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Zhong-Yu Xie

Bio: Zhong-Yu Xie is an academic researcher from University of Science and Technology of China. The author has contributed to research in topics: Atom economy & Depolymerization. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 1 publications receiving 6 citations.

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TL;DR: The reaction is green and simple, and proceeds in one pot with high atom economy, which provides a promising approach to synthesizing γ-lactones, which could be produced when the substrate was extended to terminal hydroxyfatty acids.
Abstract: γ-Lactones are an important class of fine chemical products and are widely used in perfumes, medicines, pesticides, dyes, and other fields. Herein, a new method for γ-lactones preparation based on ring contraction was developed. Starting from macrolides, W(OTf)6 was used to catalyze the ring-opening polymerization then depolymerization. The depolymerization step was not a common ring-closing process, and the carbon number of the ring was reduced one by one by rearrangement to form the most thermodynamically stable five-membered ring compounds. γ-Caprolactone (180 °C for 10 h) was obtained in a yield of 94 % when [EMIM]OTf was used as the solvent, and the yield of isolated product was up to 85 %. The interaction of various components and the reaction mechanism were studied by FTIR spectroscopy and 1 H NMR spectroscopy, respectively. Furthermore, γ-lactones could be produced when the substrate was extended to terminal hydroxyfatty acids. Unexpectedly, the catalyst was poisoned by 1 equivalent of H2 O added during the process and thus the yield decreased greatly. The reaction is green and simple, and proceeds in one pot with high atom economy (100 % for macrolides and with water as the only byproduct for terminal hydroxyfatty acid), which provides a promising approach to synthesizing γ-lactones.

11 citations


Cited by
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Zhihao Yu1, Xuebin Lu2, Xuebin Lu1, Jian Xiong2, Na Ji1 
TL;DR: The transformation pathway from LA to VAEs was presented, and the bifunctional catalytic systems for the cascade transformation of LA to valeric acid (VA) and its esters as well as the one-pot conversion processes were thoroughly reviewed.
Abstract: Valerate esters (VAEs) commonly derived from levulinic acid (LA), which is deemed as one of the most promising biomass platform molecules, have been hailed as "valeric biofuels" in recent years. The cascade transformation of LA to VAEs consists of a series of acid- and metal-catalyzed processes alternately, in which heterogeneous bifunctional catalysts are required for better catalytic performance. The transformation pathway from LA to VAEs is presented, and bifunctional catalytic systems for the cascade transformation of LA into valeric acid (VA) and its esters, as well as one-pot conversion processes, are reviewed. Additionally, effects of metal and acid sites on the catalytic performance are discussed in detail. Impacts of and improvements to coke deposition, which is determined to be the primary reason for the reduction in catalytic activity, are also analyzed. Finally, feasible suggestions are proposed for enhanced catalytic performance and a reduction in overall costs.

74 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the selective conversion of biomass-derived Levulinic acid (LA) to produce valeric acid and valerate esters was successfully performed in the presence of H2, in which metal triflates and Pd/C were used as the catalysts under optimal conditions.

39 citations

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TL;DR: In this paper , a review of ionic liquids as solvent and catalysts in the synthesis of heterocycles reported from 2013 to 2020 has been presented, focusing on recent advancements and applications.

22 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a general protocol for the construction of densely functionalized γ-lactones was developed in good to excellent yields with high diastereoselectivity from easily available N-vinyl-α, β-unsaturated nitrones and ketenes.

22 citations

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TL;DR: In this paper , the authors highlight the very recent examples on the synthesis of common monomers using chemicals from sustainable feedstocks that can be used as a like-for-like substitute to prepare conventional petrochemical-free thermoplastics.
Abstract: Access to a wide range of plastic materials has been rationalized by the increased demand from growing populations and the development of high-throughput production systems. Plastic materials at low costs with reliable properties have been utilized in many everyday products. Multibillion-dollar companies are established around these plastic materials, and each polymer takes years to optimize, secure intellectual property, comply with the regulatory bodies such as the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals and the Environmental Protection Agency and develop consumer confidence. Therefore, developing a fully sustainable new plastic material with even a slightly different chemical structure is a costly and long process. Hence, the production of the common plastic materials with exactly the same chemical structures that does not require any new registration processes better reflects the reality of how to address the critical future of sustainable plastics. In this review, we have highlighted the very recent examples on the synthesis of common monomers using chemicals from sustainable feedstocks that can be used as a like-for-like substitute to prepare conventional petrochemical-free thermoplastics.

20 citations