The chemistry of graphene oxide is discussed in this critical review Particular emphasis is directed toward the synthesis of graphene oxide, as well as its structure Graphene oxide as a substrate for a variety of chemical transformations, including its reduction to graphene-like materials, is also discussed This review will be of value to synthetic chemists interested in this emerging field of materials science, as well as those investigating applications of graphene who would find a more thorough treatment of the chemistry of graphene oxide useful in understanding the scope and limitations of current approaches which utilize this material (91 references)

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The chemistry of graphene oxide

There is intense interest in graphene in fields such as physics, chemistry, and materials science, among others. Interest in graphene's exceptional physical properties, chemical tunability, and potential for applications has generated thousands of publications and an accelerating pace of research, making review of such research timely. Here is an overview of the synthesis, properties, and applications of graphene and related materials (primarily, graphite oxide and its colloidal suspensions and materials made from them), from a materials science perspective.

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Graphene and Graphene Oxide: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

The richness of optical and electronic properties of graphene attracts enormous interest. Graphene has high mobility and optical transparency, in addition to flexibility, robustness and environmental stability. So far, the main focus has been on fundamental physics and electronic devices. However, we believe its true potential lies in photonics and optoelectronics, where the combination of its unique optical and electronic properties can be fully exploited, even in the absence of a bandgap, and the linear dispersion of the Dirac electrons enables ultrawideband tunability. The rise of graphene in photonics and optoelectronics is shown by several recent results, ranging from solar cells and light-emitting devices to touch screens, photodetectors and ultrafast lasers. Here we review the state-of-the-art in this emerging field.

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Graphene photonics and optoelectronics

Supercapacitors, also called ultracapacitors or electrochemical capacitors, store electrical charge on high-surface-area conducting materials. Their widespread use is limited by their low energy storage density and relatively high effective series resistance. Using chemical activation of exfoliated graphite oxide, we synthesized a porous carbon with a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of up to 3100 square meters per gram, a high electrical conductivity, and a low oxygen and hydrogen content. This sp 2 -bonded carbon has a continuous three-dimensional network of highly curved, atom-thick walls that form primarily 0.6- to 5-nanometer-width pores. Two-electrode supercapacitor cells constructed with this carbon yielded high values of gravimetric capacitance and energy density with organic and ionic liquid electrolytes. The processes used to make this carbon are readily scalable to industrial levels.

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Carbon-based Supercapacitors Produced by Activation of Graphene

Since the discovery of mechanically exfoliated graphene in 2004, research on ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials has grown exponentially in the fields of condensed matter physics, material science, chemistry, and nanotechnology. Highlighting their compelling physical, chemical, electronic, and optical properties, as well as their various potential applications, in this Review, we summarize the state-of-art progress on the ultrathin 2D nanomaterials with a particular emphasis on their recent advances. First, we introduce the unique advances on ultrathin 2D nanomaterials, followed by the description of their composition and crystal structures. The assortments of their synthetic methods are then summarized, including insights on their advantages and limitations, alongside some recommendations on suitable characterization techniques. We also discuss in detail the utilization of these ultrathin 2D nanomaterials for wide ranges of potential applications among the electronics/optoelectronics, electrocat...

Recent Advances in Ultrathin Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials

The invention relates to a super capacitor which uses a single-layer graphite material as an electrode material. The super capacitor comprises an electrode plate, an electrolyte and a membrane, wherein the electrode plate is prepared by a bubble nickel connecting plate of single-layer graphite which contains active substances, the quality content of the active substance single-layer graphite is 2to 30wt percent of the quality of a collecting electrode plate, and the single-layer graphite is a soluble single-layer graphite oxide material or an annealed or reductive single-layer graphite material. Compared with the traditional super capacitor which uses active carbon as the electrode material, the super capacitor of the invention saves power resources; compared with the super capacitor which uses a carbon nano tube as the electrode material, the super capacitor of the invention has low cost and good performance and has higher specific capacitance and high energy density (which can reach 50Whkg ), and the specific power of the super capacitor can reach as higher as 40kWkg .

Super capacitor using mono-layer graphite as electrode material

The invention provides a method for carrying out automatic powder charging by rapidly positioning a blast hole under a shaft and belongs to the technical field of mine blasting. According to the method, the movement of a powder charging mechanical arm is controlled by a structured light visual system and holes can be aligned automatically; the hole alignment precision is high and automatic positioning from one blast hole to another blast hole can be finished. The method comprises the following steps: determining a working field coordinate system; selecting a blast hole P1 needing to be positioned to finish hole alignment and powder charging work of the blast hole P1; automatically positioning a second blast hole P2 to finish the hole alignment and powder charging work of the blast hole P2; finishing the hole alignment and powder charging work of a third blast hole P3 and a fourth blast hole P4 by referring the hole alignment and powder charging step of the second blast hole P2; calculating a transformational matrix from a blast hole coordinate system to a mechanical arm base coordinate system according to a corresponding relation of position vectors of the four blast holes by the structured light visual system; revising the transformational matrix and utilizing the revised transformational matrix to position subsequent blast holes.

Method for carrying out automatic powder charging by rapidly positioning blast hole under shaft

The invention relates to a monolayer graphite oxide and water-soluble polymer reinforced composite material and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises a concrete step of filling a water-soluble polymer matrix with monolayer graphite oxide material, wherein the weight proportion is 0.1 to 20 percent of the monolayer graphite oxide and 99.9 to 80 percent of the water-soluble polymer matrix material. The preparation method is characterized by utilizing the excellent mechanical properties, large length-diameter ratio and good water dispersity of the monolayer graphite oxide to prepare the reinforced water-soluble polymer composite material. As a solvent used in the process of preparing the composite material is mainly water, the preparation method is friendly to environment, simple in process and easy to popularize and apply.

Mono-layer graphite oxide and water-soluble high molecule reinforced compound material

The invention relates to a functional monolayer graphite and polyurethane photo shape memory composite material and a preparation method thereof. The material is made by taking the functional monolayer graphite and the substrate material polyurethane as raw materials, and the functional monolayer graphite accounts for 0.1-10% of the weight of the substrate material polyurethane. The dissolved dispersion of the functional monolayer graphite obtained by ultrasonic treatment is fully mixed with the dissolved dispersion of the polyurethane, stirred for 20-30min, ultrasonically treated again for 1-3 hours to cause the functional monolayer graphite material to be dispersed in the polyurethane, the mixture obtained is spin-coated or cast to obtain a composite material reinforced film. The composite material has excellent photo shape recovery function, and the mechanical property thereof is greatly improved, wherein, the recovery ratio is 85-95%, the recovery time is 5-10s, the recovery responsive light intensity is 30-100mw/cm , and the Young's modulus is improved to 40-120%.

Functionalized single layer graphite and polyurethane photo-induced shape memory composite material and preparation thereof

The invention relates to an emulsion matrix storage box with double spirals The emulsion matrix storage box comprises an emulsion matrix storage box body, landing legs, a drive device, a support, a base, bearings, a coupler and the spirals The lower portion of the storage box body is arc, a feeding port is formed in the upper portion of the storage box body, and a discharging port is formed in the bottom of the lower arc of the storage box body The storage box body is fixed to a bottom plate through the landing legs The base is arranged in the center of the lower arc of the storage box body and connected with the storage box body through bolts The bearings are installed on the base through bolts The left spiral and the right spiral which are oppositely and coaxially arranged are arranged below the portion in the storage box body Shaft head parts of the spirals are connected with an output shaft of the drive device through the bearings on the two sides of the storage box body and the coupler The drive device is fixed to the support through bolts The support is fixed to the bottom plate through bolts The emulsion matrix storage box has the beneficial effects that the matrix left in the storage box body is greatly reduced, and the utilization rate of the emulsion matrix storage box body is increased

Yan Wang

Papers

Super capacitor using mono-layer graphite as electrode material

Method for carrying out automatic powder charging by rapidly positioning blast hole under shaft

Mono-layer graphite oxide and water-soluble high molecule reinforced compound material

Functionalized single layer graphite and polyurethane photo-induced shape memory composite material and preparation thereof

Emulsion matrix storage box with double spirals