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Showing papers presented at "IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar in 2011"


Proceedings Article
28 Nov 2011
TL;DR: A design scheme for isoflux pattern antenna suitable for SAR data transmission of LEO satellite requiring wide angle coverage of the earth and constant power transmission to the ground station during the passage on the orbit is presented.
Abstract: In this paper, a design scheme for isoflux pattern antenna suitable for SAR data transmission is presented. An isoflux pattern is suitable for SAR data transmission of LEO satellite requiring wide angle coverage of the earth for the longer time visibility. Also, it is advantageous to provide uniform power density over the earth and constant power transmission to the ground station during the passage on the orbit. Based on the principle of generating isoflux pattern, we design basic isoflux pattern antenna which shows required isoflux characteristics. For improved performance, the basic antenna is optimized with genetic algorithm. The optimized isoflux pattern antenna is designed and implemented and shows rapid skirt characteristics, low side lobe, and low back lobe level.

22 citations


Proceedings Article
28 Nov 2011
TL;DR: A passive bistatic radar system which uses digital video broadcasting satellites (DVB-S) as transmitters of opportunity and uses low-cost off-the-shelf components is described.
Abstract: In this paper, we describe a passive bistatic radar system which uses digital video broadcasting satellites (DVB-S) as transmitters of opportunity. The system was developed with pedagogical purposes and uses low-cost off-the-shelf components. The resulting system provides students and researchers with a realistic environment for implementation, development and/or testing of existing and new algorithms. The applicability of the passive radar system is demonstrated in a real environment.

19 citations


Proceedings Article
28 Nov 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, a 3D microwave tomography (MT) system was proposed to reconstruct dielectric properties of the breast by solving a nonlinear inversion scattering problem, which is one of the most promising and attractive new techniques for earlier breast cancer detection.
Abstract: Microwave imaging (MI) is one of the most promising and attractive new techniques for earlier breast-cancer detection. The microwave tomography (MT) realizes configuration of multistatic multiilumination system and reconstructs dielectric properties of the breast by solving a nonlinear inversion scattering problem. We describe below ETRI 3D MT system and 3D MI reconstruction program. Here we demonstrate also examples of image reconstruction using our MT system.

19 citations


Proceedings Article
28 Nov 2011
TL;DR: In this experiment, applicability of the proposed radar to a UGV is proved by analysis of image resolution and penetrating capability for grass.
Abstract: To increase mobility of an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV), this study describes the use of forward imaging radar applying ultra-wideband (UWB) radar technology. When high resolution radar images for the front area of a UGV are visualized, the radar can support a UGV to detect obstacles through foliage. This system employs the bi-static configuration and two transmitting horn antennas. Also, a physical array of thirty-two receiving antennas is developed to provide the necessary aperture for cross-range resolution. For visualization of concealed objects in foliage, the back-projection method is applied to the acquired data from the receivers. To verify the effectiveness of the developed radar system, real field test is conducted. In this experiment, applicability of the proposed radar to a UGV is proved by analysis of image resolution and penetrating capability for grass.

18 citations


Proceedings Article
28 Nov 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, a new model, the lognormal mixture model (LMM), was proposed for characterizing the nonnegative sea clutter in intensity/amplitude SAR images.
Abstract: In this paper, we propose a new model, the lognormal mixture model (LMM), for characterizing the non-negative sea clutter in intensity/amplitude SAR images. By a change of variables, we show that the LMM is in fact equivalent to the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) in the log intensity/amplitude domain, and thus the parameters can be effectively estimated using the expectation-maximization (EM) method. Furthermore, we solve the threshold calculation problem by Newton's method which enables a fast convergence. Accordingly, Constant False Alarm (CFAR) ship detection algorithm is designed using the LMM, and its effectiveness is demonstrated with SIR-C/X SAR data.

15 citations


Proceedings Article
28 Nov 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, the potential application of fully polarimetric data in identification of various land cover types based on polarIME indices, namely, backscattering coefficients and their ratios of various polarizations (linear, circular, linear 45°), entropy, weighted polarIMetric sum, correlation coefficient, normalized difference polarization index, and ratio vegetation index, was discussed.
Abstract: The present paper deals with the potential application of fully polarimetric data in identification of various land cover types based on polarimetric indices, namely, backscattering coefficients and their ratios of various polarizations (linear, circular, linear 45°), entropy, weighted polarimetric sum, correlation coefficient, normalized difference polarization index, and ratio vegetation index. In order to make decision boundaries for separating land cover classes two statistical measures, namely, median and standard deviation were critically analyzed for each polarimetric parameter. In order to select the appropriate value of all polarimetric indices for each class, a relationship was obtained between that particular polarimetric index, and their median and standard deviation along with some integer, the value of which was chosen to optimize the proposed method. The proposed method was successfully applied on ALOS PALSAR data for which satisfactory results were obtained.

14 citations


Proceedings Article
28 Nov 2011
TL;DR: Two localization methods for multi-targets in ultra-wideband (UWB) radar sensor networks which have one transmitter and two receivers are proposed to match the targets, and a target matching method based on the energy returned from targets is proposed.
Abstract: Localization methods are proposed in ultra-wideband (UWB) radar sensor networks which have one transmitter and two receivers. Localization of multi-targets is required to match each target and the corresponding receiver. Two localization methods for multi-targets are proposed to match the targets. First, we propose a target matching method based on the energy (TMME) returned from targets. TMME is effective for targets which have a big difference in the physical size. Second, we propose a target matching method based on the kurtosis (TMMK), which is a measure of the peakness of the distribution. TMMK is effective for targets to move to different postures. Experiment results show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

13 citations


Proceedings Article
28 Nov 2011
TL;DR: The ground swath of the PLIS is such that the incidence angle ranges from 15 degrees from nadir on the near side of the swath to 45 degrees on the far side, resulting in an almost 3:1 variation in ground range resolution across the swath as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: PLIS is an airborne synthetic aperture radar designed to be used in conjunction with a passive radiometer to collect microwave data at L-band for the remote sensing of soil moisture. The objective is to collect data to carry out a pre-deployment validation of algorithms for the NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite. Key features of the PLIS radar are described. The ground swath of PLIS is such that the incidence angle ranges from 15 degrees from nadir on the near side of the swath to 45 degrees on the far side, resulting in an almost 3:1 variation in ground range resolution across the swath. Initial investigations into the impact of this on the statistics of backscattered data are presented.

13 citations


Proceedings Article
28 Nov 2011
TL;DR: In this article, a 1kW Solid State Power Amplifier (SSPA) was proposed for achieving high power and high efficiency using Gallium Nitride (GaN) technology for L-band radar applications.
Abstract: A 1kW Solid State Power Amplifier (SSPA) is proposed for achieving high power and high efficiency using Gallium Nitride (GaN) technology for L-band radar applications Measured results showed more than 1 kW within a 200 MHz bandwidth with 53 dB gain and a typical 50% drain efficiency The SSPA realizes a negative voltage supply, sequential bias circuit, temperature sensor circuit, and external switching circuit including Its compact and lightweight design is suitable for various radar systems This paper presents a high power SSPA using GaN HEMT device that appears high power and high efficiency

12 citations


Proceedings Article
28 Nov 2011
TL;DR: The use of morphological profiles for classifying polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (POLSAR) data is extended and an extended morphological attribute profile (EMAP) is introduced.
Abstract: Morphological profiles (MPs) have been successfully used as tools to combine spectral and spatial information for classification of remote sensing data [1-5]. However, the previous applications have been limited to the multi-/ hyper-spectral data analysis. In this study, we extend the use of morphological profiles for classifying polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (POLSAR) data. An MP of a gray-level image (or a feature) is a sequence generated with the morphological opening by reconstruction and closing by reconstruction operations, using structuring elements of increasing size. An extended morphological profile (EMP) is constructed by stacking the MPs built using different features. An extended morphological attribute profile (EMAP) is an extension of the EMP where the profiles are created by application of attribute filters [6].

12 citations


Proceedings Article
28 Nov 2011
TL;DR: J/S is analyzed for SAR with RF propagation equation firstly to evaluate efficient jammers against SAR satellite with simulated elements and Objective jamming performance of the signals was evaluated using euclidean distance.
Abstract: SAR satellite has pulse compression gain through the process including range and azimuth. Efficient jammers against the SAR satellite with simulated elements were evaluated in the view of power and SAR image. In this paper, J/S is analyzed for SAR with RF propagation equation firstly. Several jamming signals against SAR signal were added into SAR image through pulse compression process. Objective jamming performance of the signals was evaluated using euclidean distance.

Proceedings Article
28 Nov 2011
TL;DR: An airship-mounted synthetic aperture radar system for surveillance of minefields or foliage-covered targets with real-time processing capability, ground station and GPS/INS sensors is presented.
Abstract: An airship-mounted synthetic aperture radar system for surveillance of minefields or foliage-covered targets is presented. The system consists of airship platform, light-weight low-frequency ultra-wideband radar with real-time processing capability, ground station and GPS/INS sensors. Stepped-frequency gated-wave signal is adopted to achieve short range operation and ultra-wideband signal generation. Modified back-projection imaging algorithm is used to compensating intra-pulse Doppler Effect and motion errors. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the system for minefield surveillance.

Proceedings Article
28 Nov 2011
TL;DR: In this article, the authors extracted various polarimetric parameters from high-resolution C-band fully-polarimetric RADARSAT-2 SAR data to detect icebergs that have broken off from Wilkinson glacier in West Antarctica.
Abstract: In this study, detection of icebergs that have broken off from Wilkinson glacier in West Antarctica is carried out by extracting various polarimetric parameters from high resolution C-band fully polarimetric RADARSAT-2 SAR data. In the unsupervised H/A/alpha classification result, some of the icebergs (unclassified) in the SAR image with similar intensity of volume and surface scattering were classified as sea ice whereas most of the icebergs were correctly classified due to their dominant volume scattering. Although the average of polarimetric parameters extracted from unclassified icebergs and sea ice represented similar intensity measurements, [1-H][1-A] showed a statistical distribution result that clearly distinguishes between unclassified icebergs and sea ice. This shows that [1-H][1-A] can be an effective parameter in detecting icebergs.

Proceedings Article
28 Nov 2011
TL;DR: This paper proposes signal processing algorithms to suppress clutter and to detect moving targets in multi-target situations due to clutter, including stationary targets.
Abstract: Today, radar driven active safety systems are widely used in automotive applications. The characteristic of FMCW (Frequency Modulation Continuous Wave) are high credibility, high compactness, and low cost. However, it is difficult to detect and track range and velocity in multi-target situations due to clutter, including stationary targets. In this paper, we propose signal processing algorithms to suppress clutter and to detect moving targets. The proposed algorithms were verified on the real road.

Proceedings Article
28 Nov 2011
TL;DR: In this article, a single-stage 24 GHz triple stacked power amplifier using 0.13 μm CMOS process is demonstrated and the optimum inter-stage matching technique using inductors is introduced.
Abstract: A single-stage 24 GHz triple stacked power amplifier using 0.13 μm CMOS process is demonstrated. To Compare with parallel current combining method, series voltage combining method using a stacked amplifier architecture can realize a large output voltage swing from the top transistor without exceeding the transistor breakdown voltage limitations. However, at high frequencies, parasitic capacitances at the drain of each transistor become significant and it cause the phase difference between output current and voltage swing which degrades the performance of the power amplifier (PA). To solve this problem, the optimum inter-stage matching technique using inductors is introduced. With proposed optimum inter-stage matching method, the power amplifier performs a gain of 12.2 dB and saturated output power of 17.5 dBm with power added efficiency (PAE) of 20.5%. The 3dB output bandwidth is from 20.7–26.8 GHz.

Proceedings Article
28 Nov 2011
TL;DR: Noise radars have the unique property that allows them to achieve high resolution in both range and Doppler which can be independently controlled by varying the bandwidth and integration time respectively.
Abstract: The concept of noise radar with coherent reception of radar returns starts its history as early as in 1950s The first papers on range-measuring radar based upon noise signals were published by Richard Bourret in 1957 who applied CW noise waveform along with its correlation reception and by BM Horton in 1959 who also used CW noise signal, but being used for frequency modulation along with so called anticorrelation method for signal processing Horton recognized that one way to eliminate range and Doppler ambiguities was to use random noise as the modulating function and perform range determination by cross-correlating the return signal with a time-delayed replica of the transmit waveform In his seminal paper in the May 1959 issue of the Proceedings of the IRE entitled “Noise-modulated distance measuring systems” on pages 821–828, he derived the fundamental concepts and proposed several implementations Further papers on that subject were published in the period of 1960s and 1970s which may be characterized as a period of initial studies and performance analyses by a handful of researchers Relatively little development took place in 1980s, though in that new methods for efficient generation of chaotic signals in millimeter wave electron devices have been suggested and autodyne effect in chaotic oscillators has been revealed in 1987 in Ukraine Advance system development and demonstration by several groups all over the world were done in 1990s and 2000s: Several research groups around the world have developed new applications for noise radar and made significant contributions towards detection, surveillance, tracking, and imaging of targets Noise radars have the unique property that allows them to achieve high resolution in both range and Doppler which can be independently controlled by varying the bandwidth and integration time respectively Noise radars satisfy important requirements for military systems, such as low probability of intercept (LPI) and low probability of detection (LPD), owing to the featureless characteristics of its waveform They also have excellent resistance to jamming and interference Another advantage of noise radars is their ability to efficiently share the frequency spectrum, thereby allowing a number of noise radars to operate over the same frequency band with minimal cross-interference This spectrally parsimonious feature can be used to integrate several noise radars to a network centric platform Much of the early development was hampered by the lack of suitable critical components for fully operational use However, in recent years, noise radar systems are finding increasing applications in several conventional as well as new areas (eg, through-wall imaging, multi-static sensing, radar networking) owing to significant advances in RF, digital, and signal processing technologies Figure 1 shows coarse grain classification of signal processing methods applicable and being used in Noise Radar developed by different research groups The most popular of them is correlation reception of noise radar returns which has been applied in the very first experiments in Noise Radar At the same time, so called spectral interferometry method, or its simplified option, double spectral processing, and autodyne (self-mixing) effect may be also applied in case of short range operation Double spectral processing was pioneered by L Arkhipov in USSR (1961) and independently by JL Poirier in US (1968) Nowadays, intensive research in noise radar is ongoing in the US, Ukraine, UK, France, Canada, Germany, Italy, Russia, Poland, Sweden, Norway, China, South Korea and India Researchers are making many attempts to investigate and experimentally approve capabilities of Noise Radar Technology via design of major, if not all, types of radars

Proceedings Article
28 Nov 2011
TL;DR: In this article, a radar vegetation index (RVI) was used to separate vegetation from non-vegetated area and the same was used along with SAR backscatter values at different polarizations in C-and L-band to estimate above-ground biomass of a tropical forest.
Abstract: It is important to monitor vegetation such as forests in order to understand the impacts of global climate change on terrestrial ecosystems and agriculture crops to ensure food security to the people and livestock. Remote sensing data such as polarimetric SAR data plays a useful role in estimating total vegetation cover and biomass. In this study, a radar vegetation index (RVI) were used to separate vegetation from non-vegetated area and the same were used along with SAR backscatter values at different polarizations in C — and L-band to estimate above-ground biomass of a tropical forest. Models based on multi-frequency SAR data including X —, C — and L-band were developed to improve the estimation of forest biomass. Also, the study of agricultural crops using C — and L-band SAR data at different polarization modes revealed that C-band produced better classification results than L-band. However, L-band showed better correlation with crop growth variables. Further, full polarimetric data was found to be better than various modes of hybrid polarimetric data for crop studies.

Proceedings Article
28 Nov 2011
TL;DR: Noise SAR is presented which shares such attractive properties of noise signals as covertness, electromagnetic compatibility, and possibility of sharing one band by several systems and results of experiments aimed on SAR imaging with continuous noise waveform and 2D synthetic aperture carried out in S-band are presented.
Abstract: There are many applications of radar imaging and radar vision Such systems can be used for intrusion detection, concealed weapons detection, monitoring of various constructions etc 3D radar images can give detailed and precise information about spatial distribution of scatterers Such images can be generated using SAR principle Conventional SAR uses one dimension synthetic aperture which gives angular resolution in the plane of synthetic aperture Realization of 2D synthetic aperture enables obtaining 2D angular resolution which in combination with pulse compression gives 3D images Currently, 3D SAR imaging is being investigated intensively One of promising variations of SAR is noise SAR which shares such attractive properties of noise signals as covertness, electromagnetic compatibility, and possibility of sharing one band by several systems We present results of modeling of noise waveform radar with 1D and 2D aperture synthesis having various configurations of planar 2D synthetic aperture and results of experiments aimed on SAR imaging with continuous noise waveform and 2D synthetic aperture carried out in S-band

Proceedings Article
28 Nov 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors observed the motion of the Campbell glacier near the Terra Nova Bay by using interferograms from synthetic aperture radar onboard COSMO-SkyMED satellites and from a GB-SAR field experiment.
Abstract: In this study, we observed the motion of the Campbell glacier near the Terra Nova Bay by using interferograms from synthetic aperture radar onboard COSMO-SkyMED satellites and from a GB-SAR field experiment. The glacier and ice tongue showed fast motion in winter as well as summer season. The glacier observed in the COSMO-SkyMED interferograms showed over 30 cm motion in a single day. GB-SAR interferogram with 11-hour difference indicated about 8 cm displacement in the radar direction. The combination of COSMO-SkyMED and GB-SAR interferometry has shown a very promising result to extend the research to other fast-flowing glaciers.

Proceedings Article
28 Nov 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, the potential value of a spaceborne multi-pol SAR system in S-band (3.2 GHz) is presented following the first acquisitions of the Astrium UK airborne SAR demonstrator and relevant analysis based on Pauli and eigenvalue-eigenvector decompositions.
Abstract: The use of some working frequencies is still novel in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) especially when associated to a full exploitation of polarimetric channels. In this paper the potential value of a spaceborne multi-pol SAR system in S-band (3.2 GHz) is presented following the first acquisitions of the Astrium UK airborne SAR demonstrator and relevant analysis based on Pauli and eigenvalue-eigenvector decompositions. Most interesting results are presented and discussed.

Proceedings Article
28 Nov 2011
TL;DR: In this article, the application of fully polarimetric (ALOS PALSAR) and dual-paralogous (ENVISAT ASAR) data acquired over several test sites of India for soil moisture mapping is presented.
Abstract: Soil moisture is a crucial parameter which is useful in several research fields such as agriculture, meteorology and hydrology. In this paper, the application of fully polarimetric (ALOS PALSAR) and dual polarimetric (ENVISAT ASAR) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data acquired over several test sites of India for soil moisture mapping is presented. PolSARpro software, Alaska Map Ready, and some programs developed by us were used for the processing of PALSAR data. For soil moisture mapping, surface inversion models such as Dubois et al., Oh et al, and Extended-Bragg (X-Bragg model) models were used. As we do not have ground truth data synchronous with satellite passes, we just compared the results of inversion models and also the seasonal variation of soil moisture with time. The variation in soil moisture pattern in different test sites are clearly seen through soil moisture maps obtained from ALOS PALSAR fully polarimetric data acquired in different dates. We found that Dubois et al. model over estimates soil moisture as compared to Oh et al. model. The soil moisture difference between Oh et al. 1992 model and X-Bragg model estimations is also observed. X-Bragg model fails to invert soil moisture for several fields due to very sensitive to surface charecteristics. For ENVISAT ASAR data processing, NEST 4A software was used. In order to invert soil moisture from backscattering coefficient of ASAR data, linear regression models developed by Baghdadi et al were used with single and dual-pol models. The Soil moisture variation in Vijayawada and Mumbai test sites are clearly seen through soil moisture maps obtained from ENVISAT ASAR dual polarimetric SAR data acquired in two different dates. High soil moisture pattern in Vijayawada test site is observed in Nov, 2005 due to heavy rainfall. The effect of vegetation on soil moisture is also observed for the same site.

Proceedings Article
28 Nov 2011
TL;DR: An autofocus method for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging based on minimum entropy of the time domain back-projection (BP) technique, which can get the azimuth focus result by dealing with the range compressed signal.
Abstract: This paper introduces an autofocus method for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging. The algorithm is based on minimum entropy of the time domain back-projection (BP) technique. By dealing with the range compressed signal, we can get the azimuth focus result. For an ideal point target, through chooses the larger absolute value of the complex number pixels use BP algorithm to calculate the entropy for the complex image; on the other hand, for area target, we process a small part of the image which is the area we finally wanted. Computer simulation results for one point target and area target to prove the efficiency of this algorithm.

Proceedings Article
28 Nov 2011
TL;DR: In this article, the authors outline the missions TerraSARX, TanDEM-X, and the follow-on mission Terra SARX2 and the main applications to be run with SAR data of those sensors.
Abstract: This paper outlines the missions TerraSAR-X, TanDEM-X, the follow-on mission TerraSAR-X2 and the main applications to be run with SAR data of those sensors.

Proceedings Article
01 Jan 2011

Proceedings Article
28 Nov 2011
TL;DR: In this article, a coherent combination of single or multi-baseline interferograms acquired at different polarisations provides sensitivity to the vertical distribution of scattering processes and allows their characterisation by using the associated (volume) interferometric coherences.
Abstract: Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (Pol-InSAR) has been proven to be a powerful radar remote sensing technique for the investigation of natural volume scatterers. The coherent combination of single — or multi-baseline interferograms acquired at different polarisations provides sensitivity to the vertical distribution of scattering processes and allows their characterisation by using the associated (volume) interferometric coherences [1][2][3][4][5].

Proceedings Article
Byung-min Jung1, Dong-Hyun Kim1, In-Pyung Jeon1, Sang-Jin Shin1, Hyoung-Joo Kim1 
28 Nov 2011
TL;DR: In this article, an optical true time-delay beamformer for 10 GHz phased array radars with a unit time delay of 12 ps was demonstrated and described, and the most large time delay error for the optical TTD was measured to be less than 1.6 ps, corresponds to the radiation angle error of 2.1° from the main beam direction of 28.7°.
Abstract: Optical true time-delay beamformer for 10 GHz phased array radars with a unit time-delay of 12 ps is demonstrated and described. It is composed of an array of optical sources and fiber-optic delay lines with 2×2 optical switches. The most large time delay error for the optical TTD was measured to be less than 1.6 ps, corresponds to the radiation angle error of 2.1° from the main beam direction of 28.7°.

Proceedings Article
28 Nov 2011
TL;DR: G0 model based CFAR detector is proposed to detect the vehicle targets in the heterogeneous ground environment and the G0 distribution model is adopted as the statistical model in this paper.
Abstract: Because of increasing SAR image resolution, the well-known classical statistical SAR image models sometimes do not fit to heterogeneous environment. In this paper, G0 model based CFAR detector is proposed to detect the vehicle targets in the heterogeneous ground environment. The G0 distribution model is known as suitable for various degree of homogeneity and is adopted as the statistical model in this paper. Although G0 model well fits to heterogeneous SAR image, G0 based CFAR detector still has many false alarms arising from impulsive strong echoes. In order to reduce false alarms, which is occupied in a few pixels compared to actual target size, extended target window scheme is applied in this paper. Detection results are presented using high resolution real SAR image with the intended vehicle targets in the heterogeneous background environment.

Proceedings Article
28 Nov 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of real-life measurements using an ARS-800 SAR sensor installed on the maritime patrol aircraft BRYZA-1RM/Bis were presented.
Abstract: The paper presents the results of real-life measurements using an ARS-800 SAR sensor installed on the maritime patrol aircraft BRYZA-1RM/Bis. In the present day there is a large need for small — and medium-sized reliable sensors for remote imaging of the area of interest. Among many others, medium and high resolution Synthetic Aperture Radars (SAR), working in different modes (SAR, ISAR and others) play a special role. The main task for such radars is to provide images of the Earth's surface, and detailed imaging of selected targets (e.g. ships, buildings, etc.).

Proceedings Article
Motofumi Arii1
28 Nov 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduced a three component scattering model for a ship on the sea (TCMSS), which provides theoretical fundamentals with various parameters such as wavelength, incidence angle, and polarization.
Abstract: In order to achieve higher temporal resolution for ocean surveillance system, it is essentially required to extract uniform information from various sensing situations. In this paper, we introduced Three Component Scattering Model for a Ship on the Sea (TCMSS), which provides us theoretical fundamentals with various parameters such as wavelength, incidence angle, and polarization. Then experimental validation using L-band Pi-SAR by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) was conducted under well controlled situation. Finally we found that signal-clutter ratio must be maximized at around 50 degree when the ship runs parallel to the platform. Also the co-polarization ratio at near range around 20 degree must be useful to estimate material of a ship.

Proceedings Article
28 Nov 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, an improved method for classifying the concealed obstacles through foliage through foliage is newly proposed using the data fusion of both the intensity and the height information of obstacles.
Abstract: In this paper, an improved method for classifying the concealed obstacles through foliage is newly proposed. For this purpose, forward imaging UWB radar is applied to get the intensity information of obstacles, and CCD cameras is also utilized to get the height information as well. Based on these sensors, a classification method of concealed obstacles is newly derived using the data fusion of both the intensity and the height information of obstacles. The validity of the proposed method is also examined through the related experimental results.