Showing papers by "Young I. Cho published in 2014"
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TL;DR: This review examines the emerging role of endothelial shear stress and blood viscosity on the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis in peripheral arterial disease.
Abstract: This review examines the emerging role of endothelial shear stress (ESS) and blood viscosity on the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis in peripheral arterial disease. Among the variables determining ESS, blood viscosity has to date been the most overlooked by clinical researchers. Blood viscosity is a laboratory assessment that is minimally invasive and modifiable using pharmacologic therapy as well as by hemodilution. Monitoring and controlling blood viscosity not only modulates ESS, but also reduces peripheral vascular resistance and increases blood flow to the lower extremities.
64 citations
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TL;DR: All available data on the benefits of therapeutic phlebotomy point to the importance of monitoring WBV as part of a cardiovascular risk factor, along with other risk-modifying measures, whenever an increased cardiovascular risk is detected.
Abstract: Renewed interest in the age-old concept of "bloodletting", a therapeutic approach practiced until as recently as the 19th century, has been stimulated by the knowledge that blood loss, such as following regular donation, is associated with significant reductions in key hemorheological variables, including whole blood viscosity (WBV), plasma viscosity, hematocrit and fibrinogen. An elevated WBV appears to be both a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease and an important factor in the development of atherosclerosis. Elevated WBV through wall shear stress is the most direct physiological parameter that influences the rupture and erosion of vulnerable plaques. In addition to WBV reduction, phlebotomy may reduce an individual's cardiovascular risk through reductions in excessive iron, oxidative stress and inflammation. Reflecting these findings, blood donation in males has shown significant drops in the incidence of cardiovascular events, as well as in procedures such as percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and coronary artery bypass grafting. Collectively, the available data on the benefits of therapeutic phlebotomy point to the importance of monitoring WBV as part of a cardiovascular risk factor, along with other risk-modifying measures, whenever an increased cardiovascular risk is detected. The development of a scanning capillary tube viscometer allows the measurement of WBV in a clinical setting, which can prove to be valuable in providing an early warning sign of an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
49 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a new plasma-based method for bicarbonate removal in water produced from hydraulic fracturing for shale gas and to verify its ability to prevent mineral fouling on a heat transfer surface.
19 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the residual effect of gliding arc discharge (GAD) treatment on the inactivation of bacteria in a large volume of water (i.e., 20 L) was investigated.
13 citations
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TL;DR: A new method of HCT correction using the whole blood viscosity measured over a range of shear rates without plasma viscosities is introduced, which gave significantly better HCT corrections than the Matrai model.
6 citations
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TL;DR: The yield stress determined from blood viscosity profile of a patient can be utilized to evaluate the risk of circulatory impairment.
Abstract: The present research investigated the role of blood viscosity on flow within a microvascular network to identify the conditions of blood flow stagnation. When the yield stress of blood was less than 0.005 Pa, there were no stagnant regions in the microvasculature. However, when the yield stress increased to 0.05 Pa, stagnant or reduced flow areas began to appear, which grew and expanded rapidly with further increase in the yield stress. Thus, the yield stress determined from blood viscosity profile of a patient can be utilized to evaluate the risk of circulatory impairment.
6 citations
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01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: In this article, a new physical water treatment (PWT) using high-frequency oscillating electric fields produced directly in water was used to mitigate scaling of heat transfer surfaces, which is a major improvement over the previous PWT methods (i.e., low electric field strength, about 1 mV/cm, and low allowable frequency, ~2 kHz).
Abstract: This chapter presents an environment-friendly method to mitigate scaling in heat exchangers. A new physical water treatment (PWT) using high-frequency oscillating electric fields produced directly in water was used to mitigate scaling of heat transfer surfaces. The new method of using high-frequency oscillating electric fields directly in water is a major improvement over the previous PWT methods (i.e., low electric field strength, about ~1 mV/cm, and low allowable frequency, ~2 kHz). Both artificial and natural hard water at varying calcium carbonate hardness were used. Different combinations of voltages and frequencies were investigated to get the optimum values for the mitigation of scaling. It is hypothesized that the oscillating electric fields in the present PWT method precipitate the dissolved mineral ions such as calcium to mineral salts in bulk water. As the mineral ions continue to precipitate and adhere on the surfaces of the suspended particles, the particles grow in size and adhere to the solid heat transfer surface in the form of soft sludge or particulate fouling. This type of fouling is believed to be easily removed by shear forces created by flow than those deposits produced from the precipitation of mineral ions directly on the solid heat transfer surface, i.e., precipitation fouling. The new PWT method using oscillating electric fields presents a valid tool to mitigate scaling in heat exchangers from cooling water. The work in this book is based from the PhD dissertation of the first author at the Division of Mechanical Design Engineering at Chonbuk National University. Section 3.1 presents an overview of mineral fouling and the different methods to mitigate the fouling formation in heat exchangers, focusing on physical water treatment. Sections 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 and 3.5 give in detail the experimental work and discussion of the use of oscillating electric fields as a means to mitigate mineral fouling in a double-pipe heat exchanger. Section 3.6 summarizes the present study.
5 citations