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Yuk-Yue Tong

Bio: Yuk-Yue Tong is an academic researcher from Singapore Management University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Immutability & Mindset. The author has an hindex of 3, co-authored 3 publications receiving 74 citations.

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed two interpretational mindsets that attenuate (transactional mindset) and agitate (categorization mindset) these culturally motivated responses, and concluded that while economic activities such as cross-border acquisitions can inadvertently evoke nationalistic reactions, it is possible to mitigate them or even encourage rational evaluations by influencing people's interpretational mindset.
Abstract: Cross-border transactions are often perceived by the general public as national threats instead of rational business deals. We propose two interpretational mindsets that attenuate (transactional mindset) and agitate (categorization mindset) these culturally motivated responses. Three studies were conducted in Singapore and the United States with various cross-border acquisition scenarios. As predicted, transactional mindset, which centers around cost–benefit calculations, nudged participants to evaluate the foreign acquisition more rationally and evoked fewer social–cultural considerations than categorization mindset, which focuses on categorizing and comparison procedures, and when no mindset was primed. Furthermore, the effects of categorization mindset are particularly strong when one perceives the two transacting parties as dissimilar and when he/she identifies closely with the local culture. We conclude that while economic activities such as cross-border acquisitions can inadvertently evoke nationalistic reactions, it is possible to mitigate them or even encourage rational evaluations by influencing people's interpretational mindset.

50 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article found that participants who believed that moral character is immutable (entity theorists) were more puni-tive than those who believed it is changeable (incremental theorists) toward criminal offenders.
Abstract: Thepresentresearchexaminedtheassociationbetweenbeliefaboutimmutabilityofmoral character and punitiveness toward criminal offenders. Overall, participantswho believed that moral character is immutable (entity theorists) were more puni-tive than those who believed that it is changeable (incremental theorists). Moreimportant, the present research identified two mediational paths: Entity theoristsmademoreinternalattributionof criminalbehaviorandheldstrongerexpectationof offenders’ recidivism, both of which in turn led to stronger punitiveness. Also,contrary to some researchers’ speculation, entity theorists did not perceive lesscontrollability in criminal behavior. Implications for implicit theory research andcriminaljusticeresearcharediscussed.“Ithinkcapitalpunishmentworksgreat.Everykilleryoukillneverkillsagain.”ThisquotemaybejustacomicstatementbyAmerican stand-up comedian Bill Maher, but it hints at thepossibility that people’s belief about immutability of crimi-nalityormoralcharacterisassociatedwiththeirpunitivenesstoward criminal offenders. The first objective of the presentresearchwastoempiricallydemonstratethisassociation.Thesecond,more important objective was to examine the medi-atingmechanismsunderlyingthisassociation.

26 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper examined cultural differences in responses to conflicting evaluative information and the resulting context-effects on automatic evaluation and found that both Canadian and Singaporean participants showed enhanced attention to context during exposure to counterattitudinal information.

9 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors address the questions of how people make sense of and respond to globalization and its sociocultural ramifications; how people defend the integrity of their heritage cultural identities against the "culturally erosive" effects of globalization, and how individuals harness creative insights from their interactions with global cultures.
Abstract: In most parts of the world, globalization has become an unstoppable and potent force that impacts everyday life and international relations. The articles in this issue draw on theoretical insights from diverse perspectives (clinical psychology, consumer research, organizational behavior, political psychology, and cultural psychology) to offer nuanced understanding of individuals’ psychological reactions to globalization in different parts of the world (Australia, Hong Kong, Japan, Mainland China, Singapore, Switzerland, United States, Taiwan). These articles address the questions of how people make sense of and respond to globalization and its sociocultural ramifications; how people defend the integrity of their heritage cultural identities against the “culturally erosive” effects of globalization, and how individuals harness creative insights from their interactions with global cultures. The new theoretical insights and revealing empirical analyses presented in this issue set the stage for an emergent interdisciplinary inquiry into the psychology of globalization.

163 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Six lessons for a cogent science of implicit bias are discussed that suggest that extant criticism does not justify the conclusion that implicit bias is irrelevant for the understanding of social discrimination and provide guidance for research that aims to provide more compelling evidence for the properties of implicit biases.
Abstract: Skepticism about the explanatory value of implicit bias in understanding social discrimination has grown considerably. The current article argues that both the dominant narrative about implicit bias as well as extant criticism are based on a selective focus on particular findings that fails to consider the broader literature on attitudes and implicit measures. To provide a basis to move forward, the current article discusses six lessons for a cogent science of implicit bias: (a) There is no evidence that people are unaware of the mental contents underlying their implicit biases; (b) conceptual correspondence is essential for interpretations of dissociations between implicit and explicit bias; (c) there is no basis to expect strong unconditional relations between implicit bias and behavior; (d) implicit bias is less (not more) stable over time than explicit bias; (e) context matters fundamentally for the outcomes obtained with implicit-bias measures; and (f) implicit measurement scores do not provide process-pure reflections of bias. The six lessons provide guidance for research that aims to provide more compelling evidence for the properties of implicit bias. At the same time, they suggest that extant criticism does not justify the conclusion that implicit bias is irrelevant for the understanding of social discrimination.

153 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article showed that exposure to a commercial product that embodies symbols of two dissimilar cultures can enhance perceptibility of cultural differences and perceptions of cultural incompatibility and individuals may display defensive responses to cultural contamination of an iconic cultural brand when mortality concerns are salient.
Abstract: In globalized economies, people often encounter symbols of dissimilar cultures simultaneously. Research on the psychological effects of simultaneous exposure to dissimilar cultures is therefore strategically located at the intersection of globalization, culture, and psychology. In seven experiments, we showed that exposure to a commercial product that embodies symbols of two dissimilar cultures can enhance perceptibility of cultural differences (Experiments 2, 5, and 6) and perceptions of cultural incompatibility (Experiment 1). Furthermore, following simultaneous exposure to two dissimilar cultures, individuals may display defensive responses to “cultural contamination” of an iconic cultural brand when mortality concerns are salient (Experiments 3, 4, and 7). Finally, although we obtained a robust bicultural exposure effect across experiments, thoughtful elaboration about cultural complexities can attenuate this effect and its attendant defensive responses to “cultural contamination” (Experiments 5–7).

106 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that leader moral humility predicts follower moral efficacy and moral behaviors above and beyond the effects of ethical leadership and leader general humility.
Abstract: This study utilizes social-cognitive theory, humble leadership theory, and the behavioral ethics literature to theoretically develop the concept of leader moral humility and its effects on followers. Specifically, we propose a theoretical model wherein leader moral humility and follower implicit theories about morality interact to predict follower moral efficacy, which in turn increases follower prosocial behavior and decreases follower unethical behavior. We furthermore suggest that these effects are strongest when followers hold an incremental implicit theory of morality (i.e., believing that one's morality is malleable). We test and find support for our theoretical model using two multiwave studies with Eastern (Study 1) and Western (Study 2) samples. Furthermore, we demonstrate that leader moral humility predicts follower moral efficacy and moral behaviors above and beyond the effects of ethical leadership and leader general humility. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

72 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present research proposed a construct termed global orientation to denote individual differences in the psychological processes of acculturating to the globalizing world, which encompasses multicultural acquisition as a proactive response and ethnic protection as a defensive response to globalization.
Abstract: The influences of globalization have permeated various aspects of life in contemporary society, from technical innovations, economic development, and lifestyles, to communication patterns. The present research proposed a construct termed global orientation to denote individual differences in the psychological processes of acculturating to the globalizing world. It encompasses multicultural acquisition as a proactive response and ethnic protection as a defensive response to globalization. Ten studies examined the applicability of global orientations among majority and minority groups, including immigrants and sojourners, in multicultural and relatively monocultural contexts, and across Eastern and Western cultures. Multicultural acquisition is positively correlated with both independent and interdependent self-construals, bilingual proficiency and usage, and dual cultural identifications. Multicultural acquisition is promotion-focused, while ethnic protection is prevention-focused and related to acculturative stress. Global orientations affect individuating and modest behavior over and above multicultural ideology, predict overlap with outgroups over and above political orientation, and predict psychological adaptation, sociocultural competence, tolerance, and attitudes toward ethnocultural groups over and above acculturation expectations/strategies. Global orientations also predict English and Chinese oral presentation performance in multilevel analyses and the frequency and pleasantness of intercultural contact in cross-lagged panel models. We discuss how the psychological study of global orientations contributes to theory and research on acculturation, cultural identity, and intergroup relations.

71 citations