https://myresearchspace.uws.ac.uk/ws/files/10035559/Accepted_Author_Manuscript.pdf

Developments of electric cars and fuel cell hydrogen electric cars

A comprehensive review of the key technologies for pure electric vehicles

Fuzzy logic is used to define a new quantity called the battery working state (BWS), which is based on both battery terminal voltage and state of charge (SOC), to overcome the problem of battery over-discharge and associated damage resulting from inaccurate estimates of the SOC. The BWS is used by a fuzzy logic energy-management system of a plug-in series hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) to make a decision on the power split between the battery and the engine, based on the BWS and vehicle power demand, while controlling the engine to work in its fuel economic region. The fuzzy logic management system was tested in real time using an HEV simulation test bench with a real battery in the loop. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed fuzzy logic energy-management system under different driving conditions and battery SOCs. The results indicate that the fuzzy logic energy-management system using the BWS was effective in ensuring that the engine operates in the vicinity of its maximum fuel efficiency region while preventing the battery from over-discharging.

Energy and Battery Management of a Plug-In Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle Using Fuzzy Logic

Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are one of the most viable technologies to achieve the goals of energy saving and environmental protection before a breakthrough in battery technology and fuel cell technology. Energy management strategy as a key technology of HEVs is studied extensively and deeply to improve the performance of HEVs and speed up the industrialization of HEVs. This paper quantitatively analyzes and evaluates current research status of energy management strategies for HEVs based on bibliometrics for the first time, through content analysis involving analysis of author keywords and abstracts. Then qualitative analysis is performed for all kinds of energy management strategies that are used in HEVs in detail, essential characteristics involving pros and cons, interconnections and improvement potential among various energy management strategies are revealed from the view of control theory. Finally, latest developing trends in energy management strategies of HEVs are presented to improve the performance of HEVs based on above quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis, covering driving cycle recognition/prediction algorithms, integrated multi-objective, coordinated optimization energy management strategies, good balance between computation complexity and optimization performance of energy management strategies, fair and credible evaluation system of energy management strategies. This paper not only first provides a comprehensive analysis of energy management strategies for HEVs, but also puts forward the emphasis and orientation of future study, which will broaden relevant researchers׳ vision and promote the development of a simple and practical energy management controller with low cost and high performance for HEVs.

A comprehensive analysis of energy management strategies for hybrid electric vehicles based on bibliometrics

Fuel cell (FC) application in vehicular technology has gained much popularity since the past few years. Typically, fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle (FCHEV) consists of fuel cell, battery and/or ultracapacitor (UC) as the power sources. The power converter is integrated to the power sources to form the hybrid FC system. This helps to compensate the drawback of individual power sources. Apart from the technical efficiency of power sources itself, the performance of an FCHEV is governed by the efficiency of power electronics and associated controller. In this paper, a state-of-the-art of vehicle classification is reviewed, in which the focus is placed on the deployment of fuel cell, battery, ultracapacitor and flywheel. The configurations used in FCHEV, followed by the updated power converter topologies, are also discussed. The topologies are categorized and discussed according to the power stages and control techniques used in the configurations. Then, multiple stages conversion and single stage topologies are described chronologically. The advantages and disadvantages of each topology, safety standards, current situation and environmental impact of FCHEV are also discussed. In addition, the current development of FCHEV, challenges and future prospects are also elaborated. The rapid growth of FC based research and technology has paved great prospects for FCHEVs in the near future, with the prediction of the competitive cost of hydrogen as compared to gasoline.

Fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles: A review on power conditioning units and topologies

Energy management strategy based on fuzzy logic for a fuel cell hybrid bus

Development and performance analysis of a hybrid fuel cell/battery bus with an axle integrated electric motor drive system

An interleaved step-up/step-down converter for fuel cell vehicle applications

This paper presents the system modeling, control strategy design, and experiment validation of a parallel hybrid electric bus with an automatic manual transmission (AMT) and a dry clutch. The mathematical model representation and the system architecture of the powertrain are first described. Next, a complete control scheme including energy management strategy and coordinated control of the AMT and the clutch is presented. The controller and powertrain models are then integrated in a way that the power management and the hybrid driveline perform in real world. The analysis and validation through model simulation and comparison with experiment data are conducted. A good agreement between the model and experiment demonstrates the efficacy and credibility of the integrated model. The integrated model is employed in both simulation and bench-test assessments for the development of a hybrid control unit. The results indicate that the model-based design methodology is beneficial to systematically analyzing and understanding the dynamics of hybrid electric powertrain.

Modeling and control strategy development of a parallel hybrid electric bus

The invention relates to a dynamic load simulating device and a dynamic load simulating method for an automobile power system test, and belongs to the technical field of vehicle power system tests. The dynamic load simulating device comprises a control computer, a dynamometer controller, a frequency converter, an alternating current (AC) power dynamometer and a torque flange with a controller. A virtual automobile model-based control algorithm is adopted, a virtual automobile model is driven by an actual measurement torque, and the simulation of the rolling resistance, wind resistance and the inertia resistance of a vehicle is realized under the conditions of not calculating angular acceleration of the dynamometer. The dynamic load simulating device and the dynamic load simulating method have high stability and high simulation precision, are favorable for shortening the development cycle of an automobile power system and providing convenient test environment for the development of the power system. A process that the vehicle acceleration is acquired by differentiating the rotation speed of the automobile power system is avoided in the calculation process, and a phenomenon that accurate differential values are difficult to acquire due to relatively large noise caused by the process of differentiating the rotation speed is prevented.

Zhenhua Jin

Papers

Energy management strategy based on fuzzy logic for a fuel cell hybrid bus

Development and performance analysis of a hybrid fuel cell/battery bus with an axle integrated electric motor drive system

An interleaved step-up/step-down converter for fuel cell vehicle applications

Modeling and control strategy development of a parallel hybrid electric bus

Dynamic load simulating device and method for automobile power system test