There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

Many potential applications have been proposed for carbon nanotubes, including conductive and high-strength composites; energy storage and energy conversion devices; sensors; field emission displays and radiation sources; hydrogen storage media; and nanometer-sized semiconductor devices, probes, and interconnects. Some of these applications are now realized in products. Others are demonstrated in early to advanced devices, and one, hydrogen storage, is clouded by controversy. Nanotube cost, polydispersity in nanotube type, and limitations in processing and assembly methods are important barriers for some applications of single-walled nanotubes.

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/297/5582/787.full.pdf

Carbon Nanotubes--the Route Toward Applications

Superconducting Epitaxial (TlBi)0.9Sr1.6Ba0.4Ca2 Cu3Ag0.2Ox Film from an Electrodeposited Precursor.

Among various chemical vapor deposition methods, direct-current plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition is one of the most important methods to align carbon nanotubes. Highly ordered carbon nanotube arrays can be in situ grown by the method, widely being used in various chemical and biosensors. In this chapter, we introduce the equipment, physics, and experimental parameters of direct-current plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition to in situ grow carbon nanotube arrays.

Physics of Direct Current Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition

Introduction of exogenous DNA into mammalian cells represents a powerful approach for manipulating signal transduction However, the currently available techniques have serious limits in terms of either low transduction efficiency or low cell viability It is found that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can mediate molecule transportations via various mechanisms We have reported a highly efficient molecular delivery technique, called nanotube spearing, based on the penetration of Ni-particle-embedded nanotubes into cell membranes by magnetic field driving DNA was immobilized onto the nanotubes and subsequently speared into targeted cells We have achieved a high transduction efficiency in Bal 17 B-lymphoma cell line, ex vivo B cells, and primary neurons with high viability This technique may provide a powerful tool for highly efficient gene transfer in a variety of cells, especially, in the hard-to-transfect cells However, CNTs have been associated with environmental and public health concerns which arose in the course of research on possible biomedical applications The disturbances CNTs cause in the immune system have been met with particular interest because any ideal in vivo application of CNTs should not trigger any undesirable bodily responses It is imperative to unravel the effects of CNTs on B cells, which represent the humoral component of acquired immunity, so that the potential risk of CNTs to public health can be thoroughly understood and advanced strategies can be employed to develop safe applications We investigated the compatibility of the PECVD nanotubes and the nanospearing procedure in terms of cell viability, growth, and intracellular signal pathways by means of flow cytometry and biochemical analysis No additional cell death was observed after the spearing treatment, nor had B cell activation been indicated by changes in cell size, growth, CD69 expression, and kinase phosphorylation The post-spearing cells preserve the ability to respond to stimulation in as robust a manner as cells left untreated Our study suggests the biocompatibility of the nanospearing procedure and PECVD nanotubes under the proposed spearing conditions with regard to the humoral component of the immune system, therefore, reducing concerns that surround in vivo applications of CNTs

Nanospearing – Biomolecule Delivery and Its Biocompatibility

Improving thermal stability and revealing physical mechanism in n-type Mg3Sb2-Bi for practical applications

Muon spin rotation measurements are reported for GdSr2Cu2RuO8, a material with an onset temperature for superconductivity of about 45 K (which is virtually the same for its superconducting sister compounds Sr2YRu1− u Cu u O6 and Gd2− z Ce z Sr2Cu2RuO10). The data indicate two magnetic ordering transitions, at about 15 K and about 130 K, in addition to the Gd ordering transition known to occur at about 2.6 K. We tentatively attribute the 130 K transition to Ru and the 15 K transition to Cu ordering, effectively ruling out any superconducting mechanism based on fluctuating magnetic moments, which are frozen below about 15 K. If there is only one mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity, then the three facts that (i) all three sister compounds have essentially the same onset T c for superconductivity and (ii) all three of these compounds contain SrO layers but (iii) only two of the three compounds, GdSr2Cu2RuO8 and Gd2− z Ce z Sr2Cu2RuO10 (and not Sr2YRu1− u Cu u O6) contain cuprate planes imply that ...

https://www.bc.edu/content/dam/files/schools/cas_sites/physics/pdf/Ren/p116.pdf

Zhifeng Ren

Papers

Superconducting Epitaxial (TlBi)0.9Sr1.6Ba0.4Ca2 Cu3Ag0.2Ox Film from an Electrodeposited Precursor.

Physics of Direct Current Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition

Nanospearing – Biomolecule Delivery and Its Biocompatibility

Improving thermal stability and revealing physical mechanism in n-type Mg3Sb2-Bi for practical applications

Muon spin rotation in GdSr2Cu2RuO8: implications