The Interaction of Water with Solid Surfaces: Fundamental Aspects Revisited

Collective electronic excitations at metal surfaces are well known to play a key role in a wide spectrum of science, ranging from physics and materials science to biology. Here we focus on a theoretical description of the many-body dynamical electronic response of solids, which underlines the existence of various collective electronic excitations at metal surfaces, such as the conventional surface plasmon, multipole plasmons and the recently predicted acoustic surface plasmon. We also review existing calculations, experimental measurements and applications.

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Theory of surface plasmons and surface-plasmon polaritons

The Complete Active Space Self‐Consistent Field Method and its Applications in Electronic Structure Calculations

Using a home-built frictional force microscope that is able to detect forces in three dimensions with a lateral force resolution down to 15 pN, we have studied the energy dissipation between a tungsten tip sliding over a graphite surface in dry contact. By measuring atomic-scale friction as a function of the rotational angle between two contacting bodies, we show that the origin of the ultralow friction of graphite lies in the incommensurability between rotated graphite layers, an effect proposed under the name of "superlubricity" [Phys. Rev. B 41, 11 837 (1990)]].

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Superlubricity of Graphite

A few years after the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope (STM), the atomic force microscope (AFM) was developed Instead of measuring tunneling current, a new physical quantity could be investigated with atomic-scale resolution: the force between a small tip and a chosen sample surface This paper reviews progress and recent results obtained with AFM and other closely related techniques in the field of nanotribology, and attempts to point out many of the unresolved questions that remain The goal of this paper is to demonstrate that AFM is capable of producing atomic-scale knowledge As such, the authors will focus upon some of the contributions of the AFM to nanotribology They will almost exclusively discuss results that shed light on the actual atomic and molecular processes taking place, as opposed to the more applied investigations of microscale properties which are also carried out with AFM They will accompany this discussion by mentioning related theoretical efforts and simulations, although their main emphasis will be upon experimental results and the techniques used to obtain them, as well as suggested future directions In many ways, AFM techniques for quantitative, fundamental nanotribology are only in a nascent stage; certain key issues such as force calibration,more » tip characterization, and the effects of the experimental environment, are not fully resolved or standardized The authors thus begin with a critical discussion of the relevant technical aspects with using AFM for nanotribology 289 refs« less

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Scratching the Surface: Fundamental Investigations of Tribology with Atomic Force Microscopy.

The static and dynamic frictional forces of single-crystal muscovite mica are measured as a function of the lattice misfit angle between the two contacting cleavage lattices at a very light load under both dry and ambient atmospheres. The frictional forces are anisotropic with respect to the lattice misfit angle, i.e., they increase (decrease) when the contacting surfaces approach being commensurate (incommensurate). The underlying mechanisms of the anisotropy are discussed in terms of the commensurability between the contacting lattices.

Anisotropy of frictional forces in muscovite mica.

Experimental evidence of superlubricity, the state of vanishing friction, is obtained by examining systems of sliding atomically clean surfaces by using ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy. The experimental results agree with theoretical predictions: Friction is not observed in the superlubricity regime in measurements capable of resolving a friction force of $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}9}\mathrm{N}$, whereas friction of $8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}\mathrm{N}$, which is comparable to theoretical values, is observed in the friction regime.

Observation of Superlubricity by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

Alkali-metal adsorption on metals

Resultats de mesures par spectroscopie de perte d'energie electronique avec resolution angulaire

Measurement of Overlayer-Plasmon Dispersion in K Chains Adsorbed on Si(001)2×1

By the sector-microphotometer method of electron diffraction the molecular structure of hydrazine was obtained as shown in Table II. The bond distances are in good agreement with the values obtained by the infrared vibration-rotation spectrum. The mean amplitudes agreed with the calculated values within the limits of errors.

Yoshitada Murata

Papers

Anisotropy of frictional forces in muscovite mica.

Observation of Superlubricity by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

Alkali-metal adsorption on metals

Measurement of Overlayer-Plasmon Dispersion in K Chains Adsorbed on Si(001)2×1

An Electron Diffraction Investigation on the Molecular Structure of Hydrazine