Yılmaz Emre

Bio: Yılmaz Emre is an academic researcher from Akdeniz University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Fish meal & Polyunsaturated fatty acid. The author has an hindex of 14, co-authored 58 publications receiving 918 citations. Previous affiliations of Yılmaz Emre include Middle East Technical University.

Proximate composition and fatty acid profile of three different fresh and dried commercial sea cucumbers from Turkey

Abstract: Proximate composition and fatty acid (FA) profile of three commercial sea cucumbers; Holothuria tubulosa, Holothuria polii and Holothuria mammata caught from Aegean Sea of Turkey were analysed. The effects of regional variation and drying process on FA composition were also investigated. Moisture, protein, fat and ash contents of the species ranged between 81.24% and 85.24%, 7.88% and 8.82%, 0.09% and 0.18%, and 5.13% and 7.85%, respectively, with a significant changes among species (P < 0.05) with some exceptions. Although FA values varied significantly (P < 0.05) among species and regions, the changes for most FA types representing the same region for different species were not significantly different. Total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were found to be higher than total saturated (SFA) and monosaturated FAs (MUFA) accounting for 53.0-62.12% for ∑PUFA, 13.28-16.41% for ∑MUFA and 13.99-19.21% for ∑SFA. While some individual SFAs and PUFAs decreased after drying process, various individual FAs of MUFA increased in their amounts (P < 0.05). Among PUFAs, the highest mean value of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid for all regions were determined for H. polii as 7.25% and H. tubulosa as 12.37% in fresh samples, respectively. This study represents new information relating to FA contents and drying effect on FA profile for these species.

Original article Proximate composition and fatty acid profile of three different fresh and dried commercial sea cucumbers from Turkey

Abstract: Summary Proximate composition and fatty acid (FA) profile of three commercial sea cucumbers; Holothuria tubulosa, Holothuria polii and Holothuria mammata caught from Aegean Sea of Turkey were analysed. The effects of regional variation and drying process on FA composition were also investigated. Moisture, protein, fat and ash contents of the species ranged between 81.24% and 85.24%, 7.88% and 8.82%, 0.09% and 0.18%, and 5.13% and 7.85%, respectively, with a significant changes among species (P < 0.05) with some exceptions. Although FA values varied significantly (P < 0.05) among species and regions, the changes for most FA types representing the same region for different species were not significantly different. Total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were found to be higher than total saturated (SFA) and monosaturated FAs (MUFA) accounting for 53.0–62.12% for P PUFA, 13.28–16.41% for P MUFA and 13.99–19.21% for P SFA. While some individual SFAs and PUFAs decreased after drying process, various individual FAs of MUFA increased in their amounts (P < 0.05). Among PUFAs, the highest mean value of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid for all regions were determined for H. polii as 7.25% and H. tubulosa as 12.37% in fresh samples, respectively. This study represents new information relating to FA contents and drying effect on FA profile for these species.

Replacing Fish Meal with Poultry By-Product Meal in Practical Diets for Mirror Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Fingerlings

Abstract: Four isocaloric and isonitrogenous rations containing various levels (0% or control), 33%, 67% and 100% of fish meal) of poultry by-product meal (PBM) were fed to three replicate groups of mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings with a mean initial weight of 15.40±0.03 g. 50 fish per tank were tested for 10 weeks in 500 l fibreglass tanks. Average weight gain of carp fingerlings fed the control were significantly (P<0.05) higher (42.63±0.66) compared to fish fed 33%, 67% and 100% PBM of fish meal (30.14±0.06, 25.91±0.48 and 19.77±0.07, respectively). Significant variation in feed conversation ratios which varied between 1.71±0.02 and 2.81±0.03 for the control and 100% PBM, respectively, were obtained among the groups. Similarly, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio decreased significantly (P<0.05) as the level of PBM increased. However, condition factor, dress out percentage and the whole body composition didn’t exhibit any significant variation among the test groups.

High-Value Components and Bioactives from Sea Cucumbers for Functional Foods—A Review

Abstract: Sea cucumbers, belonging to the class Holothuroidea, are marine invertebrates, habitually found in the benthic areas and deep seas across the world. They have high commercial value coupled with increasing global production and trade. Sea cucumbers, informally named as beche-de-mer, or gamat, have long been used for food and folk medicine in the communities of Asia and Middle East. Nutritionally, sea cucumbers have an impressive profile of valuable nutrients such as Vitamin A, Vitamin B1 (thiamine), Vitamin B2 (riboflavin), Vitamin B3 (niacin), and minerals, especially calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc. A number of unique biological and pharmacological activities including anti-angiogenic, anticancer, anticoagulant, anti-hypertension, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antithrombotic, antitumor and wound healing have been ascribed to various species of sea cucumbers. Therapeutic properties and medicinal benefits of sea cucumbers can be linked to the presence of a wide array of bioactives especially triterpene glycosides (saponins), chondroitin sulfates, glycosaminoglycan (GAGs), sulfated polysaccharides, sterols (glycosides and sulfates), phenolics, cerberosides, lectins, peptides, glycoprotein, glycosphingolipids and essential fatty acids. This review is mainly designed to cover the high-value components and bioactives as well as the multiple biological and therapeutic properties of sea cucumbers with regard to exploring their potential uses for functional foods and nutraceuticals.

Microplastics in the aquatic environment: Evidence for or against adverse impacts and major knowledge gaps.

Abstract: There is increasing scientific and public concern over the presence of microplastics (MPs) in the natural environment. Here, we present the results of a systematic review of the literature to assess the weight of evidence for MPs causing environmental harm. We conclude that MPs do occur in surface water and sediments. Fragments and fibers predominate with beads making up only a small proportion of the detected MP types. Concentrations detected are orders of magnitude lower than those reported to affect molecular level endpoints, feeding, reproduction, growth, tissue inflammation and mortality in organisms. The evidence for MPs acting as a vector for hydrophobic organic compounds (HOC) to accumulate in organisms is also weak. The available data therefore suggest that these materials are not causing harm to the environment. There is however a mismatch between the particle types, size ranges, and concentrations of MPs used in laboratory tests and those measured in the environment. Select environmental compartments have also received limited attention. There is an urgent need for studies that address this mismatch by performing better quality and more holistic monitoring studies alongside more environmentally realistic effects studies. Only then will we be able to fully characterize risks of MPs to the environment in order to support the introduction of regulatory controls that can make a real positive difference to environmental quality.