Youngkwon Chung

Bio: Youngkwon Chung is an academic researcher from Sejong University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Parliament & Toleration. The author has an hindex of 3, co-authored 5 publications receiving 20 citations. Previous affiliations of Youngkwon Chung include Yonsei University.

Puritans, Godly Diversity, and Religious Liberty in Civil War England

Abstract: Religious liberty has an assured place among the pantheon of radical ideas to emerge during the English Civil Wars. Notwithstanding their many disagreements, historians have generally viewed conflict as the default mode of interaction among the Puritans engaged with the issue, and justifiably so. Yet during the early 1640s, many Puritan MPs, peers, and divines made large concessions to each other on matters of religious principle, magnifying the areas of agreement and indulging presumed faults. This flexible stance had the effect of lowering the invisible barriers erected by theological differences, which thus enabled a greater commerce of ideas. The principle of debating religious issues before hammering out a settlement and the idea of a spiritual brotherhood reinforcing that principle together served as a prism through which the disruptive effects of rival theories of religious liberty could be refracted.

Ecclesiology, Piety, and Presbyterian and Independent Polemics During the Early Years of the English Revolution

Abstract: Religious controversy swept across England during the revolutionary decades of the 1640s and 1650s. Historians have studied the attendant ecclesiological debates meticulously. The piety as practiced by the puritans has also been carefully examined. Yet generally, these two subjects of ecclesiology and piety have been kept as separate compartments of analysis. The plethora of tracts that rolled off the press during the initial years of the 1640s, nevertheless, shows that many contemporary polemicists were keen to tie the two themes together. The Presbyterian and Independent polemicists were no exception. As this article seeks to demonstrate, a common feature of their publications was the belief that their preferred ecclesiastical polity best served the purpose of promoting individual piety and creating a godly society. Thus the Presbyterian and Independent conflict waged not only over issues of ecclesiology proper such as categories of church offices and of governing councils or composition of church membership to which historians have directed their attention hitherto, but also over questions of how ecclesiology affected piety. Such conflict was a reflection of the commitment of Presbyterians and Independents to their respective vision of reformation for the country. More broadly, this article shows a facet of religious controversy that ultimately led to the disintegration of the godly community and weakened the base of support for the Commonwealth and the Protectorate.

Parliament and the Committee for Accommodation, 1644–6*

Abstract: With the emerging conflict between the presbyterian and independent ministers in 1643�4, the independent MPs recognized a need for parliamentary action to secure religious liberty in post-war establishment of a uniform state church. The lead in this was given by such prominent figures as Oliver St John and Oliver Cromwell, who set up a committee for accommodation in autumn 1644 to establish legal safeguards for godly separatists. This article seeks to demonstrate that the lay members from the Houses participated in the proceedings of the committee with as much fervour and awareness of the issue under consideration as the clerical members, employing procedure as a tool of policy making. Their often extended debates offer the historian a rare opportunity to explore in detail a committee at work during this period. The debates show that the scope of religious liberty as envisioned by the majority of MPs was decidedly limited. Furthermore, the article asserts that the committee became an arena for both genuine efforts at compromise and expressions of factional interest and that its proceedings were inextricably bound up with the wider Westminster politics and the vicissitudes of war. Thus, the committee proceedings shed light on the emergence of divisions in parliament and how these metamorphosed over the course of the revolutionary decade. Ultimately, the failure of the committee's enterprise contributed to polarisation within the godly community and to its disintegration

The Restoration Church of England, 1646–1689

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