In this study, we report the purification, cDNA cloning, and characterization of the novel growth hormone-releasing peptide, ghrelin, in the chicken (Gallus gallus). Chicken ghrelin is composed of 26 amino acids (GSSFLSPTYKNIQQQKDTRKPTARLH) and possesses 54% sequence identity with human ghrelin. The serine residue at position 3 (Ser(3)) is conserved between the chicken and mammalian species, as its acylation by either n-octanoic or n-decanoic acid. Chicken ghrelin mRNA is predominantly expressed in the stomach, where it is present in the proventriculus but absent in the gizzard. Using RT-PCR analysis, low levels of expression were also detectable in brain, lung, and intestine. Administration of chicken ghrelin increases plasma GH levels in both rats and chicks, with a potency similar to that of rat or human ghrelin. In addition, chicken ghrelin also increases plasma corticosterone levels in growing chicks at a lower dose than in mammals. The present results indicate that the stimulatory effect of ghrelin on GH secretion is evolutionarily conserved, whereas its effect on adrenal function seems to be unique in the chicken.

CHICKEN GHRELIN : PURIFICATION, cDNA CLONING AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY

Impact of Heat Stress on Meat, Egg Quality, Immunity and Fertility in Poultry and Nutritional Factors That Overcome These Effects: A Review

https://pure.sruc.ac.uk/ws/files/15263926/14882.pdf

Copper and zinc sources and levels of zinc inclusion influence growth performance, tissue trace mineral content, and carcass yield of broiler chickens.

Impact of mycogenic zinc nanoparticles on performance, behavior, immune response, and microbial load in Oreochromis niloticus.

The demand for duck meat, duck eggs, and associated products is increasing each year Classic and modern selection programs have been applied to enhance the economic traits of ducks to satisfy the requirements of consumers and enhance the incomes of producers The nutritional requirements of unselected ducks may not be adequate, however, to fulfill the potential productivity performance of modern birds, including both meat-type and egg-type ducks In particular, an imbalanced diet is associated with low productive performance and signs of nutritional deficiency (if insufficient nutrients are supplied), as well as with high feed costs and manure problems that reflect flock health and welfare (if excessive nutrients are supplied) Thus, the main aim of this review is to summarize the results of previous studies that estimated the nutrient requirements of meat-type and egg-type ducks in order to evaluate current knowledge and to identify further issues that need to be addressed In addition, the results obtained in previous studies are compared in order to understand how to lower commercial feed costs, fulfill the genetic potential of selected ducks, protect the environment from pollution, and satisfy the welfare and health needs of ducks

/pdf/nutritional-requirements-of-meat-type-and-egg-type-ducks-3qi76edksq.pdf

Nutritional requirements of meat-type and egg-type ducks: what do we know?

Manganese supplementation enhances the synthesis of glycosaminoglycan in eggshell membrane: A strategy to improve eggshell quality in laying hens

Effect of dietary supplementation of organic or inorganic zinc on carbonic anhydrase activity in eggshell formation and quality of aged laying hens.

Effect of dietary supplementation of organic or inorganic manganese on eggshell quality, ultrastructure, and components in laying hens.

Dietary manganese supplementation modulated mechanical and ultrastructural changes during eggshell formation in laying hens.

Differential expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes of layer chicken bursa after experimental infection with infectious bursal disease virus.

Yanhong Zhang

Papers

Manganese supplementation enhances the synthesis of glycosaminoglycan in eggshell membrane: A strategy to improve eggshell quality in laying hens

Effect of dietary supplementation of organic or inorganic zinc on carbonic anhydrase activity in eggshell formation and quality of aged laying hens.

Effect of dietary supplementation of organic or inorganic manganese on eggshell quality, ultrastructure, and components in laying hens.

Dietary manganese supplementation modulated mechanical and ultrastructural changes during eggshell formation in laying hens.

Differential expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes of layer chicken bursa after experimental infection with infectious bursal disease virus.