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Clinical management of poisoning and drug overdose

Major recent advances Magnetic fluid rheology and flow advances in the past year include: (1) generalization of the magnetization relaxation equation by Shliomis and Felderhof and generalization of the governing ferrohydrodynamic equations by Rosensweig and Felderhof; (2) advances in such biomedical applications as drug delivery, hyperthermia, and magnetic resonance imaging; (3) use of the antisymmetric part of the viscous stress tensor due to spin velocity to lower the effective magnetoviscosity to zero and negative values; (4) and ultrasound velocity profile measurements of spin-up flow showing counter-rotating surface and co-rotating volume flows in a uniform rotating magnetic field. Recent advances in magnetic fluid rheology and flows are reviewed including extensions of the governing magnetization relaxation and ferrohydrodynamic equations with a viscous stress tensor that has an antisymmetric part due to spin velocity; derivation of the magnetic susceptibility tensor in a ferrofluid with spin velocity and its relationship to magnetically controlled heating; magnetic force and torque analysis, measurements, resulting flow phenomena, with device and biomedical applications; effective magnetoviscosity analysis and measurements including zero and negative values, not just reduced viscosity; ultrasound velocity profile measurements of spin-up flow showing counter-rotating surface and co-rotating volume flows in a uniform rotating magnetic field; theory and optical measurements of ferrofluid meniscus shape for tangential and perpendicular magnetic fields; new theory and measurements of ferrohydrodynamic flows and instabilities and of thermodiffusion (Soret effect) phenomena.

Magnetic fluid rheology and flows

Health risk assessment of various metal(loid)s via multiple exposure pathways on children living near a typical lead-acid battery plant, China

Rapid urban population growth, air pollution emissions, and changing patterns of disease in African cities may increase the burden of air pollution-related morbidity and mortality in coming decades. Yet, air monitoring is limited across the continent and many countries lack air quality standards. This paper focuses on particulate matter (PM) pollution, one of the most relevant and widely used indicators of urban air quality. We provide an overview of published PM monitoring studies in Africa, outline major themes, point out data gaps, and discuss strategies for addressing particulate air pollution in rapidly growing African cities. Our review reveals that, although few studies have reported annual mean levels of coarse and fine particles, collective evidence from short- and long-term air monitoring studies across urban Africa demonstrates that pollution levels often exceed international guidelines. Furthermore, pollution levels may be rising as a result of increased motor vehicle traffic building on already high background concentrations of PM in many locations due to climatic and geographic conditions. Biomass burning and industrial activities, often located in cities, further exacerbate levels of PM. Despite the health risks this situation presents, air quality programs, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, have been stalled or discontinued in recent years. Implementation of systematic PM data collection would enable air pollution-related health impact assessments, the development of strategies to reduce the air pollution health burden, and facilitate urban planning and transportation policy as it relates to air quality and health.

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Particulate matter pollution in African cities

Achieving sustainable energy development in a region requires rational use of energy resources and technologies, and the development of appropriate policies. Three concerns are therefore required to achieve these issues: (i) to acquire a picture of the local current energy situation, (ii) to measure the state of development and the progress towards a sustainable energy system, and (iii) to have energy decision- and policy-makers fully aware of the implications on sustainable development of selected policies. It is in this perspective and in the frame of activities on sustainable energy for all and access to energy in developing countries carried out by the UNESCO Chair in Energy for Sustainable Development, that we developed this review. The objective of this paper is to depict the current energy situation of Africa by using the most up to date data, describing it as far as the concept of sustainable development is concerned, and to see if and how energy policies promoted by local players fit with this asset. We assess the energy situation of Africa by combining (i) data, mainly by the International Energy Agency, about national energy balances for primary and electric energy, the Energy Development Index and energy resources, with (ii) a more comprehensive analysis of the African energy system, accomplished by the Energy Indicators for Sustainable Development. An overview of the energy-related policies and action plans developed by different local players in the African continent is also carried out with the goal of providing remarks by coupling such plans with the above mentioned energy analysis.

Sustainable energy in Africa: A comprehensive data and policies review

Static and dynamic characteristics of magnetized journal bearings lubricated with ferrofluid

Experimental assessment of hydrostatic thrust bearing performance

Assessment of particulate matter and lead levels in the Greater Cairo area for the period 1998–2007

Journal bearings operating with non-newtonian lubricant films

This work is concerned with theoretical study of hydrodynamic journal bearings lubricated with ferrofluids exhibiting non-Newtonian behavior Based on the momentum and continuity equations for ferrofluid under an applied magnetic field, a modified Reynolds equation has been obtained Assuming linear behavior for the magnetic material of the ferrofluid, the magnetic force was calculated The Reynolds equation has been derived to be able to apply to any magnetic field distribution model Using different magnetic field models, the equation has been solved numerically by the finite-difference technique with appropriate iterative technique and pressure distributions have been obtained The boundary shape of the load-carrying active regions (positive-pressure regions) and cavitation regions (zero-pressure regions) could be then determined The solution renders the bearing performance characteristics, namely: load-carrying capacity, attitude angle of the journal center, frictional force at the journal surface, friction coefficient and bearing side leakage The results indicated that the flow-behavior index has a large effect on the bearing performance When the bearing operates at high eccentricity ratios, the increase of flow-behavior index gives higher load capacity, lower attitude angle, higher frictional force, lower friction coefficient and higher side leakage At low eccentricity ratios where the magnetic effects are significant, the effect of the flow-behavior index depends mainly on the magnetic field distribution model used

Z.S. Safar

Papers

Static and dynamic characteristics of magnetized journal bearings lubricated with ferrofluid

Experimental assessment of hydrostatic thrust bearing performance

Assessment of particulate matter and lead levels in the Greater Cairo area for the period 1998–2007

Journal bearings operating with non-newtonian lubricant films

Different magnetic models in the design of hydrodynamic journal bearings lubricated with non-Newtonian ferrofluid