Author
Yan Luo
Other affiliations: Oracle Corporation
Bio: Yan Luo is an academic researcher from Duke University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Biochip & Digital microfluidics. The author has an hindex of 10, co-authored 18 publications receiving 391 citations. Previous affiliations of Yan Luo include Oracle Corporation.
Papers
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TL;DR: A physical-aware system reconfiguration technique that uses sensor data at intermediate checkpoints to dynamically reconfigure the biochip and a cyberphysical resynthesis technique is used to recompute electrode-actuation sequences, thereby deriving new schedules, module placement, and droplet routing pathways, with minimum impact on the time-to-response.
Abstract: Droplet-based digital microfluidics technology has now come of age, and software-controlled biochips for healthcare applications are starting to emerge. However, today's digital microfluidic biochips suffer from the drawback that there is no feedback to the control software from the underlying hardware platform. Due to the lack of precision inherent in biochemical experiments, errors are likely during droplet manipulation; error recovery based on the repetition of experiments leads to wastage of expensive reagents and hard-to-prepare samples. By exploiting recent advances in the integration of optical detectors (sensors) into a digital microfluidics biochip, we present a physical-aware system reconfiguration technique that uses sensor data at intermediate checkpoints to dynamically reconfigure the biochip. A cyberphysical resynthesis technique is used to recompute electrode-actuation sequences, thereby deriving new schedules, module placement, and droplet routing pathways, with minimum impact on the time-to-response.
126 citations
12 Mar 2012
TL;DR: A “physical-aware” system reconfiguration technique that uses sensor data at checkpoints to dynamically reconfigure the biochip, thereby deriving new schedules, module placement, and droplet routing pathways, with minimum impact on the time-to-response.
Abstract: Droplet-based "digital" microfluidics technology has now come of age and software-controlled biochips for healthcare applications are starting to emerge. However, today's digital microfluidic biochips suffer from the drawback that there is no feedback to the control software from the underlying hardware platform. Due to the lack of precision inherent in biochemical experiments, errors are likely during droplet manipulation, but error recovery based on the repetition of experiments leads to wastage of expensive reagents and hard-to-prepare samples. By exploiting recent advances in the integration of optical detectors (sensors) in a digital microfluidics biochip, we present a "physical-aware" system reconfiguration technique that uses sensor data at checkpoints to dynamically reconfigure the biochip. A re-synthesis technique is used to recompute electrode-actuation sequences, thereby deriving new schedules, module placement, and droplet routing pathways, with minimum impact on the time-to-response.
58 citations
TL;DR: This work uses four laboratorial protocols to demonstrate that, compared to software-based methods, the proposed dictionary-based error-recovery method has low response time, and requires a simple experimental setup, and only a small amount of memory.
Abstract: A cyberphysical digital microfluidics system is an emerging technology that enables the integration of fluid-handling operations, reaction-outcome detection, and automated error recovery on a biochip. Cyberphysical biochip systems studied thus far suffer from a significant increase in reaction time for error recovery. We present a hardware-assisted method that can be implemented in real-time on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). In order to store the error dictionary in the limited memory available in the FPGA, we utilize and adapt two data compaction techniques from the literature. We use four laboratorial protocols to demonstrate that, compared to software-based methods, the proposed dictionary-based error-recovery method has low response time, and requires a simple experimental setup, and only a small amount of memory.
39 citations
TL;DR: An integrated design solution to optimize the complete PCR procedure, including DNA amplification and termination control, and an execution sequence for efficient control of PCR operations on a cyberphysical DMFB is presented.
Abstract: The amount of DNA strands available in a biological sample is a major limitation for many genomic bioanalyses. To amplify the traces of DNA strands, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is widely used for conducting subsequent experiments. Compared to conventional instruments and analyzers, the execution of PCR on a digital microfluidic biochip (DMFB) can achieve short time-to-results, low reagent consumption, rapid heating/cooling rates, and high integration of multiple processing modules. However, the PCR biochip design methods in the literature are oblivious to the inherent randomness and complexity of bioanalyses, and they do not consider the interference among the neighboring devices and the cost of droplet transportation. We present an integrated design solution to optimize the complete PCR procedure, including: 1) DNA amplification and termination control; 2) resource placement that satisfies proximity constraints; and 3) droplet transportation. Based on the sensor feedback data, a statistical model is developed to optimize and control the DNA amplification sequence in real-time on a cyberphysical biochip. Next, we present a geometric algorithm for avoiding device interference and for reducing droplet routing cost. A novel optical sensing system is deployed based on the physical visibility of droplets. Simulation results for three laboratory protocols demonstrate that the proposed design method results in a compact layout and produces an execution sequence for efficient control of PCR operations on a cyberphysical DMFB.
34 citations
05 Nov 2012
TL;DR: This work presents a hardware-assisted error-recovery method that relies on an error dictionary for rapid error recovery, and uses three laboratorial protocols to demonstrate that, compared to software-based methods, this method has less impact on response time, and requires simple experimental setup, and only a small amount of memory.
Abstract: A cyberphysical digital microfluidics system is an emerging technology that enables the integration of fluid-handling operations, reaction-outcome detection, and automated error recovery on a biochip The cyberphysical biochip system studied thus far suffers from the limitation of a significant increase in reaction time for error recovery We present a hardware-assisted error-recovery method that relies on an error dictionary for rapid error recovery The error-recovery procedure and dynamic resynthesis of a reaction, which is especially attractive for flash chemistry, can be implemented in real-time on a single-board microcontroller In order to store the error dictionary in the limited memory available in the low-cost microcontroller, we describe two compaction techniques We use three laboratorial protocols to demonstrate that, compared to software-based methods, the proposed dictionary-based error-recovery method has less impact on response time, and requires simple experimental setup, and only a small amount of memory
32 citations
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Book•
01 Jan 1982
729 citations
TL;DR: An extensive set of technical challenges are enumerated and specific applications are used to elaborate and provide insight into each specific concept in the Cyber-Physical System.
Abstract: The Cyber-Physical System (CPS) is a term describing a broad range of complex, multi-disciplinary, physically-aware next generation engineered system that integrates embedded computing technologies (cyber part) into the physical world. In order to define and understand CPS more precisely, this article presents a detailed survey of the related work, discussing the origin of CPS, the relations to other research fields, prevalent concepts, and practical applications. Further, this article enumerates an extensive set of technical challenges and uses specific applications to elaborate and provide insight into each specific concept. CPS is a very broad research area and therefore has diverse applications spanning different scales. Additionally, the next generation technologies are expected to play an important role on CPS research. All of CPS applications need to be designed considering the cutting-edge technologies, necessary system-level requirements, and overall impact on the real world.
263 citations
TL;DR: This technology has emerged as a new tool for many recently used applications in molecular detection, imaging, drug delivery, diagnostics, cell biology and other fields.
Abstract: Droplet-based microfluidics is a colloidal and interfacial system that has rapidly progressed in the past decade because of the advantages of low fabrication costs, small sample volumes, reduced analysis durations, high-throughput analysis with exceptional sensitivity, enhanced operational flexibility, and facile automation. This technology has emerged as a new tool for many recently used applications in molecular detection, imaging, drug delivery, diagnostics, cell biology and other fields. Herein, we review recent applications of droplet microfluidics proposed since 2013.
151 citations
TL;DR: A physical-aware system reconfiguration technique that uses sensor data at intermediate checkpoints to dynamically reconfigure the biochip and a cyberphysical resynthesis technique is used to recompute electrode-actuation sequences, thereby deriving new schedules, module placement, and droplet routing pathways, with minimum impact on the time-to-response.
Abstract: Droplet-based digital microfluidics technology has now come of age, and software-controlled biochips for healthcare applications are starting to emerge. However, today's digital microfluidic biochips suffer from the drawback that there is no feedback to the control software from the underlying hardware platform. Due to the lack of precision inherent in biochemical experiments, errors are likely during droplet manipulation; error recovery based on the repetition of experiments leads to wastage of expensive reagents and hard-to-prepare samples. By exploiting recent advances in the integration of optical detectors (sensors) into a digital microfluidics biochip, we present a physical-aware system reconfiguration technique that uses sensor data at intermediate checkpoints to dynamically reconfigure the biochip. A cyberphysical resynthesis technique is used to recompute electrode-actuation sequences, thereby deriving new schedules, module placement, and droplet routing pathways, with minimum impact on the time-to-response.
126 citations