The processes by which book illustrations were printed and reproduced underwent dramatic changes between 1780 and 1860. The arrival of lithography, the invention of steel engraving and the revival of wood engraving had lasting effects on the market for illustrated books, which gave rise to the ‘golden age’ of illustration by the 1860s. This thesis assesses the function of book illustration amidst the technological, commercial, cultural and social changes that took place before the onset of this golden age of illustration. It does so through the lens of illustrations’ materiality: the form, shape and size of illustrations, which inform both the visual contents of illustrations as well as the position they occupy on the page and arrangement across the book. It argues that a greater appreciation of the print surfaces reveals more about how illustrations both shaped and were shaped by the social, cultural, commercial and intellectual contexts in which they were produced. This thesis intersects between bibliographical approaches that have enriched our understanding of the techniques and surfaces used to reproduce book illustrations, and visual culture studies that foreground the graphic contents of such illustrations. Macro analyses of the changes to printing techniques across different subjects, in addition to micro-analytical studies of individual illustrations and books allows for a greater understanding of the diverse and often complex roles illustrations played in these books, which often transcended considerations of narrative or genre. Furthermore, by applying computational and digital methods, we can begin to understand broader patterns of illustration both within the book and across different subjects that would not otherwise be possible. As such, this thesis has implications for the history of the book, visual culture studies, digital humanities, and the history of the subjects and genres that have been used as case studies.

Making an Impression: An Assessment of the Role of Print Surfaces Within the Technological, Commercial, Intellectual and Cultural Trajectory of Book Illustration, c. 1780-c.1860

An investigation across 45 languages and 12 language families reveals a universal language network

Au croisement de la fantasy, ce genre de l’imaginaire qui a recu ses lettres de noblesse avec J.R.R. Tolkien et jouit aujourd’hui d’une immense popularite, et des romans neo-victoriens, ces reecritures contemporaines du canon historique et litteraire du XIXe siecle apparues dans les annees 1960, la fantasy neo-victorienne exhibe ses dragons a vapeur. Tributaire de differents genres et sous-genres, il s’agit d’une litterature paradoxale, prise entre progres et regret, speculation et nostalgie. Le contexte victorien renvoie la fantasy a sa premiere naissance dans les annees 1890, et plus largement a l’emergence de la paralitterature et des litteratures de l’imaginaire (roman policier, fantastique, horreur, science-fiction), heritieres du roman gothique du XVIIIe siecle. Il est necessaire de decrypter l’arbre genealogique de l’imaginaire pour comprendre les genres hybrides contemporains, tels que la fantasy urbaine et le steampunk, qui representent a eux deux une partie majeure de la fantasy neo-victorienne. Cette dimension genetique est mise au service d’une poetique autant que d’une politique : il importe justement de definir la valeur du prefixe neo- et de distinguer les moments ou le neo-victorianisme penche vers le neo-conservatisme. Quel engagement pour la fantasy neo-victorienne, cette litterature du present qui interroge et transforme le passe victorien ? Des voyages a dos de dragon a l’heritage de l’Empire britannique, des bas-fonds de Londres aux mondes paralleles de l’uchronie, des zombies aux fanfictions, la recherche d’une poetique nous amene a problematiser l’importance de la fiction dans notre vision du monde.

Dragons à vapeur : vers une poétique de la fantasy néo-victorienne contemporaine

How does food restore the fragmented world of migrants and the displaced ? What similar processes are involved in challenging, maintaining or reinforcing divisions between groups coexisting in the same living place ? "Food Identities at home and on the move" examines how "home" is negotiated around food in the current worldwide context of uncertainty, mobility and displacement Drawing on empirical approaches to heritage, identity and migration studies, the contributors analyse the relationship between food and the various understandings of home and dwelling With case studies on sushi around the world, food as heritage in the Afghan diaspora and Mexican foodways in Chicago, these chapters offer novel readings on the convergence of food and migration studies, the anthropology of space and place and the field of mobility by focusing on how entangled stories of food and home are put on display for constructing the present and imagining the future

Food identities at home and on the move : explorations at the intersection of food, belonging and dwelling

For over a century, British authors have been writing about the Antarctic for child audiences, and yet Antarctic literature for children has never been considered as a unique body of work or given significant critical attention. This thesis represents the first in-depth examination of Antarctic literature for children written or published in Britain. Representations of the Antarctic hold particular relevance within the British context, as Britain retains significant territorial claims to Antarctic territories and British explorers have played a key role in Antarctic history. This thesis expands upon existing work focusing on literature for adults about the Antarctic including Francis Spufford’s 1996 I May be Some Time: Ice and the English Imagination and Elizabeth Leane’s 2012 Antarctica in Fiction. Over a century of writing about the continent for children is interrogated, covering a period between 1895 and 2017. The thesis identifies, and provides a detailed examination of, the six dominant genres of literature about the Antarctic written for children. These genres are: whaling literature, “Heroic Era” exploration literature, subversive exploration literature, adventure literature, fantasy literature, and animal stories. This thesis focuses on representations of landscape within Antarctic literature for children, and draws on the work of landscape theorists and cultural geographers including Yi Fu Tuan, Roderick Nash, Greg Garrard and William Cronon to examine how authors for children have imagined the Antarctic as a wilderness. The thesis draws on, and adds to, existing examinations of landscape within children’s literature, specifically Jane Suzanne Carroll’s 2011 Landscape in Children’s Literature. The thesis utilises Mikhail Bakhtin’s theory of chronotopes to explore how time-space is constructed within Antarctic literature for children and the impact of time upon child and adult protagonists within the children’s texts. Finally, the thesis examines representations of death and survival in Antarctic literature for children.

Antarctica in children's literature

This thesis has two aims. The first one is to elucidate how Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland (1865) functions as a Bildungsroman, and the other one is to demonstrate how the novel also has a coming of age aspect based on feminism. Whilst Alice matures in the traditional sense, she also in parallel does so as a stronger female fighting for gender rights with signs of feminism. The feminist angle as well as the surreal world of Wonderland makes the novel a not very obvious Bildungsroman in a genre dominated by male protagonists. For Alice to be a young female child who ends up in a fantasy world thus makes her a very fascinating character. The central hypothesis of this thesis is that what Alice is exposed to and reacts to in Wonderland generally reflects the genre of a Bildungsroman and also specifically a feminist Bildungsroman. Theoretical framework is based on the ideas of Franco Moretti, Mikhail Bakhtin, Thomas Jeffers, Carol Lazzaro-Weis, George Eliot and Elizabeth Drew Stoddard, as well as novels by Eliot and Stoddard. This includes dynamic protagonists, unpredictable development, symbols of modernity, the quest for universality, and minor characters who make sure that the protagonist develops, as well as feminist struggle by means of disregarding the „cult of true womanhood‟ in a genre and society dominated by men.

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Papers

不思議の国のアリス = Alice's adventures in woderland

政次 尾上

Papers

不思議の国のアリス = Alice's adventures in woderland

政次尾上