Showing papers by "Yi Chen published in 2004"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reported the observation of a state consistent with X(3872) decaying into J/ψπ+π-decomposition, where the observed width was consistent with the detector resolution and the results were found to be converging well with the measurements by the Belle Collaboration using b± decays.
Abstract: The observation of a state consistent with X(3872) decaying into J/ψπ+π- was reported. The X(3872) mass was measured to be 3871.3±0.7(stat)±0.4(syst)MeV/c2 from a sample of 730±90 candidates. The observed width was consistent with the detector resolution. The results were found to be converging well with the measurements by the Belle Collaboration using b± decays.
455 citations
21 Jan 2004-Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment
TL;DR: For 17 days in August and September 2002, the LIGO and GEO interferometer gravitational wave detectors were operated in coincidence to produce their first data for scientific analysis.
Abstract: For 17 days in August and September 2002, the LIGO and GEO interferometer gravitational wave detectors were operated in coincidence to produce their first data for scientific analysis. Although the detectors were still far from their design sensitivity levels, the data can be used to place better upper limits on the flux of gravitational waves incident on the earth than previous direct measurements. This paper describes the instruments and the data in some detail, as a companion to analysis papers based on the first data.
268 citations
TL;DR: Electrochemical studies indicate that the LBL assembled MWNT films possess a remarkable electrocatalytic activity toward O2 reduction in alkaline media, which suggests the potential application of the MWNT film for constructing an efficient alkaline air electrode for energy conversions.
Abstract: Multilayer films of shortened multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) are homogeneously and stably assembled on glassy carbon electrodes with the layer-by-layer (LBL) method, based on electrostatic interaction of positively charged poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and negatively charged and shortened MWNTs. The film assembly and electrochemical property as well as the electrocatalytic activity toward O2 reduction of the MWNT multilayer film are studied. Scanning electron microscopy, the quartz crystal microbalance technique, ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry are used for characterization of film assembly. Experimental results revealed that film growth is uniform, almost with the same coverage of the MWNTs in each layer, and that the assembled MWNTs are mainly in the form of small bundles or single tubes on the electrodes. Electrochemical studies indicate that the LBL assembled MWNT films possess a remarkable electrocatalytic activity toward O2 reduction in alkaline media. This property, combined with the well-dispersed, porous and conductive features of the MWNT film illustrated with the LBL method, suggests the potential application of the MWNT film for constructing an efficient alkaline air electrode for energy conversions.
253 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that mutational inactivation of EPHB2 may be important in the progression and metastasis of prostate cancer.
Abstract: The identification of tumor-suppressor genes in solid tumors by classical cancer genetics methods is difficult and slow. We combined nonsense-mediated RNA decay microarrays1 and array-based comparative genomic hybridization2,3 for the genome-wide identification of genes with biallelic inactivation involving nonsense mutations and loss of the wild-type allele. This approach enabled us to identify previously unknown mutations in the receptor tyrosine kinase gene EPHB2. The DU 145 prostate cancer cell line, originating from a brain metastasis, carries a truncating mutation of EPHB2 and a deletion of the remaining allele. Additional frameshift, splice site, missense and nonsense mutations are present in clinical prostate cancer samples. Transfection of DU 145 cells, which lack functional EphB2, with wild-type EPHB2 suppresses clonogenic growth. Taken together with studies indicating that EphB2 may have an essential role in cell migration and maintenance of normal tissue architecture, our findings suggest that mutational inactivation of EPHB2 may be important in the progression and metastasis of prostate cancer.
205 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a model emission mechanism is used to interpret the limits as a constraint on the pulsar's equatorial ellipticity, and two independent analysis methods are used and are demonstrated in two independent methods: a frequency domain method and a time domain method.
Abstract: Data collected by the GEO 600 and LIGO interferometric gravitational wave detectors during their first observational science run were searched for continuous gravitational waves from the pulsar J1939+2134 at twice its rotation frequency. Two independent analysis methods were used and are demonstrated in this paper: a frequency domain method and a time domain method. Both achieve consistent null results, placing new upper limits on the strength of the pulsar’s gravitational wave emission. A model emission mechanism is used to interpret the limits as a constraint on the pulsar’s equatorial ellipticity.
172 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report on a search for gravitational waves from coalescing compact binary systems in the Milky Way and the Magellanic Clouds using data taken by two of the three LIGO interferometers.
Abstract: We report on a search for gravitational waves from coalescing compact binary systems in the Milky Way and the Magellanic Clouds. The analysis uses data taken by two of the three LIGO interferometers during the first LIGO science run and illustrates a method of setting upper limits on inspiral event rates using interferometer data. The analysis pipeline is described with particular attention to data selection and coincidence between the two interferometers. We establish an observational upper limit of R<1.7x10^(2) per year per Milky Way Equivalent Galaxy (MWEG), with 90% confidence, on the coalescence rate of binary systems in which each component has a mass in the range 1-3 M☉.
169 citations
TL;DR: High-resolution comparative genomic hybridization on cDNA microarrays revealed the role of individual candidate target genes for genomic alterations as well as a highly significant overall association between copy number levels and the percentage of differentially expressed genes.
140 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the decay of J / ψ → ω π + π − is studied using a sample of 58 million J/ ψ events recorded in the BESII detector.
139 citations
TL;DR: A unique gene signature is identified in the tissue samples of patients with cirrhosis, which may be used as candidate markers for diagnosing the early onset of HCC in high‐risk populations and may guide new strategies for chemoprevention.
138 citations
TL;DR: The adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) competitive cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor O(6)-cyclohexylmethylguanine has been employed as the lead in a structure-based drug discovery program resulting in the discovery of the potent CDK1 and -2 inhibitor NU6102.
Abstract: The adenosine 5‘-triphosphate (ATP) competitive cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor O6-cyclohexylmethylguanine (NU2058, 1) has been employed as the lead in a structure-based drug discovery program resulting in the discovery of the potent CDK1 and -2 inhibitor NU6102 (3, IC50 = 9.5 nM and 5.4 nM vs CDK1/cyclinB and CDK2/cyclinA3, respectively). The SAR for this series have been explored further by the synthesis and evaluation of 45 N2-substituted analogues of NU2058. These studies have confirmed the requirement for the hydrogen bonding N2-NH group and the requirement for an aromatic N2-substituent to confer potency in the series. Additional potency is conferred by the presence of a group capable of donating a hydrogen bond at the 4‘-position, for example, the 4‘-hydroxy derivative (25, IC50 = 94 nM and 69 nM vs CDK1/cyclinB and CDK2/cyclinA3, respectively), 4‘-monomethylsulfonamide derivative (28, IC50 = 9 nM and 7.0 nM vs CDK1/cyclinB and CDK2/cyclinA3, respectively), and 4‘-carboxamide derivative (34, IC50...
114 citations
TL;DR: The BGI-RIS Rice Information System presents the sequenced genomes and related information in systematic and graphical ways for the convenience of in-depth comparative studies, and annotated the rice genomes for gene content, repetitive elements, gene duplications and single nucleotide polymorphisms between rice subspecies.
Abstract: Rice is a major food staple for the world’s population and serves as a model species in cereal genome research. The Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI) has long been devoting itself to sequencing, information analysis and biological research of the rice and other crop genomes. In order to facilitate the application of the rice genomic information and to provide a foundation for functional and evolutionary studies of other important cereal crops, we implemented our Rice Information System (BGIRIS), the most up-to-date integrated information resource as well as a workbench for comparative genomic analysis. In addition to comprehensive data from Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica sequenced by BGI, BGI-RIS also hosts carefully curated genome information from Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica and EST sequences available from other cereal crops. In this resource, sequence contigs of indica (93-11) have been further assembled into Mbp-sized scaffolds and anchored onto the rice chromosomes referenced to physical/genetic markers, cDNAs and BAC-end sequences. We have annotated the rice genomes for gene content, repetitive elements, gene duplications (tandem and segmental) and single nucleotide polymorphisms between rice subspecies. Designed as a basic platform, BGI-RIS presents the sequenced genomes and related information in systematic and graphical ways for the convenience of in-depth comparative studies (http://rise.genomics.org.cn/).
TL;DR: In this paper, a search for gravitational wave bursts using data from the first science run of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) detectors was reported. But their search focused on bursts with durations ranging from 4 to 100 ms, and with significant power in the LIGO sensitivity band of 150 to 3000 Hz.
Abstract: We report on a search for gravitational wave bursts using data from the first science run of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) detectors. Our search focuses on bursts with durations ranging from 4 to 100 ms, and with significant power in the LIGO sensitivity band of 150 to 3000 Hz. We bound the rate for such detected bursts at less than 1.6 events per day at a 90% confidence level. This result is interpreted in terms of the detection efficiency for ad hoc waveforms (Gaussians and sine Gaussians) as a function of their root-sum-square strain hrss; typical sensitivities lie in the range hrss∼10-19–10-17strain/√Hz, depending on the waveform. We discuss improvements in the search method that will be applied to future science data from LIGO and other gravitational wave detectors.
TL;DR: This in situ study not only reveals the unique and convincing information directly related to the growth mechanism from the involved chemistry, but also provides a powerful way to clarify the mechanism of CVD synthesis of CNTs with other precursors.
Abstract: By using the in situ thermal analysis−mass spectroscopic technique, combined with transmission electron microscopic characterization of the carbon nanotube (CNT) product, we have studied the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of CNTs with Fe−Co/γ-Al2O3 catalyst and benzene precursor in the range of room temperature to 700 °C. The growth process has been clearly illuminated, which starts from the reduction of catalyst around 645 °C followed by the dissociation of carbon−hydrogen bonds of benzene and the sequential growth of CNTs. A surprising fact is that no possible hydrocarbon species derived from benzene was detected, indicating that the carbon−carbon bond was not broken under our experimental conditions. All of the experimental results strongly reinforce the six-membered-ring-based growth model, and a schematic elucidation is presented accordingly. This in situ study not only reveals the unique and convincing information directly related to the growth mechanism from the involved chemistry, but also...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the analysis of between 50 and 100 h of coincident interferometric strain data used to search for and establish an upper limit on a stochastic background of gravitational radiation.
Abstract: We present the analysis of between 50 and 100 h of coincident interferometric strain data used to search for and establish an upper limit on a stochastic background of gravitational radiation. These data come from the first LIGO science run, during which all three LIGO interferometers were operated over a 2-week period spanning August and September of 2002. The method of cross correlating the outputs of two interferometers is used for analysis. We describe in detail practical signal processing issues that arise when working with real data, and we establish an observational upper limit on a f^-3 power spectrum of gravitational waves. Our 90% confidence limit is Ω0h100(^2)<~23±4.6 in the frequency band 40–314 Hz, where h100 is the Hubble constant in units of 100 km/sec/Mpc and Ω0 is the gravitational wave energy density per logarithmic frequency interval in units of the closure density. This limit is approximately 104 times better than the previous, broadband direct limit using interferometric detectors, and nearly 3 times better than the best narrow-band bar detector limit. As LIGO and other worldwide detectors improve in sensitivity and attain their design goals, the analysis procedures described here should lead to stochastic background sensitivity levels of astrophysical interest.
TL;DR: In situ EPR and IR investigation by using CO as probe molecules show that even pre-reduced by H 2 at lower temperature results in SMSI for anatase titania supported palladium catalyst, but not for rutile titania-supported palladium catalysts as discussed by the authors, which is attributed that the Ti 3+ ions produced by reduction of Ti 4+ are fixed in the surface lattice of TiO 2.
Abstract: In situ EPR and IR investigation by using CO as probe molecules show that even pre-reduced by H 2 at lower temperature results in SMSI for anatase titania supported palladium catalyst, but not for rutile titania supported palladium catalyst, which is attributed that the Ti 3+ ions produced by reduction of Ti 4+ are fixed in the surface lattice of TiO 2 , as rutile titania is more thermodynamically and structurally stable than anatase titania so that the Ti 3+ ions fixed in the surface lattice of anatase TiO 2 is easier to diffuse to surface of palladium particle than one in the surface lattice of rutile TiO 2 . Anatase titania supported palladium catalyst 0.075% Pd/TiO 2 (A) pre-reduced by H 2 at lower temperature has higher selectivity of alkenes for the liquid phase selective hydrogenation of long chain alkadienes than rutile titania supported palladium catalysts 0.075% Pd/TiO 2 (R). For titania (rutile or anatase) supported palladium catalysts, the elevation of pre-reduction temperature from 200 to 450 °C gives rise to sharp change of catalytic properties, especially for selectivity of alkenes. The very different catalytic properties between 0.075% Pd/TiO 2 (R) and 0.075% Pd/TiO 2 (A) catalyst pre-reduced at lower temperature, and the rapid increasing of selectivity of 0.075% Pd/TiO 2 (A) and 0.075% Pd/TiO 2 (R) with the elevation of pre-reduction temperature are reasonably explained by the presence of SMSI both for anatase titania supported palladium catalyst pre-reduced at lower temperature, and titania (rutile and anatase) supported palladium catalyst pre-reduced at higher temperature.
TL;DR: It was further proven that HSCCC could be a feasible and cost-effective method in the development of the fingerprint of TCM, which showed better performance in analysis of tanshinones, which made its fingerprint containing more chemical information than that of NACE.
TL;DR: The SAGE results and the clinical validation data demonstrate how SAGE profiles can highlight specific links between signaling pathways as well as associations with tumor progression, and may provide insights into new genes that may be useful for the diagnosis and therapy of melanoma.
Abstract: In this study, we generated three SAGE libraries from melanoma tissues. Using bioinformatics tools usually applied to microarray data, we identified several genes, including novel transcripts, which are preferentially expressed in melanoma. SAGE results converged with previous microarray analysis on the importance of intracellular calcium and G-protein signaling, and the Wnt/Frizzled family. We also examined the expression of CD74, which was specifically, albeit not abundantly, expressed in the melanoma libraries using a melanoma progression tissue microarray, and demonstrate that this protein is expressed by melanoma cells but not by benign melanocytes. Many genes involved in intracellular calcium and G-protein signaling were highly expressed in melanoma, results we had observed earlier from microarray studies (Bittner et al., 2000). One of the genes most highly expressed in our melanoma SAGE libraries was a calcium-regulated gene, calpain 3 (p94). Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that calpain 3 moves from the nuclei of non-neoplastic cells to the cytoplasm of malignant cells, suggesting activation of this intracellular proteinase. Our SAGE results and the clinical validation data demonstrate how SAGE profiles can highlight specific links between signaling pathways as well as associations with tumor progression. This may provide insights into new genes that may be useful for the diagnosis and therapy of melanoma.
TL;DR: In this paper, a fast matched-filtering search scheme for precessing binaries is described, and they adopt the physical template family proposed by Buonanno, Chen, and Vallisneri for ground-based interferometers.
Abstract: The detection of the gravitational waves (GWs) emitted by precessing binaries of spinning compact objects is complicated by the large number of parameters (such as the magnitudes and initial directions of the spins, and the position and orientation of the binary with respect to the detector) that are required to model accurately the precession-induced modulations of the GW signal. In this paper we describe a fast matched-filtering search scheme for precessing binaries, and we adopt the physical template family proposed by Buonanno, Chen, and Vallisneri [Phys. Rev. D 67, 104025 (2003)] for ground-based interferometers. This family provides essentially exact waveforms, written directly in terms of the physical parameters, for binaries with a single significant spin, and for which the observed GW signal is emitted during the phase of adiabatic inspiral (for LIGO-I and VIRGO, this corresponds to a total mass M . 15M⊙). We show how the detection statistic can be maximized automatically over all the parameters (including the position and orientation of the binary with respect to the detector), except four (the two masses, the magnitude of the single spin, and the opening angle between the spin and the orbital angular momentum), so the template bank used in the search is only four-dimensional; this technique is relevant also to the searches for GW from extreme–mass-ratio inspirals and supermassive blackhole inspirals to be performed using the space-borne detector LISA. Using the LIGO-I design sensitivity, we compute the detection threshold (∼ 10) required for a false-alarm probability of 10 −3 /year, and the number of templates (∼ 76,000) required for a minimum match of 0.97, for the mass range (m1, m2) = [7,12]M⊙ × [1,3]M⊙.
01 Mar 2004
TL;DR: A deterministic clock-gating (DCG) technique which effectively reduces clock power in high-performance processors by applying DCG to execution units, pipeline latches, D-cache wordline decoders, and result bus drivers.
Abstract: With the scaling of technology and the need for higher performance and more functionality, power dissipation is becoming a major bottleneck for microprocessor designs. Because clock power can be significant in high-performance processors, we propose a deterministic clock-gating (DCG) technique which effectively reduces clock power. DCG is based on the key observation that for many of the pipelined stages of a modern processor, the circuit block usage in the near future is known a few cycles ahead of time. Our experiments show an average of 19.9% reduction in processor power with virtually no performance loss for an eight-issue, out-of-order superscalar by applying DCG to execution units, pipeline latches, D-cache wordline decoders, and result bus drivers.
TL;DR: Analytical results demonstrated an increase in the local particle concentrations on the cell surface that provided additional support for the mechanism underlying the improved Au nanoparticle transportation into cells in the presence of electromigration function, and Au capped with oligonucleotides led to optimal performance.
Abstract: Au nanoparticles modified with 21-base thiolated-oligonucleotides have been evaluated as delivery vehicles for the development of a nonviral transfection platform. The electromigration combined with electroporation for DNA delivery in an osteoblast like cell was employed to test on microchips. Electroporation introduces foreign materials into cells by applying impulses of electric field to induce multiple transient pores on the cell membrane through dielectric breakdown of the cell membrane. On the basis of the characteristic surface plasmon of the Au particles, UV-vis absorption was utilized to qualitatively judge the efficiency of delivery. Transmission electron microscopy images and atomic absorption measurements (quantitative analysis) provided evidence of the bare Au and Au/oligonucleotide nanoparticles before and after electroporation and electromigration function. The experiments demonstrated that electrophoretic migration followed by electroporation significantly enhanced the transportation efficiency of the nanoparticle-oligonucleotide complexes as compared with electroporation alone. Most interestingly, Au capped with oligonucleotides led to optimal performance. On the other hand, the bare Au colloidal suspensions resulted in aggregation, which might be an obstacle to the internalization process. In addition, analytical results demonstrated an increase in the local particle concentrations on the cell surface that provided additional support for the mechanism underlying the improved Au nanoparticle transportation into cells in the presence of electromigration function.
TL;DR: In this article, a quenched lattice QCD calculation of spin-$1/2$ five-quark states with quark content for both positive and negative parities is presented.
Abstract: We present a quenched lattice QCD calculation of spin-$1/2$ five-quark states with $uudd\overline{s}$ quark content for both positive and negative parities. We do not observe any bound pentaquark state in these channels for either $I=0$ or $I=1$. The states we found are consistent with $KN$ scattering states which are checked to exhibit the expected volume dependence of the spectral weight. The results are based on overlap-fermion propagators on two lattices, ${12}^{3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}28$ and ${16}^{3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}28$, with the same lattice spacing of 0.2 fm, and pion mass as low as $\ensuremath{\sim}180\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{M}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}$.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied FD input-output schemes for signal-recycling interferometers, the baseline design of Advanced LIGO and the currently operational configuration of GEO 600, and explored a scheme which uses an ordinary squeezed vacuum, but FD readout.
Abstract: To improve the sensitivity of laser-interferometer gravitational-wave (GW) detectors, experimental techniques of generating a squeezed vacuum in the GW frequency band are being developed. The squeezed vacuum generated from nonlinear optics has a constant squeeze angle and squeeze factor, while optimal use of squeezing usually requires a frequency dependent (FD) squeeze angle and/or a homodyne detection phase. This frequency dependence can be realized by filtering the input squeezed vacuum or the output light through detuned Fabry-Perot cavities. In this paper, we study FD input-output schemes for signal-recycling interferometers, the baseline design of Advanced LIGO and the currently operational configuration of GEO 600. Complementary to a recent proposal by Harms et al. to use FD input squeezing and ordinary homodyne detection, we explore a scheme which uses an ordinary squeezed vacuum, but FD readout. Both schemes, which are suboptimal among all possible input-output schemes, provide a global noise suppression by the power squeeze factor. At high frequencies, the two schemes are equivalent, while at low frequencies the scheme studied in this paper gives better performance than the Harms et al. scheme, and is nearly fully optimal. We then study the sensitivity improvement achievable by these schemes in Advanced LIGO era (with 30-m filter cavities and current estimates of filter-mirror losses and thermal noise), for neutron star binary inspirals, for low-mass x-ray binaries, and known radio pulsars. Optical losses are shown to be a major obstacle for the actual implementation of these techniques in Advanced LIGO. On time scales of third-generation interferometers, such as EURO/LIGO-III $(\ensuremath{\sim}2012),$ with kilometer-scale filter cavities and/or mirrors with lower losses, a signal-recycling interferometer with the FD readout scheme explored in this paper can have performances comparable to existing proposals.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the dispersion and reduction behavior of copper oxide in CuO/CeO 2 /TiO 2 samples (copper oxide supported on ceria-modified anatase).
Abstract: XRD, LRS, XPS, TPR and ESR have been used to investigate the dispersion and reduction behavior of copper oxide in CuO/CeO 2 /TiO 2 samples (copper oxide supported on ceria-modified anatase). The results indicate that: (1) ceria can be highly dispersed on the surface of TiO 2 support, and corresponding to a dispersion capacity (DC) of about 6.98 Ce 4+ ions/nm 2 TiO 2 ; (2) the dispersion of copper oxide on ceria-modified TiO 2 is below the loading amount of ceria. For the samples with ceria loading prior to 6.98 Ce 4+ ions/nm 2 TiO 2 , the dispersion of copper oxide decreases with the ceria loading. When the loading of ceria is greater than 6.98 Ce 4+ ions/nm 2 TiO 2 , the dispersion of copper oxide increases with ceria loading; (3) the reduction behavior of the copper oxide species are also shown to be correlated to the ceria loading. For CuO/CeO 2 /TiO 2 samples with the low ceria loading of 3 wt.%, the dispersed copper oxide species could be simply regarded as two species (Cu–I and Cu–II) according to the differences in the reduction behavior. For the high ceria loading CuO/CeO 2 /TiO 2 samples, e.g. ceria loading amount of 40 wt.%, the TPR profiles indicate that the reduction behavior of copper oxide is similar to that in CuO/CeO 2 system, and the sample should be approximately regarded as the composition of two systems, CuO/CeO 2 and CeO 2 /TiO 2 . In addition, the activities of the catalysts, CuO/TiO 2 , CuO/CeO 2 /TiO 2 and CuO/CeO 2 , in the NO+CO reaction at different temperatures have been studied to monitor the relationship between the catalytic activity versus the composition of the catalysts. For the samples with low copper oxide loading, the catalytic activity varies as in this order: 4Cu–6Ce–Ti 2 2 ≈4Cu–40Ce–Ti, which suggests that the dispersed ceria species hinder the activity of surface copper species in 4Cu–6Ce–Ti sample. While for the samples with high ceria loading, the activities of copper species are greatly enhanced due to the formation of crystalline CeO 2 . Furthermore, for the CuO/CeO 2 /TiO 2 samples, especially for that with lower copper oxide and ceria loadings, the dispersion states of the copper and ceria are also discussed by the consideration of incorporation model proposed previously [Catal. Lett. 12 (1992) 51].
TL;DR: In this paper, a quasiphysical family of single-spin templates was used to search for the signals emitted by double-spin precessing binaries, and they found that its signal-matching performance is satisfactory for source masses (m{sub 1,m{ sub 2}) is a member of [3,15]M{sub {center_dot}}x[3, 15]M {sub {centered-dot}}.
Abstract: The gravitational waveforms emitted during the adiabatic inspiral of precessing binaries with two spinning compact bodies of comparable masses, evaluated within the post-Newtonian approximation, can be reproduced rather accurately by the waveforms obtained by setting one of the two spins to zero, at least for the purpose of detection by ground-based gravitational-wave interferometers. Here we propose to use this quasiphysical family of single-spin templates to search for the signals emitted by double-spin precessing binaries, and we find that its signal-matching performance is satisfactory for source masses (m{sub 1},m{sub 2}) is a member of [3,15]M{sub {center_dot}}x[3,15]M{sub {center_dot}}. For this mass range, using the LIGO-I design sensitivity, we estimate that the number of templates required to yield a minimum match of 0.97 is {approx}320,000. We discuss also the accuracy to which the single-spin template family can be used to estimate the parameters of the original double-spin precessing binaries.
TL;DR: Findings collectively suggest that pseudolarix acid B possesses anti-angiogenic activity, which may involve antagonism of the VEGF-mediated anti-apoptosis effect via inhibition of KDR/flk-1, ERK1/2, and Akt phosphorylation in endothelial cells.
TL;DR: In this article, a two orders of magnitude increase in field effect mobility was observed from electrical data of transistors fabricated using FeCl3 doped RR-P3HT and MEH-PPV.
Abstract: Polymer-based thin film transistors (PTFTs) were fabricated on glass substrates with anodized Al2O3 as gate insulators. RR-P3HT (regioregular poly–3-hexylthiophene) and MEH-PPV [poly(2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene)] were respectively used as semiconducting active layers for the transistors. A two orders of magnitude increase in field effect mobility (from 7.2×10−4 cm2/V s to 7.4×10−2 cm2/V s) deduced from electrical data of transistors fabricated using FeCl3 doped RR-P3HT was observed. This increase is believed to be mainly due to a large reduction in contact resistance (from 108 Ω to 103 Ω) to the source and drain Au contacts. The conductivity of RR-P3HT was found to increase only slightly with the doping. For MEH-PPV, doping with FeCl3 also decreased its contact resistance. However, it (4 GΩ) was still much larger than the channel (polymer) resistance (1 MΩ), leading to a slight improvement in its field effect mobility. Theoretically, contacts between Au and P3HT should have very...
TL;DR: In this article, mass spectroscopy coupling was employed to investigate the growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by means of chemical vapor deposition of benzene at the temperature of 700 °C.
TL;DR: A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for the chiral separation of an antagonist of alpha1A adrenoceptors, tamsulosin and its S-isomer.
TL;DR: The key conclusion resulting from the study is that the coefficient of variation governing the randomness of the intensities and the deposition gain are the most important factors for determining whether a single-channel or dual-channel system provides superior classification.
Abstract: Motivation: There are two general methods for making gene-expression microarrays: one is to hybridize a single test set of labeled targets to the probe, and measure the background-subtracted intensity at each probe site; the other is to hybridize both a test and a reference set of differentially labeled targets to a single detector array, and measure the ratio of the background-subtracted intensities at each probe site. Which method is better depends on the variability in the cell system and the random factors resulting from the microarray technology. It also depends on the purpose for which the microarray is being used. Classification is a fundamental application and it is the one considered here.
Results: This paper describes a model-based simulation paradigm that compares the classification accuracy provided by these methods over a variety of noise types and presents the results of a study modeled on noise typical of cDNA microarray data. The model consists of four parts: (1) the measurement equation for genes in the reference state; (2) the measurement equation for genes in the test state; (3) the ratio and normalization procedure for a dual-channel system; and (4) the intensity and normalization procedure for a single-channel system. In the reference state, the mean intensities are modeled as a shifted exponential distribution, and the intensity for a particular gene is modeled via a normal distribution, Normal(I, αI), about its mean intensity I, with α being the coefficient of variation of the cell system. In the test state, some genes have their intensities up-regulated by a random factor. The model includes a number of random factors affecting intensity measurement: deposition gain d, labeling gain, and post-image-processing residual noise. The key conclusion resulting from the study is that the coefficient of variation governing the randomness of the intensities and the deposition gain are the most important factors for determining whether a single-channel or dual-channel system provides superior classification, and the decision region in the α-d plane is approximately linear.
Supplementary information: A companion website containing supplementary and background material can be accessed at http://ee.tamu.edu/~edward/ratio_intensity/
TL;DR: This study develops a statistical package that can work in conjunction with the existing image simulation toolbox and proposes a paradigm that is implemented in software that specifically considers certain kinds of noise in the noise model and sets these at certain levels.
Abstract: A microarray-image model is used that takes into account many factors, including spot morphology, signal strength, background fluorescent noise, and shape and surface degradation. The model yields synthetic images whose appearance and quality reflect that of real microarray images. The model is used to link noise factors to the fidelity of signal extraction with respect to a standard image-extraction algorithm. Of particular interest is the identification of the noise fac- tors and their interactions that significantly degrade the ability to ac- curately detect the true gene-expression signal. This study uses statis- tical criteria in conjunction with the simulation of various noise conditions to better understand the noise influence on signal extrac- tion for cDNA microarray images. It proposes a paradigm that is implemented in software. It specifically considers certain kinds of noise in the noise model and sets these at certain levels; however, one can choose other types of noise or use different noise levels. In sum, it develops a statistical package that can work in conjunction with the