breast meats of WY, YE, and CW were lower than the control at 10 d of incubation. In raw drumstick meats, TBARS values were lower in treatments WY and YE than that of the control at 6 and 10 d of incubation. At 10 d of incubation, skins from YE and CW treatments had lower TBARS values than did the control. Villus height was greater in WY and CW compared with those in control and YE. No differences were found in crypt depth among the 4 treatments. The villus height/ crypt depth ratios in WY and CW were greater than those of the control and YE. It could be concluded that dietary yeast components, such as WY or CW supplementation improved growth performance. Meat tenderness could be improved by the WY or YE. Both YE and CW had oxidation-reducing effects. Yeast cell wall may improve ileal villus development.

Effects of yeast (Saccharromyces cerevisiae) cell components on growth performance, meat quality, and ileal mucosa development of broiler chicks.

Invited review: Mineral absorption mechanisms, mineral interactions that affect acid–base and antioxidant status, and diet considerations to improve mineral status

AACR Centennial Conference: Translational Cancer Medicine-- Nov 4-8, 2007; Singapore

B8 

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in Australia Environmental factors play important roles in the multiple-stage process of CRC and nutritional intervention has been reported to have a major role in its prevention Particularly, vegetables and certain plant components, have been found to possess protective effects on CRC Recently, there has been a growing research interest in rosemary, a common household plant grown in many parts of the world, & its constituents The aim of this study was to evaluate and provide an overview of scientific evidence from all studies conducted over the last decade that examined effects of rosemary on cancer The Medline and Pubmed databases were searched for studies published in English, from May 1996 to July 2007, that compared rosemay/rosemary constituents to a control Preclinical evidence from animal & cell culture studies points to the anticancer properties of rosemary extract and its constituents carnosol, carnosic acid (CA), ursolic acid (UA), and rosmarinic acid (RA) No studies have reported anticancer activity of other constituents of rosemary including caffeic acid The anticarcinogenic and anti-tumorigenic properties appear to arise through dose-related changes in a number of molecular events associated with cancer It appears that the described mechanisms are not tissue specific, as evidenced by the ability of rosemary to block tumours not only in the colon, but only in the breast, liver, stomach, melanoma and leukemia cells The results described here suggested that molecular targets modulated by rosemary and its constituents are useful indicators of success in clinical cancer chemo-prevention trials

Roesmary and cancer prevention: Preclinical perspectives

The aim of current study was to investigate the effect of different levels of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZONPs) on growth Performance, digestive organs and serum lipids concentration in broiler chickens during starter phase (121d). Three hundred one-d-old broilers (Ross- 308) were randomly divided into 5 treatments including 75 birds. All treatments were replicated 4 times, using 15 birds in each pen. The experimental diet was T1) basal diet (control, without ZONPs), T2, T3, T4 and T5 supplementation basal diet with 30, 60, 90 and 120 mg/kg of ZONPs respectively. This study was lasted 21 d and birds accessed as ad libitum to feed and water throughout research. Live body weight (LBW) and feed intake (FI) measured as weekly and feed conversion ratio (FCR) calculated at the final of research. On d 21, 4 birds in each group were selected as randomly, blood samples collected from bronchial vein and after centrifuging (3000 rpm for 15 min at 4°C), serum removed and stored in 20 °C until analysis. The results revealed that ZONPs had significantly affected on body weight gain (P 0.05), triglyceride (TG) (P>0.05) and cholesterol (P>0.05), as well as increased high density lipoproteins (HDL) (P<0.05), respectively compared to control treatment. In conclusion, ZONPs can improve growth performance especially at the levels of 30 to 90 mg/kg of diet in broiler

/pdf/the-effects-of-zinc-oxide-nanoparticles-on-performance-lckkrlyfm1.pdf

The effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on performance, digestive organs and serum lipid concentrations in broiler chickens during starter period

Article info: Received: 5 January 2013 Accepted: 18 April 2013 ABSTRACT This study was conducted to investigate the effects of using different concentrations of ginger extract (Zingiber officinale) on performance and carcass characteristics of male broiler chickens. Three hundred one-day-old commercial male broilers (Cobb-500) were randomly allocated in 20 floor pens (15 chicks each). Animals of each pen were supplemented with five different concentrations of ginger and the experiment was performed in quadruplicate. The broilers were fed a wheat-soybean meal based diet containing different concentrations of ginger extract (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1%) supplemented to drinking water. Feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were measured during 1 to 10, 11 to 21, 22 to 42 and 1 to 42 days of age. At 42 days of age, two birds from each pen were selected and after weighing and slaughtered were dissected manually. Carcass yield, liver, abdominal fat and gut weight is expressed as percentage of live body weight. The results showed that there is no significant difference in the feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio between the different treatments except the feed conversion ratio of the period 1 to 10 days of age (p<0.05). Also, different supplemented concentrations of ginger extract to drinking water of broilers influenced the carcass yield (p<0.05).

Effect of different concentrations of aqueous extract of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on performance and carcass characteristics of male broiler chickens in wheat-soybean meal based diets

This study was carried out to determination of in vitro binding capacity of wheat bran, rice bran, and perlite for Mn, Zn, Cu, and Fe. For this reason, wheat bran and rice bran were chemically analysed for moisture, protein, ash, ether extract, total carbohydrate, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, acid detergent lignin, crude fibre, cellulose, hemicelluloses, phytic acid, Non-Fiber Carbohydrate, total dietary fibre, soluble dietary fibre, insoluble dietary fibre, DF + lignin, and endogenous minerals. Mineral binding capacity of wheat bran, rice bran, and perlite for Mn, Zn, Fe, and Cu under sequential simulated physiological conditions of the stomach, small intestine, and colon was investigated and compared. Rice bran showed the highest mineral-binding capacity in small intestine for Mn, Zn, and Cu. Among the minerals, Mn exhibited the lowest percentage of binding under the simulated physiological conditions of the small intestine and the highest percentage of removing occurred in the...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09712119.2015.1124338

In vitro binding capacity of organic (wheat bran and rice bran) and inorganic (perlite) sources for Mn, Zn, Cu, and Fe

. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of in ovo feeding (IOF) of glutamine on hatchability, development of the gastrointestinal tract, growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Fertilized eggs were subjected to injections with glutamine (Gln) (10, 20, 30, 40 or 50 mg dissolved in 0.5 mL of dionized water) on day 7 of incubation. Hatchability, growth performance, carcass characteristics (carcass weight and relative weights of breast, thigh, heart, liver, gizzard, abdominal fat, intestine, pancreas and spleen) and jejunal morphometry (measurement of villus height and width and crypt depth) were determined during the experiment. The weight of newly hatched chickens was significantly greater in groups with Gln injection than in control and sham groups. But IOF caused lower hatchability than in the control group (non-injected eggs) (p

/pdf/the-effects-of-in-ovo-feeding-of-glutamine-in-broiler-359s9bvypt.pdf

The effects of in ovo feeding of glutamine in broiler breeder eggs on hatchability, development of the gastrointestinal tract, growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens

The aim of this study was to investigation the effects of in ovo injection of glucose on characters of hatching and parameters of blood in broiler chickens. 576 fertile eggs were divided to four groups; 1) control group (without injection), 2) group including 0.5 ml deionized water (sham group), 3) group including 0.5 ml glucose 20% in deionized water, 4) group including 0.5 ml glucose 25% in deionized water with four replicates per treatment and 36 eggs per replicate. After hatching, characters of hatching and concentration of blood’s glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol were determined. Results showed that control group had significantly higher percent of hatching than other groups, but group glucose 20% and 25% as compared with control group and sham group had significantly higher the weight of newly-hatched chickens (p<0.01). Amount of blood’s glucose on the first, 21st and 42nd had significant difference in group glucose 20% and 25% than other groups (p<0.01). In 21 day, group including 0.5 ml glucose 20% had higher amount of blood’s triglyceride than other groups (p<0.01), but amount of blood’s cholesterol hadn’t significant difference in broilers. In 42 day, amount of triglyceride and cholesterol hadn’t significant difference in broilers. Data Suggest, in ovo injection can be reduced hatchability and increase weight in newly-hatched chickens.

/pdf/the-effects-of-in-ovo-injection-of-glucose-on-characters-of-4yw09jle13.pdf

Yahya Ebrahimnezhad

Papers

The effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on performance, digestive organs and serum lipid concentrations in broiler chickens during starter period

Effect of different concentrations of aqueous extract of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on performance and carcass characteristics of male broiler chickens in wheat-soybean meal based diets

In vitro binding capacity of organic (wheat bran and rice bran) and inorganic (perlite) sources for Mn, Zn, Cu, and Fe

The effects of in ovo feeding of glutamine in broiler breeder eggs on hatchability, development of the gastrointestinal tract, growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens

The effects of in ovo injection of glucose on characters of hatching and parameters of blood in broiler chickens