High-resolution, scalable multi-touch sensing display systems and processes based on frustrated total internal reflection employ an optical waveguide that receives light, such as infrared light, that undergoes total internal reflection and an imaging sensor that detects light that escapes the optical waveguide caused by frustration of the total internal reflection due to contact by a user. The optical waveguide when fitted with a compliant surface overlay provides superior sensing performance, as well as other benefits and features. The systems and processes described provide true multi-touch (multi-input) and high-spatial and temporal resolution capability due to the continuous imaging of the frustrated total internal reflection that escapes the entire optical waveguide. Among other features and benefits, the systems and processes are scalable to large installations.

Multi-touch sensing through frustrated total internal reflection

High-resolution, scalable multi-touch sensing display systems and processes based on frustrated total internal reflection employ an optical waveguide that receives light, such as infrared light, that undergoes total internal reflection and an imaging sensor that detects light that escapes the optical waveguide caused by frustration of the total internal reflection due to contact by a user. The optical waveguide may be fitted with a compliant surface overlay to greatly improve sensing performance, minimize the affect of contaminants on and damage to the contact surface, to generally extend system life and to provide other benefits. The systems and processes provide true multi-touch (multi-input) and high-spatial and temporal resolution capability due to the continuous imaging of the frustrated total internal reflection that escapes the entire optical waveguide. Among other features and benefits, the systems and processes are scalable to large installations and are well suited for use with rear-projection and other display devices.

Multi-touch sensing display through frustrated total internal reflection

A new photopolymerizable material allows single-step, fast recording of volume holograms with properties that can be electrically controlled. Polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) in accordance with the invention preferably comprise a homogeneous mixture of a nematic liquid crystal and a multifunctional pentaacrylate monomer, in combination with photoinitiator, coinitiator and cross-linking agent. Optionally, a surfactant such as octanoic acid may also be added. The PDLC material is exposed to coherent light to produce an interference pattern inside the material. Photopolymerization of the new PDLC material produces a hologram of clearly separated liquid crystal domains and cured polymer domains. Volume transmission gratings made with the new PDLC material can be electrically switched between nearly 100% diffraction efficiency and nearly 0% diffraction efficiency. By increasing the frequency of the switching voltage, switching voltages in the range of 50 Vrms can be achieved.

Switchable volume hologram materials and devices

Encoded transmission and reception which reduces time side lobe are realized while suppressing increase of circuit scale. Transmission signals corresponding to a composite modulation code sequence composed from two or more modulation code sequences are outputted as transmission signals. A reception means demodulates reception signals stepwise by two or more demodulators. The demodulator can be thereby divided into two or more stages, and therefore with a circuit scale corresponding to the sum of the operation circuit numbers of two or more demodulators, time side lobe reduction effect can be obtained at a level equivalent to that obtainable with a circuit scale corresponding to the product of the operation circuit numbers of two or more demodulators.

Ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus

A biological detecting system comprising a light source; a condensing optical system for condensing a light beam from the light source and irradiating the surface of a sample to be detected with a spot of light, an imaging optical system for condensing light reflected or scattered by an irradiated portion of the sample and forming an image of the irradiated portion at a predetermined location, and a photodetector arranged at the predetermined location to detect the size of the image of the irradiated portion and output a detection signal indicating the detected size of the image.

Biological object detecting system and fingerprint collating system employing same

PURPOSE: To decrease the positional fluctuation of a beam on a scanning plane by forming a hologram disk into two-layered constitution in such a manner that the respective layers have diffraction directions of opposite tendencies and that the synthetic sum of the space frequencycies of the two-layered hologram have a max. point at the reconstruction point or near the same. CONSTITUTION: The hologram disk 10 having the two-layered construction is constituted by joining, via a spacer 15, the 1st disk 11 having the hologram 13 of which the interference fringes are made to a monotonic change space frequency by the interference of a spherical wave 17 diverged from one point A on the center line 16 of rotation and a plane wave 18 having the optical axis at the disk plane normal of the incident point of the reconstruction beam and the 2nd disk 12 having the hologram 14 of which the interference fringes are made to the monotonic change space frequency of the interference of the divergent spherical wave 19 diverged from the point (c) on the side outer than the reconstruction point with respect to the axis 16 of rotation and the plane wave 20 having the optical axis at the disk plane normal of the incident point of the reconstruction beam. The incident point of the reconstruction light moves merely near the max. point even if the disk 10 has eccentricity when part of the spherical wave 17 is made incident on the reconstruction point from the point A. COPYRIGHT: (C)1986,JPO&Japio

Optical beam scanner

PURPOSE: To prevent the misuse of a personal collation system through a subject by collating the personal information supplied via an input means for personal information with the personal information stored previously in an information collating dictionary through an information collating means after confirming that the subject is equal to a living body. CONSTITUTION: A living body detecting means 4 consists of a living body detecting optical system containing the short and long wavelength optical sensors 41 and 42, a comparison voltage generating circuit 43 which produces automatically the comparison voltage corresponding to the output voltage of the sensor 42, a living body discriminating comparator 44 with compares the comparison voltage with the output voltage of the sensor 41 and a touch detecting comparator 45 which detects a contact between a finger 12 and the sensor 42. Here a fact that a subject is a living body is confirmed by the means 4 utilizing the pressure dependance showing that the reflection factore has a big change with pressure of the finger 12 in a ≤580nm visible light area which is proper to the human skin. Then a fingerprint supplied from a fingerprint sensor 1 is collated with a fingerprint stored previously in an information collating dictionary 2. COPYRIGHT: (C)1986,JPO&Japio

Method and device for personal collation

PURPOSE: To allow to increase the number of columns of a character included in a bar code by providing a means to display plural types of bar codes arranged in the direction orthogonal to the arranging direction of a bar to constitute the bar code on the same merchandise and to prohibit the synthesization of the data read from different types of bar codes. CONSTITUTION: At a bar code reading device, a switch to select either of a through mode and a synthetic mode is provided. Plural types of bar codes 1a and 1b are displayed on the same merchandise and the through mode is selected. Thus, the possibility that the data read from different types of bar codes are synthesized is eliminated, and the data only composed of upper step left side data 1aL and upper step right side data 1aR or lower step left side data 1bL and lower step right side data 1bR can be fetched. COPYRIGHT: (C)1988,JPO&Japio

Bar code reading system

PURPOSE:To duplicate a copy hologram of high quality by interposing a hologram for noise removal which reflects high-order diffracted light of >=2th order generated by a master hologram substantially totally between a dry plate for copy hologram and the master hologram. CONSTITUTION:The hologram 51 for noise removal is arranged between the master hologram 11 and copy hologram dry plate. Light of 0th order and light of 1st order which are made incident on the hologram 51 from the master hologram 11 are transmitted through the hologram 51 and made incident on the copy hologram dry plate to form a hologram on the photosensitive material 25 of the copy hologram dry plate. High-order light from the master hologram 11, on the other hand, is diffracted by the hologram 51, but its angle of diffraction is larger than the critical angle of a hologram substrate 53, so the light is reflected totally by the projection end surface of the substrate 53 and never projected out. Consequently, a copy hologram formed by copying the master hologram by exposure is of high quality which does not contain any noise due to the high-order light.

Duplicating method for hologram

PURPOSE:To obtain an aberration correcting hologram lens for generating an optimum incident wave by using a laser beam having wavelength shorter than that of a reproduced wave, setting up a spherical aberration wave or an astigmatism wave as a reference wave and using a comatic aberration as an object wave to form an aberration correcting hologram lens. CONSTITUTION:The titled scanner is provided with a scanning hologram lens 22 having positionally different distribution of space frequency to diffract an incident wave to be a semiconductor laser beam and scan the refracted wave and the aberration correcting hologram lens 12 for converting converging waves radiated from a semiconductor laser 21 into an incident wave having a wave surface uniformly reducing the aberrations on plural focus points in all scanning areas of scanning beams radiated from said hologram lens 22. Consequently, the wavelength of an aberration correcting hologram lens forming wave is set up to a value shorter than that of a semiconductor laser beam to be a reproduced wave, a spherical aberation wave or an astigmatism wave is used as a reference wave and a comatic aberration is used as an object wave to form the aberration correcting hologram lens.

Yushi Inagaki

Papers

Optical beam scanner

Method and device for personal collation

Bar code reading system

Duplicating method for hologram

Optical beam scanner and production thereof