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Showing papers presented at "Web Reasoning and Rule Systems in 2016"



Journal ArticleDOI
15 Sep 2016

41 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
26 May 2016

37 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
10 Aug 2016
TL;DR: A comprehensive survey of dating methods in the earth sciences can be found in this article, where the authors provide an overview of the physical and chemical foundations of the dating methods and their applications in the geological sciences, biology, and archaeology.
Abstract: This volume provides an overview of (1) the physical and chemical foundations of dating methods and (2) the applications of dating methods in the geological sciences, biology, and archaeology, in almost 200 articles from over 200 international authors. It will serve as the most comprehensive treatise on widely accepted dating methods in the earth sciences and related fields. No other volume has a similar scope, in terms of methods and applications and particularly time range. Dating methods are used to determine the timing and rate of various processes, such as sedimentation (terrestrial and marine), tectonics, volcanism, geomorphological change, cooling rates, crystallization, fluid flow, glaciation, climate change and evolution. Description: 990p. URI: http://125.234.102.150:8080/dspace/handle/DNULIB_52011/6784 ISBN: 978-94-007-6304-3 Appears in Collections: Bách khoa thư Từ điển Cẩm nang (Encyclopedias Dictionaries Handbooks) Files in This Item: File Description Size Format encyclopedia_of_scientific_dating_methods.pdf 40.67 MB Adobe PDF Full-text Request a copy Show full item record View statistics Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated. Built & developed by Pham Hong Thai Tel: 0613894457 Email: hthaip@dnulib.edu.vn © 2002 2015 dspace.dnulib From open softtware DSpace Version 5.3 Feedback Dating methods Dating techniques are procedures used by scientists to determine the age of a specimen. Relative dating methods tell only if one sample is older or younger than another sample; absolute dating methods provide a date in years. Relative dating methods determine whether one sample is older or younger than another. They do not provide an age in years. Before the advent of absolute dating methods, nearly all dating was relative. The main relative dating method is stratigraphy. Stratigraphy. Stratigraphy is the study of layers of rocks or the objects embedded within those layers. This volume provides an overview of (1) the physical and chemical foundations of dating methods and (2) the applications of dating methods in the geological sciences, biology, and archaeology, in almost 200 articles from over 200 international authors. It will serve as the most comprehensive treatis Full description. Corporate Authors: SpringerLink (Online service). Other Authors: Jack Rink, W. (Editor), Thompson, Jeroen W. (Editor). Get this from a library! Encyclopedia of scientific dating methods. [W Jack Rink; Jeroen W Thompson; Larry M Heaman; A J Timothy Jull; James B Paces;] -This volume provides an overview of (1) the physical and chemical foundations of dating methods and (2) the applications of dating methods in the geological sciences, biology, and archaeology, in ... Dating methods are used to determine the timing and rate of various processes, such as sedimentation (terrestrial and marine), tectonics, volcanism, geomorphological change, cooling rates, crystallization, fluid flow, glaciation, climate change and evolution. The volume includes applications in terrestrial and extraterrestrial settings, the burgeoning field of molecular-clock dating and topics in the intersection of earth sciences with forensics. Scientific method, mathematical and experimental technique employed in the sciences. More specifically, it is the technique used in the construction and testing of a scientific hypothesis. The scientific method is applied broadly across the sciences. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. See Article History. Alternative Title: analytical method. Scientific method, mathematical and experimental technique employed in the sciences. More specifically, it is the technique used in the construction and testing of a scientific hypothesis. flow chart of scientific method. Flow chart depicting the scientific method. Seriation is the first scientific dating method, invented by archaeologists in the 19th century long before radiocarbon, and still practiced today. An Introduction to Seriation. Scientific Dating Before Radiocarbon. Share. Flipboard. Encyclopedia of Archaeology. New York: Academic Press. p 1976-1978. Graham I, Galloway P, and Scollar I. 1976. Model studies in computer seriation. Journal of Archaeological Science 3(1):1-30. Liiv I. 2010. Seriation and matrix reordering methods: An historical overview. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 3(2):70-91. O’Brien MJ and Lyman LR 1999. Seriation, Stratigraphy, and Index Fossils: The Backbone of Archaeological Dating. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. Rowe JH.

29 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
03 Oct 2016

26 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
26 May 2016
Abstract: Cognitive Poetics and Cultural MemoryCritical StylisticsLanguage in LiteratureLiterary Reading, Cognition and EmotionThe Routledge Handbook of Chinese Discourse AnalysisThe Routledge Handbook of Language and HumorThe Routledge Handbook of Translation Studies and LinguisticsA Dictionary of StylisticsThe Routledge Handbook of English Language and Digital HumanitiesThe Routledge Handbook of Literary TranslationThe Routledge Handbook of Educational LinguisticsThe Cambridge Handbook of Cognitive LinguisticsStyle and StylisticsMind The GapCreative Writing and StylisticsAnalyzing Digital FictionForensic LinguisticsThe Routledge Handbook of Translation StudiesHow to Do Critical Discourse AnalysisForensic LinguisticsThe Routledge Handbook of Language AwarenessThe Routledge Handbook of English Language and Digital HumanitiesThe Routledge Handbook of Language in ConflictLanguage and Literature (general)StylisticsThe Routledge Handbook of StylisticsThe Routledge Handbook of English Language StudiesThe Cambridge Handbook of StylisticsThe Routledge Handbook of Forensic LinguisticsLinguistic CriticismAn Introduction to Forensic LinguisticsCritical StylisticsStylisticsThe Routledge Handbook of Applied LinguisticsWorld BuildingStylistic Approaches to TranslationThe Routledge Handbook of Language and CreativityLanguage and PowerRelevance TheoryThe Routledge Handbook of Stylistics

25 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
15 Sep 2016

20 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
26 May 2016

19 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
04 Jul 2016

19 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
10 Aug 2016

16 citations


Book ChapterDOI
09 Sep 2016
TL;DR: A rich inference framework (RIF) is developed that responds to queries where no suitable answer is readily contained in any available data source, by applying functional inferences over heterogeneous data from the web.
Abstract: The increasing availability of knowledge bases (KBs) on the web has opened up the possibility of improved inference in automated query answering (QyA) systems. We have developed a rich inference framework (RIF) that responds to queries where no suitable answer is readily contained in any available data source, by applying functional inferences over heterogeneous data from the web. Our technique combines heuristics, logic and statistical methods to infer novel answers to queries. It also determines what facts are needed for inference, searches for them, and then integrates these diverse facts and their formalisms into a local query-specific inference tree. We explain the internal representation of RIF, the grammar and inference methods for expressing queries and the algorithm for inference. We also show how RIF estimates confidence in its answers, given the various forms of uncertainty faced by the framework.

Journal ArticleDOI
26 May 2016

Book ChapterDOI
09 Sep 2016
TL;DR: A novel approach to ontology incremental reasoning that combines forward and backward chaining completion for \(\mathcal {EL}\) and reduces the effort for re-deriving the over-deleted results both theoretically and empirically is proposed.
Abstract: Due to the dynamic nature of knowledge and data in semantic applications, ontology incremental reasoning technologies are essential for ontology management systems. Nowadays, many proposed incremental reasoning solutions and implemented systems apply forward chaining completion algorithms to handle the removal and addition of axioms. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to ontology incremental reasoning that combines forward and backward chaining completion for \(\mathcal {EL}\). Compared to existing work, this approach can be applied with or without bookkeeping, does not affect parallelisation or tractability, and reduces the effort for re-deriving the over-deleted results both theoretically and empirically.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: In the animals with endotoxin-induced endothelial dysfunction there were imbalance of contractile response of vessels wall observes when carrying out functional tests, increase of coefficient of endothelialfunction, decrease in contractility of a myocardium, activation processes of peroxidation of lipids and decreased activity of antioxidant systems, level of stable metabolites of nitrogen oxide.
Abstract: In the animals with endotoxin-induced endothelial dysfunction there were imbalance of contractile response of vessels wall observes when carrying out functional tests, increase of coefficient of endothelial dysfunction, decrease in contractility of a myocardium, activation processes of peroxidation of lipids and decreased activity of antioxidant systems, level of stable metabolites of nitrogen oxide. On extent of decrease in corrective effects on indicators of functional activity of a vessel wall, contractility of a myocardium, oxidatic indicators and level of stable metabolites of nitrogen oxide are studied preparations settle down in the following sequence: L-norvalin and rozuvastatin (coefficient of endothelial dysfunction – 1,2±0,1) → Lnorvalin and simvastatin (coefficient of endothelial dysfunction – 1,5±0,1) → rozuvastatin (coefficient of endothelial dysfunction – 1,6±0,1) → L-norvalin (coefficient of endothelial dysfunction – 1,7±0,2) → symvastatin (coefficient of endothelial dysfunction – 2,0±0,2).


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: It was revealed that the recombinant erythropoietin (50 IU/kg) prevents the development of degenerative retinal layers due to ischemic damage more than distant isChemic preconditioning and emoxipine and the key role of ATP-dependent potassium channels in a preconditionsing mechanism implementation was revealed.
Abstract: To study the protective properties of pharmacological preconditioning with recombinant erythropoietin suberitro stimulating dose of 50 IU / kg in the retina of the eye, was the model of retinal ischemia, ischemia with the assessment of the temporary simulation mode of the retina of rats with the instrumental methods of analysis and morphometric studies. The most suitable model was a model 30 minute ischemia with subsequent reperfusion periods of 1 hour to 72 hours. We studied the protective effect preconditioning suberitro stimulating recombinant erythropoietin in a dose of 50 IU/kg, preconditioning distant ischemic and emoxipine 2 mg/kg per rat model of retinal ischemia. In the experiment, it was revealed that the recombinant erythropoietin (50 IU/kg) prevents the development of degenerative retinal layers due to ischemic damage more than distant ischemic preconditioning and emoxipine. The observed protective effect of erythropoietin us with the development of ischemia was confirmed by laser Doppler flowmetry, electroretinography and morphometry. Using suberitro stimulating recombinant erythropoietin in a dose of 50 IU/kg, 30 minutes prior to the pathology simulation eliminates erythropoietic effect, and the lack of positive dynamics in groups with preliminary administration of glibenclamide 5 mg/kg, the key role of ATP-dependent potassium channels in a preconditioning mechanism implementation. Identification and use of pharmacological agents, which have the effect of preconditioning, may be a new approach in the correction and prevention of retinal ischemia, which is the leading element in the pathogenesis of a number of visual pathologies. The possibility of pharmacological preconditioning with erythropoietin ischemic lesions of the retina is essential for the development of anti-ischemic agents for the treatment and prevention of ocular pathologies of ischemic origin.

Journal ArticleDOI
03 Oct 2016

Journal ArticleDOI
04 Jul 2016

Journal ArticleDOI
04 Jul 2016

Book ChapterDOI
09 Sep 2016
TL;DR: This paper introduces joint-weakly-sticky (JWS) programs, that include WS programs, and introduces a bottom-up QA algorithm for a range of subclasses of GSCh, which applies the magic-sets rewriting in combination with the proposed QA algorithms for the optimization of QA over JWS programs.
Abstract: Weakly-sticky (WS) Datalog\(^\pm \) is an expressive member of the family of Datalog\(^\pm \) programs that is based on the syntactic notions of stickiness and weak-acyclicity. Query answering over the WS programs has been investigated, but there is still much work to do on the design and implementation of practical query answering (QA) algorithms and their optimizations. Here, we study sticky and WS programs from the point of view of the behavior of the chase procedure, extending the stickiness property of the chase to that of generalized stickiness of the chase (gsch-property). With this property we specify the semantic class of GSCh programs, which includes sticky and WS programs, and other syntactic subclasses that we identify. In particular, we introduce joint-weakly-sticky (JWS) programs, that include WS programs. We also propose a bottom-up QA algorithm for a range of subclasses of GSCh. The algorithm runs in polynomial time (in data) for JWS programs. Unlike the WS class, JWS is closed under a general magic-sets rewriting procedure for the optimization of programs with existential rules. We apply the magic-sets rewriting in combination with the proposed QA algorithm for the optimization of QA over JWS programs.

Journal ArticleDOI
03 Oct 2016


Journal ArticleDOI
04 Jul 2016

Journal ArticleDOI
03 Jan 2016
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine, using journalistic discourse as a primary source for analysis, the way in which the emergence of HIV/AIDS in Costa Ricain the mid-1980s led to a process of sexual diversity´s criminalization, specially towards gay men.
Abstract: This article examines, using journalistic discourse as a primary source for analysis, theway in which theemergenceof HIV/AIDS inCosta Ricain the mid-1980s led toa process of sexual diversity´s criminalization, specially towards gay men. Thiscriminalizationisstructured througha dynamicwhere socialabjection was materializedinto actionby the state, foundinglegitimacy in the citizenship. The persecution ofpeople who practicedoridentifiedwith anon-normative sexuality, especially in keyplaces of socialization, resulted in organization and activism. This politicizationof identitiesis a process thatcontinuesto rebuild itselfand is part of theCosta Rican sociallandscape.

Journal ArticleDOI
04 Jul 2016

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: The method provides effective impact of the combination of hepatoprotectoremetionine in the dose of 150 mg/kg/day and a sulfur-containing amino acid Taurine inThe dose of 260 mg/ kg/day on the functioning of the vascular endothelium, and has endotheliopathy effect on models LNAME-induced deficiency of nitric oxide, which includesthe endothelia-dependent vasodilation and the decrease of coefficient of endothelial dysfunction.
Abstract: In the experiment, was made a simulation of endothelial dysfunction in male rats of Wistar-line byintraperitoneal administration of L-NAME at a dose of 25 mg/kg/day for 7 days. Deficiency of nitric oxide in result of the blockade of NO-synthase was accompanied by violation of endothelium-dependent and endothelium-undependentvasodilation assessed in pharmacological trials, which was reflected in the increase of the coefficient endotelialny dysfunction.In this case, for correction of endothelial dysfunction intraperitoneallyademetionine in the dose of 150 mg/kg and after an hour taurine at a dose of 260 mg/kg was injected the animal once a day for 7 days. The method provides effective impact of the combination of hepatoprotectorAdemetionine in the dose of 150 mg/kg/day and a sulfur-containing amino acid Taurine in the dose of 260 mg/kg/day on the functioning of the vascular endothelium, and has endotheliopathy effect on models LNAME-induced deficiency of nitric oxide, which includesthe endothelium-dependent vasodilation and the decrease of coefficient of endothelial dysfunction.

Book ChapterDOI
09 Sep 2016
TL;DR: It is shown that materialization for \(\mathrm {DL\text{- }Lite}\) does not require the refinement phase, and the proposed technique allows not only for faster materialization and classification of the ontologies, but also for efficient consistency checking.
Abstract: Recently, it has been shown that ontologies with large datasets can be efficiently materialized by a so-called abstraction refinement technique. The technique consists of the abstraction phase, which partitions individuals into equivalence classes, and the refinement phase, which re-partitions individuals based on entailments for the representative individual of each equivalence class. In this paper, we present an abstraction-based approach for materialization in \(\mathrm {DL\text{- }Lite}\), i.e. we show that materialization for \(\mathrm {DL\text{- }Lite}\) does not require the refinement phase. We further show that the approach is sound and complete even when adding disjunctions and nominals to the language. The proposed technique allows not only for faster materialization and classification of the ontologies, but also for efficient consistency checking; a step that is often omitted by practical approaches based on query rewriting. A preliminary empirical evaluation on both real-life and benchmark ontologies demonstrates that the approach can handle ontologies with large datasets efficiently.

Journal ArticleDOI
26 May 2016

Book ChapterDOI
09 Sep 2016
TL;DR: This paper shows how to extend an approach developed for DL-Lite to obtain an exponential-time decision procedure for linear rules, and proves that this algorithm achieves optimal worst-case complexity by establishing a matching ExpTime lower bound.
Abstract: In the setting of ontology-mediated query answering, a query is evaluated over a knowledge base consisting of a database instance and an ontology. While most work in the area focuses on conjunctive queries, navigational queries are gaining increasing attention. In this paper, we investigate the complexity of evaluating the standard form of navigational queries, namely two-way regular path queries, over knowledge bases whose ontology is expressed by means of linear existential rules. More specifically, we show how to extend an approach developed for DL-Lite\(_\mathcal {R}\) to obtain an exponential-time decision procedure for linear rules. We prove that this algorithm achieves optimal worst-case complexity by establishing a matching ExpTime lower bound.