Yoshiaki Oka

Bio: Yoshiaki Oka is an academic researcher from Waseda University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Coolant & Supercritical fluid. The author has an hindex of 37, co-authored 242 publications receiving 6742 citations. Previous affiliations of Yoshiaki Oka include United States Atomic Energy Commission & University of Tokyo.

Moving-Particle Semi-Implicit Method for Fragmentation of Incompressible Fluid

Abstract: A moving-particle semi-implicit (MPS) method for simulating fragmentation of incompressible fluids is presented. The motion of each particle is calculated through interactions with neighboring particles covered with the kernel function. Deterministic particle interaction models representing gradient, Laplacian, and free surfaces are proposed. Fluid density is implicitly required to be constant as the incompressibility condition, while the other terms are explicitly calculated. The Poisson equation of pressure is solved by the incomplete Cholesky conjugate gradient method. Collapse of a water column is calculated using MPS. The effect of parameters in the models is investigated in test calculations. Good agreement with an experiment is obtained even if fragmentation and coalescence of the fluid take place.

Numerical analysis of breaking waves using the moving particle semi-implicit method

Abstract: SUMMARY The numerical method used in this study is the moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method, which is based on particles and their interactions. The particle number density is implicitly required to be constant to satisfy incompressibility. A semi-implicit algorithm is used for two-dimensional incompressible non-viscous flow analysis. The particles whose particle number densities are below a set point are considered as on the free surface. Grids are not necessary in any calculation steps. It is estimated that most of computation time is used in generation of the list of neighboring particles in a large problem. An algorithm to enhance the computation speed is proposed. The MPS method is applied to numerical simulation of breaking waves on slopes. Two types of breaking waves, plunging and spilling breakers, are observed in the calculation results. The breaker types are classified by using the minimum angular momentum at the wave front. The surf similarity parameter which separates the types agrees well with references. Breaking waves are also calculated with a passively moving float which is modelled by particles. Artificial friction due to the disturbed motion of particles causes errors in the flow velocity distribution which is shown in comparison with the theoretical solution of a cnoidal wave. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Numerical analysis of deterioration phenomena in heat transfer to supercritical water

Abstract: Deterioration in heat transfer at supercritical water cooling in a vertical pipe is numerically analyzed. The calculation is based on a parabolic solver for steady-state equations in r−z two dimensions, a k−ϵ model for turbulence and a steam table library for physical properties of supercritical water. Calculation results agree with the experimental data of Yamagata et al. It is found that heat transfer deterioration is caused by two mechanisms depending on the flow rate. When the heat flux is increased much above the deterioration heat flux, a violent oscillation is observed in the temperature distribution.

Numerical Analysis of Jet Breakup Behavior Using Particle Method

Abstract: A continuous jet changes to droplets where jet breakup occurs. In this study, two-dimensional numerical analysis of jet breakup is performed using the MPS method (Moving Particle Semi-implicit Method) which is a particle method for incompressible flows. The continuous fluid surrounding the jet is neglected. Dependencies of the jet breakup length on the Weber number and the Froude number agree with the experiment. The size distribution of droplets is in agreement with the Nukiyama-Tanasawa distribution that has been widely used as an experimental correlation. Effects of the Weber number and the Froude number on the size distribution are also obtained.

Direct calculation of bubble growth, departure, and rise in nucleate pool boiling

Abstract: A mesh-free numerical method (MPS–MAFL) is presented for the analysis of gas–liquid two-phase flows. In this method, a particle method (MPS) is combined with a gridless method (MAFL) for an arbitrary-Lagrangian–Eulerian calculation. Gas–liquid two-phase flows are calculated directly by the present method with and without the phase change. As an isothermal flow, a gas bubble rising in viscous liquids is simulated numerically and the results are compared with the empirical correlation. The energy equation is coupled with the equation of motion for the calculation of nucleate pool boiling. Numerical results are provided for the bubble growth rate, departure radius, and the heat transfer rate, which show a good agreement with experimental observations. The heat transfer mechanism associated with nucleate pool boiling is evaluated quantitatively and discussed with previous empirical studies.

Moving-Particle Semi-Implicit Method for Fragmentation of Incompressible Fluid

Abstract: A moving-particle semi-implicit (MPS) method for simulating fragmentation of incompressible fluids is presented. The motion of each particle is calculated through interactions with neighboring particles covered with the kernel function. Deterministic particle interaction models representing gradient, Laplacian, and free surfaces are proposed. Fluid density is implicitly required to be constant as the incompressibility condition, while the other terms are explicitly calculated. The Poisson equation of pressure is solved by the incomplete Cholesky conjugate gradient method. Collapse of a water column is calculated using MPS. The effect of parameters in the models is investigated in test calculations. Good agreement with an experiment is obtained even if fragmentation and coalescence of the fluid take place.

Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH): an Overview and Recent Developments

Abstract: Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is a meshfree particle method based on Lagrangian formulation, and has been widely applied to different areas in engineering and science. This paper presents an overview on the SPH method and its recent developments, including (1) the need for meshfree particle methods, and advantages of SPH, (2) approximation schemes of the conventional SPH method and numerical techniques for deriving SPH formulations for partial differential equations such as the Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations, (3) the role of the smoothing kernel functions and a general approach to construct smoothing kernel functions, (4) kernel and particle consistency for the SPH method, and approaches for restoring particle consistency, (5) several important numerical aspects, and (6) some recent applications of SPH. The paper ends with some concluding remarks.

Numerical simulation of interfacial flows by smoothed particle hydrodynamics

Abstract: An implementation of the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method is presented to treat two-dimensional interfacial flows, that is, flow fields with different fluids separated by sharp interfaces. Test cases are presented to show that the present formulation remains stable for low density ratios. In particular, results are compared with those obtained by other solution techniques, showing a good agreement. The classical dam-break problem is studied by the present two-phase approach and the effects of density-ratio variations are discussed. The role of air entrapment on loads is discussed.

Incompressible sph method for simulating newtonian and non-newtonian flows with a free surface

Abstract: An incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method is presented to simulate Newtonian and non-Newtonian flows with free surfaces. The basic equations solved are the incompressible mass conservation and Navier–Stokes equations. The method uses prediction–correction fractional steps with the temporal velocity field integrated forward in time without enforcing incompressibility in the prediction step. The resulting deviation of particle density is then implicitly projected onto a divergence-free space to satisfy incompressibility through a pressure Poisson equation derived from an approximate pressure projection. Various SPH formulations are employed in the discretization of the relevant gradient, divergence and Laplacian terms. Free surfaces are identified by the particles whose density is below a set point. Wall boundaries are represented by particles whose positions are fixed. The SPH formulation is also extended to non-Newtonian flows and demonstrated using the Cross rheological model. The incompressible SPH method is tested by typical 2-D dam-break problems in which both water and fluid mud are considered. The computations are in good agreement with available experimental data. The different flow features between Newtonian and non-Newtonian flows after the dam-break are discussed.

An SPH Projection Method

Abstract: A new formulation is introduced for enforcing incompressibility in Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH). The method uses a fractional step with the velocity field integrated forward in time without enforcing incompressibility. The resulting intermediate velocity field is then projected onto a divergence-free space by solving a pressure Poisson equation derived from an approximate pressure projection. Unlike earlier approaches used to simulate incompressible flows with SPH, the pressure is not a thermodynamic variable and the Courant condition is based only on fluid velocities and not on the speed of sound. Although larger time-steps can be used, the solution of the resulting elliptic pressure Poisson equation increases the total work per time-step. Efficiency comparisons show that the projection method has a significant potential to reduce the overall computational expense compared to weakly compressible SPH, particularly as the Reynolds number, Re, is increased. Simulations using this SPH projection technique show good agreement with finite-difference solutions for a vortex spin-down and Rayleigh?Taylor instability. The results, however, indicate that the use of an approximate projection to enforce incompressibility leads to error accumulation in the density field.