Author
Zhong Chen
Other affiliations: Institute of High Performance Computing Singapore, National Institute of Education, University of Rochester Medical Center ...read more
Bio: Zhong Chen is an academic researcher from Nanyang Technological University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Medicine & Chemistry. The author has an hindex of 80, co-authored 1000 publications receiving 28171 citations. Previous affiliations of Zhong Chen include Institute of High Performance Computing Singapore & National Institute of Education.
Topics: Medicine, Chemistry, Catalysis, Coating, Adsorption
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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15 May 2006-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
TL;DR: In this paper, the tensile strength and fracture behavior of Cu/electroless Ni-P/Sn-3.5Ag solder joint were investigated under high-temperature solid-state aging.
Abstract: Tensile strength and fracture behavior of Cu/electroless Ni–P/Sn–3.5Ag (wt.% Ag) solder joint were investigated under high-temperature solid-state aging. The aging results showed that the Ni3Sn4 intermetallic phase grows at the electroless Ni–P/Sn–3.5Ag interface, along with the transformation of the underlying electroless Ni–P layer into Ni3P compound. However, after complete consumption of the electroless Ni–P layer, a ternary Ni–Sn–P compound also starts to grow between Ni3Sn4 and Ni3P layers in conjunction with the depletion of Cu from the Cu surface. It was found that while both the growth of Ni3Sn4 and depletion of Cu deteriorate the solder joint strength, the strength is deteriorated more with the latter. The growth of Ni3Sn4 and depletion of Cu were found to influence the failure mode and fracture surfaces of the solder joint, also. The failure mode changed from ductile to brittle and the fracture surfaces shifted from inside the bulk solder to the Ni3Sn4/Sn–3.5Ag interface due to the growth of Ni3Sn4. The failure mode became very brittle and the fracture surfaces shifted to the interface between Cu surface and Ni3 Po r Ni–Sn–P layer due to the depletion of Cu. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
22 citations
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09 Jul 1999TL;DR: In this article, a method of fabricating a device comprising mechanically patterning a device layer using a stamp containing the desired pattern is presented, where the stamp is pressed against the substrate under a load which patterns the device layer without cracking it in the non-patterned areas.
Abstract: A method of fabricating a device comprising mechanically patterning a device layer using a stamp containing the desired pattern. The device layer is formed on a plastic or polymeric substrate. The stamp is pressed against the substrate under a load which patterns the device layer without cracking it in the non-patterned areas.
21 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of modifying the Cu/dielectric cap interface on electromigration EM in dual-damascene interconnect structures is presented, where the Cu surface was treated with reducing NH3,H 2 and reactive SiH4 gases immediately after chemical mechanical polishing, but prior to SiNx dielectric capping.
Abstract: The effect of modifying Cu/dielectric cap interface on electromigration EM in dual-damascene interconnect structures is presented. The Cu surface was treated with reducing NH3 ,H 2 and reactive SiH4 gases immediately after chemical mechanical polishing, but prior to SiNx dielectric cap deposition. Thus, compositions change at the interface capped by different layers including copper silicide and nitride. The Cu/SiNx interfacial reactions upon different treatments were detailed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, which correlated to the EM lifetimes very well. NH3 treated samples showed similar failure times as control samples with no surface treatment. Significant improvement was observed for hydrogen plasma and silane treatment structures. It is found that, upon different surface treatments, formation of Cu silicide has a higher impact on EM lifetime improvement than formation of Cu nitride.
21 citations
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TL;DR: The rational design of a T1-T2 dual-modal MRI contrast agent for accurate imaging of tumor metastasis in LNs using gadolinium-embedded iron oxide nanoplates (GdIOP) is reported.
Abstract: Precise nodal staging is particularly important to guide the treatments and determine the prognosis for cancer patients. However, it is still challenging to noninvasively and precisely detect in-depth tumor metastasis in lymph nodes (LNs) because of the small size and high potential of obtaining pseudopositive results. Herein, we report the rational design of a T1–T2 dual-modal MRI contrast agent for accurate imaging of tumor metastasis in LNs using gadolinium-embedded iron oxide nanoplates (GdIOP). The GdIOP were modulated with suitable size in vivo through surface functionalization by zwitterionic dopamine sulfonate (ZDS) molecules. The efficient uptake of GdIOP@ZDS nanoparticles through drainage effect because of the presence of large amount of macrophages and dendritic cells generates both T1 and T2 contrasts in LNs. In contrast, the low uptake of protein-corona-free GdIOP@ZDS nanoparticles by melanoma B16 tumor cells promises pseudocontrast imaging of potential tumor metastasis in LNs. The combinatio...
21 citations
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TL;DR: Self-recognizing and stimulus-responsive carrier-free metal-coordinated nanotheranostics that showed strongly synergistic potency for tumor photo-chemotherapy under the precise guidance of magnetic resonance/photoacoustic/fluorescence imaging, thereby achieving highly effective tumor curing efficiency.
Abstract: Carrier-free nanotheranostics directly assembled by using clinically used photosensitizers and chemotherapeutic drugs are a promising alternative to tumor theranostics. However, the weak interaction-driven assembly still suffers from low structural stability against disintegration, lack of targeting specificity, and poor stimulus-responsive property. Moreover, almost all exogenous ligands possess no therapeutic effect. Enlightened by the concept of metal-organic frameworks, we developed a novel self-recognizing metal-coordinated nanotheranostic agent by the coordination-driven co-assembly of photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) and chemo-drug methotrexate (MTX, also served as a specific "targeting ligand" towards folate receptors), in which ferric (FeIII) ions acted as a bridge to tightly associate ICG with MTX. Such carrier-free metal-coordinated nanotheranostics with high dual-drug payload (∼94 wt%) not only possessed excellent structural and physiological stability, but also exhibited prolonged blood circulation. In addition, the nanotheranostics could achieve the targeted on-demand drug release by both stimuli of internal lysosomal acidity and external near-infrared laser. More importantly, the nanotheranostics could self-recognize the cancer cells and selectively target the tumors, and therefore they decreased toxicity to normal tissues and organs. Consequently, the nanotheranostics showed strongly synergistic potency for tumor photo-chemotherapy under the precise guidance of magnetic resonance/photoacoustic/fluorescence imaging, thereby achieving highly effective tumor curing efficiency. Considering that ICG and bi-functional MTX are approved by the Food and Drug Administration, and FeIII ions have high biosafety, the self-recognizing and stimulus-responsive carrier-free metal-coordinated nanotheranostics may hold potential applications in tumor theranostics.
21 citations
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TL;DR: There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one, which seems an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.
Abstract: There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.
Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …
33,785 citations
01 May 1993
TL;DR: Comparing the results to the fastest reported vectorized Cray Y-MP and C90 algorithm shows that the current generation of parallel machines is competitive with conventional vector supercomputers even for small problems.
Abstract: Three parallel algorithms for classical molecular dynamics are presented. The first assigns each processor a fixed subset of atoms; the second assigns each a fixed subset of inter-atomic forces to compute; the third assigns each a fixed spatial region. The algorithms are suitable for molecular dynamics models which can be difficult to parallelize efficiently—those with short-range forces where the neighbors of each atom change rapidly. They can be implemented on any distributed-memory parallel machine which allows for message-passing of data between independently executing processors. The algorithms are tested on a standard Lennard-Jones benchmark problem for system sizes ranging from 500 to 100,000,000 atoms on several parallel supercomputers--the nCUBE 2, Intel iPSC/860 and Paragon, and Cray T3D. Comparing the results to the fastest reported vectorized Cray Y-MP and C90 algorithm shows that the current generation of parallel machines is competitive with conventional vector supercomputers even for small problems. For large problems, the spatial algorithm achieves parallel efficiencies of 90% and a 1840-node Intel Paragon performs up to 165 faster than a single Cray C9O processor. Trade-offs between the three algorithms and guidelines for adapting them to more complex molecular dynamics simulations are also discussed.
29,323 citations
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28,685 citations
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TL;DR: The editors have done a masterful job of weaving together the biologic, the behavioral, and the clinical sciences into a single tapestry in which everyone from the molecular biologist to the practicing psychiatrist can find and appreciate his or her own research.
Abstract: I have developed "tennis elbow" from lugging this book around the past four weeks, but it is worth the pain, the effort, and the aspirin. It is also worth the (relatively speaking) bargain price. Including appendixes, this book contains 894 pages of text. The entire panorama of the neural sciences is surveyed and examined, and it is comprehensive in its scope, from genomes to social behaviors. The editors explicitly state that the book is designed as "an introductory text for students of biology, behavior, and medicine," but it is hard to imagine any audience, interested in any fragment of neuroscience at any level of sophistication, that would not enjoy this book. The editors have done a masterful job of weaving together the biologic, the behavioral, and the clinical sciences into a single tapestry in which everyone from the molecular biologist to the practicing psychiatrist can find and appreciate his or
7,563 citations
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TL;DR: It is anticipated that this review can stimulate a new research doorway to facilitate the next generation of g-C3N4-based photocatalysts with ameliorated performances by harnessing the outstanding structural, electronic, and optical properties for the development of a sustainable future without environmental detriment.
Abstract: As a fascinating conjugated polymer, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has become a new research hotspot and drawn broad interdisciplinary attention as a metal-free and visible-light-responsive photocatalyst in the arena of solar energy conversion and environmental remediation. This is due to its appealing electronic band structure, high physicochemical stability, and “earth-abundant” nature. This critical review summarizes a panorama of the latest progress related to the design and construction of pristine g-C3N4 and g-C3N4-based nanocomposites, including (1) nanoarchitecture design of bare g-C3N4, such as hard and soft templating approaches, supramolecular preorganization assembly, exfoliation, and template-free synthesis routes, (2) functionalization of g-C3N4 at an atomic level (elemental doping) and molecular level (copolymerization), and (3) modification of g-C3N4 with well-matched energy levels of another semiconductor or a metal as a cocatalyst to form heterojunction nanostructures. The constructi...
5,054 citations