Matrix computation, as a fundamental building block of information processing in science and technology, contributes most of the computational overheads in modern signal processing and artificial intelligence algorithms. Photonic accelerators are designed to accelerate specific categories of computing in the optical domain, especially matrix multiplication, to address the growing demand for computing resources and capacity. Photonic matrix multiplication has much potential to expand the domain of telecommunication, and artificial intelligence benefiting from its superior performance. Recent research in photonic matrix multiplication has flourished and may provide opportunities to develop applications that are unachievable at present by conventional electronic processors. In this review, we first introduce the methods of photonic matrix multiplication, mainly including the plane light conversion method, Mach-Zehnder interferometer method and wavelength division multiplexing method. We also summarize the developmental milestones of photonic matrix multiplication and the related applications. Then, we review their detailed advances in applications to optical signal processing and artificial neural networks in recent years. Finally, we comment on the challenges and perspectives of photonic matrix multiplication and photonic acceleration. 

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Photonic matrix multiplication lights up photonic accelerator and beyond

Alga-mediated facile green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: Photophysical, catalytic and antibacterial activity

Modular Fabrication of Intelligent Material-Tissue Interfaces for Bioinspired and Biomimetic Devices.

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Soda lime borate glasses doped with silver nitrate were prepared using melt annealing technique. Glass samples were then irradiated with a nanosecond (Nd:YAG laser) which emits 1064 nm, 8 nspulse duration and 10 Hz repetition rate through a focusing lens. Ultraviolet/Visible (UV/Vis.) Optical absorption spectra show appearance of absorption peak due Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) of precipitated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the prepared sample show a small variation in intensity for the sample before and after laser irradiation combined with appearance of new band attributed to the precipitated AgNPs. X-ray diffraction reveals appearance of a sharp diffraction peaksafter laser irradiation attributed for 111 and 200 planes of precipitated metallic nano-silver. Size and distribution of observed nano-silver was calculated using Debye Scherrer formula and confirmed using transmission electron microscope (TEM).

Nanosecond Laser Irradiation as New Route for Silver Nanoparticles Precipitation in Glassy Matrix

Metal nanoparticles (MNPs) hold great technological promise because of the possibility of engineering their electronic and optical properties through material design. One of the effective methods to fabricate MNPs is ion implantation. In this review, recent results on the nonlinear optical properties of nanoparticles (including copper, silver, gold, and bismuth nanoparticles) doped in various bases have been discussed. Some specific optical nonlinear properties, such as nonlinear refraction, two-photon absorption, and optical limiting, for femtosecond, picosecond, and nanosecond laser pulses have also been covered. In addition to ion implantation, we have summarized several other methods for the preparation of composite materials, and Z-scan has been used to study the nonlinear optical properties of these materials.

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Yu-hua Wang

Papers

Nonlinear optical properties of metal nanoparticles: a review