Yimin Gao

Bio: Yimin Gao is an academic researcher from Hohai University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Regenerative brake & Propulsion. The author has an hindex of 3, co-authored 10 publications receiving 3355 citations.

Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles

Abstract: "This book is an introduction to automotive technology, with specic reference to battery electric, hybrid electric, and fuel cell electric vehicles. It could serve electrical engineers who need to know more about automobiles or automotive engineers who need to know about electrical propulsion systems. For example, this reviewer, who is a specialist in electric machinery, could use this book to better understand the automobiles for which the reviewer is designing electric drive motors. An automotive engineer, on the other hand, might use it to better understand the nature of motors and electric storage systems for application in automobiles, trucks or motorcycles. The early chapters of the book are accessible to technically literate people who need to know something about cars. While the rst chapter is historical in nature, the second chapter is a good introduction to automobiles, including dynamics of propulsion and braking. The third chapter discusses, in some detail, spark ignition and compression ignition (Diesel) engines. The fourth chapter discusses the nature of transmission systems.” —James Kirtley, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA “The third edition covers extensive topics in modern electric, hybrid electric, and fuel cell vehicles, in which the profound knowledge, mathematical modeling, simulations, and control are clearly presented. Featured with design of various vehicle drivetrains, as well as a multi-objective optimization software, it is an estimable work to meet the needs of automotive industry.” —Haiyan Henry Zhang, Purdue University, USA “The extensive combined experience of the authors have produced an extensive volume covering a broad range but detailed topics on the principles, design and architectures of Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles in a well-structured, clear and concise manner. The volume offers a complete overview of technologies, their selection, integration & control, as well as an interesting Technical Overview of the Toyota Prius. The technical chapters are complemented with example problems and user guides to assist the reader in practical calculations through the use of common scientic computing packages. It will be of interest mainly to research postgraduates working in this eld as well as established academic researchers, industrial R&D engineers and allied professionals.” —Christopher Donaghy-Sparg, Durham University, United Kingdom The book deals with the fundamentals, theoretical bases, and design methodologies of conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs). The design methodology is described in mathematical terms, step-by-step, and the topics are approached from the overall drive train system, not just individual components. Furthermore, in explaining the design methodology of each drive train, design examples are presented with simulation results. All the chapters have been updated, and two new chapters on Mild Hybrids and Optimal Sizing and Dimensioning and Control are also included • Chapters updated throughout the text. • New homework problems, solutions, and examples. • Includes two new chapters. • Features accompanying MATLABTM software.

Modern electric, hybrid electric, and fuel cell vehicles : fundamentals, theory, and design

Abstract: Environmental Impact and History of Modern Transportation Air Pollution Global Warming Petroleum Resources Induced Costs Importance of Different Transportation Development Strategies to Future Oil Supply History of EVs History of HEVs History of Fuel Cell Vehicles Fundamentals of Vehicle Propulsion and Brake General Description of Vehicle Movement Vehicle Resistance Dynamic Equation Tire-Ground Adhesion and Maximum Tractive Effort Power Train Tractive Effort and Vehicle Speed Vehicle Power Plant and Transmission Characteristics Vehicle Performance Operating Fuel Economy Brake Performance Internal Combustion Engines 4S, Spark-Ignited IC Engines 4S, Compression-Ignition IC Engines 2S Engines Wankel Rotary Engines Stirling Engines Gas Turbine Engines Quasi-Isothermal Brayton Cycle Engines Electric Vehicles Configurations of EVs Performance of EVs Tractive Effort in Normal Driving Energy Consumption Hybrid Electric Vehicles Concept of Hybrid Electric Drive Trains Architectures of Hybrid Electric Drive Trains Electric Propulsion Systems DC Motor Drives Induction Motor Drives Permanent Magnetic BLDC Motor Drives SRM Drives Design Principle of Series (Electrical Coupling) Hybrid Electric Drive Train Operation Patterns Control Strategies Design Principles of a Series (Electrical Coupling) Hybrid Drive Train Design Example Parallel (Mechanically Coupled) Hybrid Electric Drive Train Design Drive Train Configuration and Design Objectives Control Strategies Parametric Design of a Drive Train Simulations Design and Control Methodology of Series-Parallel (Torque and Speed Coupling) Hybrid Drive Train Drive Train Configuration Drive Train Control Methodology Drive Train Parameters Design Simulation of an Example Vehicle Design and Control Principles of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles Statistics of Daily Driving Distance Energy Management Strategy Energy Storage Design Mild Hybrid Electric Drive Train Design Energy Consumed in Braking and Transmission Parallel Mild Hybrid Electric Drive Train Series-Parallel Mild Hybrid Electric Drive Train Peaking Power Sources and Energy Storages Electrochemical Batteries Ultracapacitors Ultra-High-Speed Flywheels Hybridization of Energy Storages Fundamentals of Regenerative Breaking Braking Energy Consumed in Urban Driving Braking Energy versus Vehicle Speed Braking Energy versus Braking Power Braking Power versus Vehicle Speed Braking Energy versus Vehicle Deceleration Rate Braking Energy on Front and Rear Axles Brake System of EV, HEV, and FCV Fuel Cells Operating Principles of Fuel Cells Electrode Potential and Current-Voltage Curve Fuel and Oxidant Consumption Fuel Cell System Characteristics Fuel Cell Technologies Fuel Supply Non-Hydrogen Fuel Cells Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Drive Train Design Configuration Control Strategy Parametric Design Design Example Design of Series Hybrid Drive Train for Off-Road Vehicles Motion Resistance Tracked Series Hybrid Vehicle Drive Train Architecture Parametric Design of the Drive Train Engine/Generator Power Design Power and Energy Design of Energy Storage Appendices Index

Study on the performance and control of SR machine for vehicle regenerative braking

Abstract: A regenerative braking system with simple structure, high efficiency, good performance and easy control is crucial for electric vehicle (EV), hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) and fuel cell vehicle (FCV). SR machine is one of the promising candidates. In this paper, the current and torque performance of a SR machine for application to vehicle regenerative braking has been studied. The relationship between the torque, speed, turn-on and turn-off angles has been established. The data obtained through simulation is very useful for vehicle control design.

Review of Battery Charger Topologies, Charging Power Levels, and Infrastructure for Plug-In Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

Abstract: This paper reviews the current status and implementation of battery chargers, charging power levels, and infrastructure for plug-in electric vehicles and hybrids. Charger systems are categorized into off-board and on-board types with unidirectional or bidirectional power flow. Unidirectional charging limits hardware requirements and simplifies interconnection issues. Bidirectional charging supports battery energy injection back to the grid. Typical on-board chargers restrict power because of weight, space, and cost constraints. They can be integrated with the electric drive to avoid these problems. The availability of charging infrastructure reduces on-board energy storage requirements and costs. On-board charger systems can be conductive or inductive. An off-board charger can be designed for high charging rates and is less constrained by size and weight. Level 1 (convenience), Level 2 (primary), and Level 3 (fast) power levels are discussed. Future aspects such as roadbed charging are presented. Various power level chargers and infrastructure configurations are presented, compared, and evaluated based on amount of power, charging time and location, cost, equipment, and other factors.

Overview of Permanent-Magnet Brushless Drives for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Abstract: With ever-increasing concerns on our environment, there is a fast growing interest in electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid EVs (HEVs) from automakers, governments, and customers. As electric drives are the core of both EVs and HEVs, it is a pressing need for researchers to develop advanced electric-drive systems. In this paper, an overview of permanent-magnet (PM) brushless (BL) drives for EVs and HEVs is presented, with emphasis on machine topologies, drive operations, and control strategies. Then, three major research directions of the PM BL drive systems are elaborated, namely, the magnetic-geared outer-rotor PM BL drive system, the PM BL integrated starter-generator system, and the PM BL electric variable-transmission system.

A review of energy sources and energy management system in electric vehicles

Abstract: The issues of global warming and depletion of fossil fuels have paved opportunities to electric vehicle (EV). Moreover, the rapid development of power electronics technologies has even realized high energy-efficient vehicles. EV could be the alternative to decrease the global green house gases emission as the energy consumption in the world transportation is high. However, EV faces huge challenges in battery cost since one-third of the EV cost lies on battery. This paper reviews state-of-the-art of the energy sources, storage devices, power converters, low-level control energy management strategies and high supervisor control algorithms used in EV. The comparison on advantages and disadvantages of vehicle technology is highlighted. In addition, the standards and patterns of drive cycles for EV are also outlined. The advancement of power electronics and power processors has enabled sophisticated controls (low-level and high supervisory algorithms) to be implemented in EV to achieve optimum performance as well as the realization of fast-charging stations. The rapid growth of EV has led to the integration of alternative resources to the utility grid and hence smart grid control plays an important role in managing the demand. The awareness of environmental issue and fuel crisis has brought up the sales of EV worldwide.

Predictive energy management of a power-split hybrid electric vehicle

Abstract: In this paper, a Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategy is developed for the first time to solve the optimal energy management problem of power-split hybrid electric vehicles. A power-split hybrid combines the advantages of series and parallel hybrids by utilizing two electric machines and a combustion engine. Because of its many modes of operation, modeling a power-split configuration is complex and devising a near-optimal power management strategy is quite challenging. To systematically improve the fuel economy of a power-split hybrid, we formulate the power management problem as a nonlinear optimization problem. The nonlinear powertrain model and the constraints are linearized at each sample time and a receding horizon linear MPC strategy is employed to determine the power split ratio based on the updated model. Simulation results over multiple driving cycles indicate better fuel economy over conventional strategies can be achieved. In addition the proposed algorithm is causal and has the potential for real-time implementation.

Constant power loads and negative impedance instability in automotive systems: definition, modeling, stability, and control of power electronic converters and motor drives

Abstract: Power electronic converters and electric motor drives are being put into use at an increasingly rapid rate in advanced automobiles. However, the new advanced automotive electrical systems employ multivoltage level hybrid ac and dc as well as electromechanical systems that have unique characteristics, dynamics, and stability problems that are not well understood due to the nonlinearity and time dependency of converters and because of their constant power characteristics. The purpose of this paper is to present an assessment of the negative impedance instability concept of the constant power loads (CPLs) in automotive power systems. The main focus of this paper is to analyze and propose design criteria of controllers for automotive converters/systems operating with CPLs. The proposed method is to devise a new comprehensive approach to the applications of power electronic converters and motor drives in advanced automotive systems. Sliding-mode and feedback linearization techniques along with large-signal phase plane analysis are presented as methods to analyze, control, and stabilize automotive converters/systems with CPLs