Example of Autophagy format
Recent searches

Example of Autophagy format Example of Autophagy format Example of Autophagy format Example of Autophagy format Example of Autophagy format Example of Autophagy format Example of Autophagy format Example of Autophagy format Example of Autophagy format Example of Autophagy format Example of Autophagy format Example of Autophagy format Example of Autophagy format Example of Autophagy format Example of Autophagy format Example of Autophagy format Example of Autophagy format Example of Autophagy format
Sample paper formatted on SciSpace - SciSpace
This content is only for preview purposes. The original open access content can be found here.
Look Inside
Example of Autophagy format Example of Autophagy format Example of Autophagy format Example of Autophagy format Example of Autophagy format Example of Autophagy format Example of Autophagy format Example of Autophagy format Example of Autophagy format Example of Autophagy format Example of Autophagy format Example of Autophagy format Example of Autophagy format Example of Autophagy format Example of Autophagy format Example of Autophagy format Example of Autophagy format Example of Autophagy format
Sample paper formatted on SciSpace - SciSpace
This content is only for preview purposes. The original open access content can be found here.
open access Open Access
recommended Recommended

Autophagy — Template for authors

Publisher: Taylor and Francis
Categories Rank Trend in last 3 yrs
Molecular Biology #28 of 382 down down by 6 ranks
Cell Biology #21 of 279 up up by 3 ranks
journal-quality-icon Journal quality:
High
calendar-icon Last 4 years overview: 564 Published Papers | 8492 Citations
indexed-in-icon Indexed in: Scopus
last-updated-icon Last updated: 08/07/2020
Related journals
Insights
General info
Top papers
Popular templates
Get started guide
Why choose from SciSpace
FAQ

Related Journals

open access Open Access

Nature

Quality:  
High
CiteRatio: 6.7
SJR: 1.542
SNIP: 1.216
open access Open Access
recommended Recommended

American Association for the Advancement of Science

Quality:  
High
CiteRatio: 10.6
SJR: 3.659
SNIP: 1.504
open access Open Access
recommended Recommended

Springer

Quality:  
High
CiteRatio: 12.8
SJR: 2.928
SNIP: 1.815
open access Open Access

Springer

Quality:  
High
CiteRatio: 4.8
SJR: 1.177
SNIP: 0.621

Journal Performance & Insights

Impact Factor

CiteRatio

Determines the importance of a journal by taking a measure of frequency with which the average article in a journal has been cited in a particular year.

A measure of average citations received per peer-reviewed paper published in the journal.

9.77

12% from 2018

Impact factor for Autophagy from 2016 - 2019
Year Value
2019 9.77
2018 11.059
2017 11.1
2016 8.593
graph view Graph view
table view Table view

15.1

16% from 2019

CiteRatio for Autophagy from 2016 - 2020
Year Value
2020 15.1
2019 17.9
2018 15.3
2017 13.6
2016 11.0
graph view Graph view
table view Table view

insights Insights

  • Impact factor of this journal has decreased by 12% in last year.
  • This journal’s impact factor is in the top 10 percentile category.

insights Insights

  • CiteRatio of this journal has decreased by 16% in last years.
  • This journal’s CiteRatio is in the top 10 percentile category.

SCImago Journal Rank (SJR)

Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP)

Measures weighted citations received by the journal. Citation weighting depends on the categories and prestige of the citing journal.

Measures actual citations received relative to citations expected for the journal's category.

3.934

11% from 2019

SJR for Autophagy from 2016 - 2020
Year Value
2020 3.934
2019 3.541
2018 4.168
2017 4.197
2016 3.066
graph view Graph view
table view Table view

2.351

3% from 2019

SNIP for Autophagy from 2016 - 2020
Year Value
2020 2.351
2019 2.285
2018 2.022
2017 1.899
2016 1.434
graph view Graph view
table view Table view

insights Insights

  • SJR of this journal has increased by 11% in last years.
  • This journal’s SJR is in the top 10 percentile category.

insights Insights

  • SNIP of this journal has increased by 3% in last years.
  • This journal’s SNIP is in the top 10 percentile category.

Autophagy

Guideline source: View

All company, product and service names used in this website are for identification purposes only. All product names, trademarks and registered trademarks are property of their respective owners.

Use of these names, trademarks and brands does not imply endorsement or affiliation. Disclaimer Notice

Taylor and Francis

Autophagy

Approved by publishing and review experts on SciSpace, this template is built as per for Autophagy formatting guidelines as mentioned in Taylor and Francis author instructions. The current version was created on 08 Jul 2020 and has been used by 451 authors to write and format their manuscripts to this journal.

Molecular Biology

Cell Biology

Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

i
Last updated on
08 Jul 2020
i
ISSN
1554-8627
i
Impact Factor
High - 1.623
i
Open Access
No
i
Sherpa RoMEO Archiving Policy
Green faq
i
Plagiarism Check
Available via Turnitin
i
Endnote Style
Download Available
i
Bibliography Name
Taylor and Francis Custom Citation
i
Citation Type
Numbered
[25]
i
Bibliography Example
Blonder GE, Tinkham M, Klapwijk TM. Transition from metallic to tunneling regimes in superconducting microconstrictions: Excess current, charge imbalance, and supercurrent conversion. Phys Rev B. 1982; 25(7):4515–4532. Available from: 10.1103/PhysRevB.25.4515.

Top papers written in this journal

Journal Article DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition)
Daniel J. Klionsky1, Kotb Abdelmohsen2, Akihisa Abe3, Joynal Abedin4, Hagai Abeliovich5, Abraham Acevedo Arozena, Hiroaki Adachi6, Christopher M. Adams7, Peter D. Adams8, Khosrow Adeli9, Peter J. Adhihetty10, Sharon G. Adler11, Galila Agam12, Rajesh Agarwal13, Manish K. Aghi14, Maria Agnello15, Patrizia Agostinis16, Patricia V. Aguilar17, Julio A. Aguirre-Ghiso18, Edoardo M. Airoldi19, Edoardo M. Airoldi20, Slimane Ait-Si-Ali21, Takahiko Akematsu22, Emmanuel T. Akporiaye, Mohamed Al-Rubeai23, Guillermo M. Albaiceta24, Chris Albanese25, Diego Albani26, Matthew L. Albert27, Jesus Aldudo, Hana Algül28, Mehrdad Alirezaei29, Iraide Alloza30, Iraide Alloza31, Alexandru Almasan32, Maylin Almonte-Beceril, Emad S. Alnemri33, Covadonga Alonso, Nihal Altan-Bonnet2, Dario C. Altieri34, Silvia Alvarez35, Lydia Alvarez-Erviti36, Sandro Alves37, G. Amadoro38, Atsuo Amano39, Consuelo Amantini40, Santiago Ambrosio41, Ivano Amelio42, Amal O. Amer43, Mohamed Amessou44, Angelika Amon45, Z. H. An14, Frank A. Anania46, Stig U. Andersen47, Usha P. Andley48, Catherine Andreadi49, Nathalie Andrieu-Abadie, Alberto Anel50, David K. Ann51, Shailendra Anoopkumar-Dukie52, Manuela Antonioli53, Hiroshi Aoki54, Nadezda Apostolova55, Saveria Aquila56, Katia Aquilano57, Koichi Araki46, Eli Arama58, Agustín Aranda59, Jun Araya60, Alexandre Arcaro61, Esperanza Arias62, Hirokazu Arimoto63, Aileen R. Ariosa1, Jane L. Armstrong64, Thierry Arnould, Ivica Arsov65, Katsuhiko Asanuma66, Valerie Askanas67, Eric Asselin68, Ryuichiro Atarashi69, Sally S. Atherton70, Julie D. Atkin71, Laura D. Attardi72, Patrick Auberger, Georg Auburger73, Laure Aurelian74, Riccardo Autelli75, Laura Avagliano76, Maria Laura Avantaggiati25, Limor Avrahami77, Neelam Azad78, Suresh Awale79, Tiziana Bachetti80, Jonathan M. Backer62, Dong-Hun Bae81, Jae-sung Bae82, Ok-Nam Bae83, Soo Han Bae84, Eric H. Baehrecke85, Seung-Hoon Baek86, Stephen Baghdiguian, Agnieszka Bagniewska-Zadworna87, Hua Bai88, Jie Bai89, Xue Yuan Bai, Yannick Bailly90, Kithiganahalli Narayanaswamy Balaji91, Walter Balduini92, Andrea Ballabio93, Rena Balzan94, Rajkumar Banerjee95, Gábor Bánhegyi96, Haijun Bao97, Benoit Barbeau98, Maria D. Barrachina55, Esther Barreiro99, Bonnie Bartel100, Alberto Bartolomé101, Diane C. Bassham102, Maria Teresa Bassi, Robert C. Bast103, Alakananda Basu104, Maria Teresa Batista105, Henri Batoko106, Maurizio Battino107, Kyle A. Bauckman48, Bradley L. Baumgarner108, K. Ulrich Bayer13, Rupert Beale109, Jean-François Beaulieu110, George R. Beck111, George R. Beck46, Christoph Becker112, J. David Beckham13, Pierre-André Bédard113, Patrick J. Bednarski114, Thomas J. Begley115, Christian Behl116, Christian Behrends73, Georg M. N. Behrens117, Kevin E. Behrns10, Eloy Bejarano62, Amine Belaid, Francesca Belleudi118, Giovanni Benard, Guy Berchem, Daniele Bergamaschi119, Matteo Bergami120, Ben Berkhout121, Laura Berliocchi122, Amélie Bernard1, Monique Bernard123, Francesca Bernassola57, Anne Bertolotti42, Amanda S. Bess124, Sébastien Besteiro125, Saverio Bettuzzi126, Savita Bhalla127, Shalmoli Bhattacharyya128, Sujit K. Bhutia129, Caroline Biagosch28, Michele Wolfe Bianchi21, Michele Wolfe Bianchi37, Martine Biard-Piechaczyk, Viktor Billes130, Claudia Bincoletto131, Baris Bingol132, Sara W. Bird72, Marc Bitoun133, Ivana Bjedov36, Craig Blackstone2, Lionel Blanc134, Guillermo A. Blanco35, Heidi Kiil Blomhoff135, Emilio Boada-Romero136, Stefan Böckler137, Marianne Boes138, Kathleen Boesze-Battaglia139, Lawrence H. Boise46, Alessandra Bolino, Andrea Boman140, Paolo Bonaldo141, Matteo Bordi142, Matteo Bordi143, Jürgen Bosch144, Luis M. Botana145, Joëlle Botti21, Germán Bou, Marina Bouché118, Marion Bouchecareilh146, Marie-Josée Boucher110, Michael E. Boulton147, Sebastien G. Bouret67, Patricia Boya59, Michaël Boyer-Guittaut148, Peter V. Bozhkov149, Nathan R. Brady150, Vania M.M. Braga151, Claudio Brancolini152, Gerhard H. Braus153, José M. Bravo-San-Pedro, Lisa A. Brennan154, Emery H. Bresnick155, Patrick Brest, Dave Bridges156, Marie-Agnès Bringer, Marisa Brini141, Glauber Costa Brito157, Bertha Brodin158, Paul S. Brookes159, Eric J. Brown132, Karen Brown49, Hal E. Broxmeyer147, Alain Bruhat160, Patricia Chakur Brum157, John H. Brumell9, Nicola Brunetti-Pierri93, Robert J. Bryson-Richardson161, Shilpa Buch162, Alastair M. Buchan163, Hikmet Budak164, Dmitry V. Bulavin, Scott J. Bultman165, Geert Bultynck16, Vladimir Bumbasirevic166, Yan Burelle123, Robert E. Burke101, Margit Burmeister1, Peter Bütikofer61, Laura Caberlotto167, Ken Cadwell142, Monika Cahova, Dongsheng Cai62, Jingjing Cai168, Qian Cai169, Sara Calatayud55, Nadine Camougrand146, Michelangelo Campanella36, Grant R. Campbell170, Matthew Campbell171, Silvia Campello57, Robin Candau, Isabella Caniggia9, Lavinia Cantoni26, Lizhi Cao172, Allan Caplan173, Michele Caraglia174, Claudio Cardinali118, Sandra M. Cardoso105, Jennifer S. Carew32, Laura A. Carleton175, Cathleen R. Carlin176, Silvia Carloni92, Sven R. Carlsson177, Didac Carmona-Gutierrez178, Leticia A.M. Carneiro179, Oliana Carnevali107, Serena Carra180, Alice Carrier181, Bernadette Carroll182, Caty Casas183, Josefina Casas59, Giuliana Cassinelli, Perrine Castets184, Susana Castro-Obregón185, Gabriella Cavallini186, Isabella Ceccherini80, Francesco Cecconi57, Arthur I. Cederbaum18, Valentín Ceña187, Simone Cenci188, Claudia Cerella, Davide Cervia189, Silvia Cetrullo190, Hassan Chaachouay191, Han-Jung Chae192, Andrei S. Chagin158, Chee Yin Chai193, Gopal Chakrabarti194, Georgios Chamilos195, Edmond Chan196, Matthew T. V. Chan197, Dhyan Chandra198, Pallavi Chandra199, Chih Peng Chang200, Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang201, Ta Yuan Chang202, John C. Chatham203, Saurabh Chatterjee204, Santosh Chauhan, Yongsheng Che, Michael E. Cheetham36, Rajkumar Cheluvappa205, Chun Jung Chen, Gang Chen206, Gang Chen207, Guang-Chao Chen208, Guo-Qiang Chen209, Hongzhuan Chen209, Jeff W. Chen210, Jiankang Chen70, Min Chen211, Mingzhou Chen212, Peiwen Chen141, Qi Chen213, Quan Chen214, Shang Der Chen215, Si Chen216, Steve S.-L. Chen208, Wei Chen217, Wei Jung Chen218, Wen Qiang Chen219, Wen-Li Chen220, Xiangmei Chen, Yau Hung Chen221, Ye-Guang Chen222, Yin Chen223, Yingyu Chen224, Yongshun Chen225, Yu Jen Chen226, Yue Qin Chen227, Yujie Chen228, Zhen Chen206, Zhong Chen217, Alan Cheng229, Christopher H.K. Cheng197, Hua Cheng74, Heesun Cheong, Sara Cherry139, Jason Chesney229, Chun Hei Antonio Cheung200, Eric Chevet230, Hsiang Cheng Chi215, Sung Gil Chi231, Fulvio Chiacchiera, Hui Ling Chiang232, Roberto Chiarelli15, Mario Chiariello38, Marcello Chieppa, Lih-Shen Chin46, Mario Chiong233, Gigi N.C. Chiu234, Dong-Hyung Cho235, Ssang-Goo Cho236, William C. Cho, Yong Yeon Cho237, Young Seok Cho238, Augustine M.K. Choi239, Eui Ju Choi231, Eun-Kyoung Choi240, Jayoung Choi241, Mary E. Choi239, Seung Il Choi84, Tsui-Fen Chou, Salem Chouaib242, Divaker Choubey243, Vinay Choubey244, Kuan-Chih Chow245, Kamal Chowdhury246, Charleen T. Chu247, Tsung-Hsien Chuang248, Taehoon Chun231, Hye Won Chung236, Taijoon Chung249, Yuen Li Chung250, Yong Joon Chwae86, Valentina Cianfanelli, Roberto Ciarcia93, Iwona A. Ciechomska251, Maria Rosa Ciriolo57, Mara Cirone118, Sofie Claerhout16, Sofie Claerhout252, Michael J. Clague253, Joan Clària41, Peter G.H. Clarke254, Robert Clarke25, Emilio Clementi, Cédric Cleyrat255, Miriam Cnop256, Eliana M. Coccia257, Tiziana Cocco258, Patrice Codogno21, Jörn Coers124, Ezra E.W. Cohen170, David Colecchia38, Luisa Coletto62, Núria S. Coll59, Emma Colucci-Guyon125, Sergio Comincini259, Maria Condello257, Katherine L. Cook260, Graham H. Coombs196, Cynthia D. Cooper261, J. Mark Cooper36, Isabelle Coppens144, Maria Tiziana Corasaniti122, Marco Corazzari57, Ramón Corbalán233, Elisabeth Corcelle-Termeau, Mario D. Cordero262, Cristina Corral-Ramos263, Olga Corti21, Olga Corti125, Andrea Cossarizza180, Paola Costelli75, Safia Costes11, Susan L. Cotman19, Ana Coto-Montes24, Sandra Cottet254, Eduardo Couve264, Lori R. Covey169, L. Ashley Cowart265, Jeffery S. Cox14, Fraser P. Coxon266, Carolyn B. Coyne247, Mark S. Cragg267, Rolf J. Craven207, Tiziana Crepaldi75, José L. Crespo262, Alfredo Criollo233, Valeria Crippa, Maria Teresa Cruz105, Ana Maria Cuervo62, José M. Cuezva268, Taixing Cui204, Pedro R. Cutillas119, Mark J. Czaja62, Maria F. Czyzyk-Krzeska243, Ruben K. Dagda269, Uta Dahmen270, Chunsun Dai271, Wenjie Dai272, Yun Dai273, Kevin N. Dalby274, Luisa Dalla Valle141, Guillaume Dalmasso160, Marcello D'Amelio, Markus Damme275, Arlette Darfeuille-Michaud160, Catherine Dargemont21, Victor M. Darley-Usmar203, Srinivasan Dasarathy32, Biplab Dasgupta276, Srikanta Dash277, Crispin R. Dass278, Hazel M. Davey279, Lester M. Davids280, David Dávila281, Roger J. Davis85, Ted M. Dawson144, Valina L. Dawson144, Paula Daza262, Jackie de Belleroche151, Paul de Figueiredo282, Regina Celia Bressan Queiroz de Figueiredo283, José de la Fuente59, Luisa De Martino93, Antonella De Matteis, Guido R.Y. De Meyer284, Angelo De Milito158, Mauro De Santi92, Wanderley de Souza179, Vincenzo De Tata186, Daniela De Zio, Jayanta Debnath14, Reinhard Dechant285, Jean-Paul Decuypere16, Shane Deegan175, Benjamin Dehay146, Barbara Del Bello286, Dominic P. Del Re169, Régis Delage-Mourroux148, Lea M.D. Delbridge287, Louise Deldicque106, Elizabeth Delorme-Axford1, Yi Zhen Deng288, Joern Dengjel53, Melanie Denizot289, Paul Dent273, Channing J. Der165, Vojo Deretic255, Benoît Derrien285, Eric Deutsch37, Timothy P. Devarenne282, Rodney J. Devenish161, Sabrina Di Bartolomeo57, Nicola Di Daniele57, Fabio Di Domenico118, Alessia Di Nardo19, Simone Di Paola, Antonio Di Pietro263, Livia Di Renzo118, Aaron Di Antonio48, Guillermo Díaz-Araya233, Inés Díaz-Laviada290, Maria T. Diaz-Meco291, Javier Díaz-Nido268, Chad A. Dickey292, Robert C. Dickson207, Marc Diederich293, Paul Digard294, Ivan Dikic73, Savithrama P. Dinesh-Kumar295, Chan Ding, Wen-Xing Ding213, Zufeng Ding296, Luciana Dini297, Jörg H W Distler112, Abhinav Diwan48, Mojgan Djavaheri-Mergny146, Kostyantyn V. Dmytruk298, Renwick C. J. Dobson299, Volker Doetsch73, Karol Dokladny255, Svetlana Dokudovskaya242, Massimo Donadelli300, X. Charlie Dong147, Xiaonan Dong301, Zheng Dong70, Terrence M. Donohue162, Terrence M. Donohue-Jr302, Kelly S. Doran303, Gabriella D'Orazi304, Gerald W. Dorn48, Victor E. Dosenko298, Sami Dridi305, Liat Drucker77, Jie Du306, Li-Lin Du, Lihuan Du, André du Toit307, Priyamvada Dua119, Lei Duan308, Pu Duann43, Vikash Kumar Dubey309, Michael R. Duchen36, Michel A. Duchosal254, Hélène Duez310, Isabelle Dugail, Verónica I. Dumit53, Mara C. Duncan1, Elaine A. Dunlop311, William A. Dunn10, Nicolas Dupont21, Luc Dupuis90, Raúl V. Durán146, Thomas M. Durcan312, Stéphane Duvezin-Caubet146, Umamaheswar Duvvuri247, Vinay V. Eapen313, Darius Ebrahimi-Fakhari314, Arnaud Echard27, Leopold Eckhart315, Charles L. Edelstein316, Aimee L. Edinger210, Ludwig Eichinger120, Tobias Eisenberg178, Avital Eisenberg-Lerner58, N. Tony Eissa317, Wafik S. El-Deiry318, Victoria El-Khoury, Zvulun Elazar58, Hagit Eldar-Finkelman77, Christopher J. H. Elliott319, Enzo Emanuele259, Urban Emmenegger9, Nikolai Engedal135, Anna-Mart Engelbrecht307, Simone Engelender320, Jorrit M. Enserink135, Ralf Erdmann321, Jekaterina Erenpreisa322, Rajaraman Eri323, Jason L. Eriksen324, Andreja Erman325, Ricardo Escalante59, Eeva-Liisa Eskelinen326, Lucile Espert, Lorena Esteban-Martínez59, Thomas J. Evans8, Mario Fabri120, Gemma Fabriàs59, Cinzia Fabrizi118, Antonio Facchiano, Nils J. Færgeman327, Alberto Faggioni118, W. Douglas Fairlie328, Chunhai Fan, Daping Fan204, Jie Fan247, Shengyun Fang74, Manolis Fanto329, Alessandro Fanzani330, Thomas Farkas, Mathias Faure125, François Bertrand Favier, Howard O. Fearnhead175, Massimo Federici57, Erkang Fei331, Tania C. Felizardo2, Hua Feng228, Yibin Feng201, Yuchen Feng1, Thomas A. Ferguson48, Álvaro F. Fernández24, Maite G. Fernandez-Barrena332, José C. Fernández-Checa67, Arsenio Fernández-López333, Martin E. Fernandez-Zapico334, Olivier Feron106, Elisabetta Ferraro, Carmen Veríssima Ferreira-Halder335, László Fésüs336, Ralph Feuer303, Fabienne C. Fiesel334, Eduardo C. Filippi-Chiela337, Giuseppe Filomeni57, Gian Maria Fimia297, John H. Fingert7, Steven Finkbeiner338, Steven Finkbeiner14, Toren Finkel2, Filomena Fiorito93, Paul B. Fisher273, Marc Flajolet339, Flavio Flamigni190, Oliver Florey340, Salvatore Florio93, R. Andres Floto109, Marco Folini, Carlo Follo341, Edward A. Fon312, Francesco Fornai186, Franco Fortunato314, Alessandro Fraldi, Rodrigo Franco342, Arnaud François343, Aurélie François, Lisa B. Frankel344, Iain D. C. Fraser2, Norbert Frey275, Damien Freyssenet345, Christian Frezza109, Scott L. Friedman18, Daniel E. Frigo324, Daniel E. Frigo346, Dongxu Fu347, José M. Fuentes, Juan Fueyo103, Yoshio Fujitani348, Yuuki Fujiwara, Mikihiro Fujiya349, Mitsunori Fukuda63, Simone Fulda73, Carmela Fusco350, Bozena Gabryel351, Matthias Gaestel117, Philippe Gailly106, Małgorzata Gajewska352, Sehamuddin Galadari353, Sehamuddin Galadari354, Gad Galili58, Inmaculada Galindo, Maria F. Galindo, Giovanna Galliciotti355, Lorenzo Galluzzi, Luca Galluzzi92, Vincent Galy133, Noor Gammoh294, Sam Gandy18, Sam Gandy111, Anand K. Ganesan210, Swamynathan Ganesan356, Ian G. Ganley357, Monique Gannagé358, Fen-Biao Gao85, Feng Gao359, Jian Xin Gao209, Lorena García Nannig233, Eleonora García Véscovi360, Marina Garcia-Macía62, Carmen García-Ruiz41, Abhishek D. Garg16, Pramod Kumar Garg361, Ricardo Gargini268, Nils C. Gassen246, Damián Gatica1, Evelina Gatti125, Evelina Gatti181, Evelina Gatti362, Julie Gavard362, Evripidis Gavathiotis62, Liang Ge363, Pengfei Ge364, Shengfang Ge209, Po Wu Gean200, Vania Gelmetti350, Armando A. Genazzani341, Jiefei Geng19, Pascal Genschik125, Lisa Gerner135, Jason E. Gestwicki14, David A. Gewirtz273, Saeid Ghavami365, Eric Ghigo181, Debabrata Ghosh361, Anna Maria Giammarioli257, Francesca Giampieri107, Claudia Giampietri118, Alexandra Giatromanolaki366, Derrick Gibbings367, Lara Gibellini180, Spencer B. Gibson365, Vanessa Ginet254, Antonio Giordano368, Antonio Giordano286, Flaviano Giorgini49, Elisa Giovannetti186, Elisa Giovannetti369, Stephen E. Girardin9, Suzana Gispert73, Sandy Giuliano, Candece L. Gladson32, Alvaro Glavic233, Martin E. Gleave370, Nelly Godefroy, Robert M. Gogal371, Kuppan Gokulan216, Gustavo H. Goldman157, Delia Goletti, Michael S. Goligorsky372, Aldrin V. Gomes295, Ligia C. Gomes, Hernando Gomez247, Candelaria Gomez-Manzano103, Rubén Gómez-Sánchez, Dawit A. P. Gonçalves157, Ebru Goncu373, Qingqiu Gong374, Céline Gongora, Carlos B. Gonzalez375, Pedro Gonzalez-Alegre139, Pilar Gonzalez-Cabo59, Rosa A. González-Polo, Ing Swie Goping376, Carlos Gorbea377, Nikolai V. Gorbunov378, Daphne R. Goring9, Adrienne M. Gorman175, Sharon M. Gorski379, Sharon M. Gorski370, Sandro Goruppi19, Shino Goto-Yamada66, Cecilia Gotor59, Roberta A. Gottlieb380, Illana Gozes77, Devrim Gozuacik164, Yacine Graba181, Martin Graef246, Giovanna Elvira Granato368, Gary Grant52, Steven Grant273, Giovanni Luca Gravina381, Douglas R. Green, Alexander Greenhough382, Michael T. Greenwood383, Benedetto Grimaldi384, Frédéric Gros90, Charles Grose7, Jean Francois Groulx291, Florian Gruber315, Paolo Grumati73, Paolo Grumati141, Tilman Grune, Jun-Lin Guan243, Kun-Liang Guan170, Barbara Guerra327, Carlos Guillén385, Carlos Guillén281, Kailash Gulshan32, Jan Gunst16, Chuanyong Guo386, Lei Guo216, Ming Guo11, Wenjie Guo387, Xu Guang Guo388, Andrea A. Gust389, Åsa B. Gustafsson170, Elaine Gutierrez81, Maximiliano G. Gutierrez390, Ho Shin Gwak, Albert Haas391, James E. Haber313, Shinji Hadano392, Monica Hagedorn393, David Hahn276, Andrew J. Halayko365, Anne Hamacher-Brady150, Kozo Hamada, Ahmed Hamaï21, Andrea Hamann73, Maho Hamasaki39, Isabelle Hamer, Qutayba Hamid, Ester M. Hammond163, Feng Han217, Weidong Han217, James T. Handa144, John A. Hanover2, Malene Hansen291, Masaru Harada6, Ljubica Harhaji-Trajkovic166, J. Wade Harper19, Abdel Halim Harrath394, Adrian L. Harris163, James Harris161, Udo Hasler358, Peter Hasselblatt53, Kazuhisa Hasui395, Robert G. Hawley396, Teresa S. Hawley396, Congcong He127, Cynthia Y. He234, Fengtian He228, Gu He397, Rong-Rong He398, Xian-Hui He398, You-Wen He124, Yu-Ying He241, Joan K. Heath399, Marie-Josée Hébert123, Robert A. Heinzen2, Gudmundur Vignir Helgason8, Michael Hensel400, Elizabeth P. Henske19, Chengtao Her401, Paul K. Herman43, Agustín Hernández157, Carlos Hernández55, Sonia Hernández-Tiedra281, Claudio Hetz233, P. Robin Hiesinger301, Katsumi Higaki402, Sabine Hilfiker59, Bradford G. Hill229, Joseph A. Hill301, William D. Hill70, Keisuke Hino403, Daniel Hofius149, Paul Hofman, Günter U. Höglinger404, Günter U. Höglinger28, Jörg Höhfeld391, Marina K. Holz62, Yonggeun Hong405, David A. Hood406, Jeroen J.M. Hoozemans369, Thorsten Hoppe120, Chin Hsu193, Chin Yuan Hsu215, Li Chung Hsu407, Dong Hu408, Guochang Hu409, Hong-Ming Hu410, Hongbo Hu411, Ming Chang Hu412, Yu-Chen Hu413, Zhuo-Wei Hu414, Fang Hua414, Ya Hua1, Canhua Huang397, Huey Lan Huang415, Kuo How Huang407, Kuo Yang Huang215, Shile Huang416, Shiqian Huang209, Wei-Pang Huang407, Yi Ran Huang209, Yong Huang18, Yunfei Huang417, Tobias B. Huber53, Patricia Huebbe275, Won-Ki Huh293, Juha J. Hulmi326, Juha J. Hulmi418, Gang Min Hur419, James H. Hurley363, Zvenyslava Husak, Sabah N.A. Hussain11, Sabah N.A. Hussain312, Salik Hussain2, Jung Jin Hwang420, Seungmin Hwang241, Thomas I-Sheng Hwang421, Atsuhiro Ichihara, Yuzuru Imai348, Carol Imbriano180, Megumi Inomata422, Takeshi Into422, Valentina Iovane423, Juan L. Iovanna181, Renato V. Iozzo33, Nancy Y. Ip424, Javier E. Irazoqui19, Pablo Iribarren425, Yoshitaka Isaka39, Aleksandra Isakovic166, Harry Ischiropoulos139, Jeffrey S. Isenberg247, Mohammad Ishaq426, Hiroyuki Ishida63, Isao Ishii427, Jane E. Ishmael428, Ciro Isidoro341, Ken-ichi Isobe429, Erika Isono28, Shohreh Issazadeh-Navikas344, Koji Itahana234, Eisuke Itakura430, Andrei I. Ivanov273, Anand Krishnan V. Iyer78, José M. Izquierdo268, Yotaro Izumi431, V. Izzo, Marja Jäättelä, Nadia Jaber432, Daniel J. Jackson153, William T. Jackson74, Tony George Jacob361, Thomas S. Jacques36, Chinnaswamy Jagannath103, Ashish Jain135, Nihar Ranjan Jana433, Byoung Kuk Jang434, Alkesh Jani316, Alkesh Jani111, Bassam Janji, Paulo R. Jannig157, Patric J. Jansson81, Steve Jean110, Marina Jendrach435, Ju Hong Jeon293, Niels Jessen47, Eui-Bae Jeung436, Kailiang Jia154, Lijun Jia206, Hong Jiang103, Hongchi Jiang272, Liwen Jiang197, Teng Jiang271, Xiaoyan Jiang370, Xuejun Jiang437, Ying Jiang143, Ying Jiang142, Yongjun Jiang438, Alberto Jiménez136, Cheng Jin, Hongchuan Jin217, Lei Jin439, Meiyan Jin1, Shengkan Jin169, Umesh K. Jinwal292, Eun-Kyeong Jo419, Terje Johansen, Daniel Johnson247, Gail V.W. Johnson159, James D. Johnson370, E. Jonasch103, Chris Jones, Leo A. B. Joosten440, Joaquín Jordán187, Anna Maria Joseph10, Bertrand Joseph158, Annie M. Joubert441, Dianwen Ju442, Jingfang Ju432, Hsueh Fen Juan407, Katrin Juenemann121, Gábor Juhász130, Hye Seung Jung293, Jae U. Jung67, Yong-Keun Jung293, Heinz Jungbluth443, Heinz Jungbluth329, Matthew J. Justice316, Barry Jutten444, Nadeem O. Kaakoush205, Kai Kaarniranta445, Allen Kaasik244, Tomohiro Kabuta, Bertrand Kaeffer, Katarina Kågedal140, Alon Kahana1, Shingo Kajimura14, Or Kakhlon, Manjula Kalia, Dhan V. Kalvakolanu74, Yoshiaki Kamada446, Konstantinos Kambas366, Vitaliy O. Kaminskyy158, Harm H. Kampinga447, Mustapha Kandouz44, Chanhee Kang448, Chanhee Kang19, Rui Kang247, Tae Cheon Kang240, Tomotake Kanki54, Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti, Haruo Kanno63, Anumantha G. Kanthasamy102, Marc Kantorow154, Maria Kaparakis-Liaskos449, Orsolya Kapuy, Vassiliki Karantza450, Razaul Karim4, Parimal Karmakar451, Arthur Kaser109, Susmita Kaushik62, Thomas H. Kawula165, A. Murat Kaynar247, Po-Yuan Ke215, Zun-Ji Ke452, John H. Kehrl2, Kate E. Keller453, Jongsook Kim Kemper454, Anne K. Kenworthy455, Oliver Kepp, Andreas Kern116, Santosh Kesari, David Kessel44, Robin Ketteler36, Isis do Carmo Kettelhut157, Bilon Khambu147, Muzamil Majid Khan456, Vinoth Kumar Megraj Khandelwal, Sangeeta Khare216, Juliann G. Kiang378, Amy A. Kiger170, Akio Kihara457, Arianna L. Kim101, Cheol Hyeon Kim, Deok Ryong Kim458, Do Hyung Kim4, Eung Kweon Kim84, Hye Young Kim459, Hyung Ryong Kim460, Jae-Sung Kim10, Jeong Hun Kim293, Jin Cheon Kim420, Jin Hyoung Kim293, Kwang Woon Kim455, Michael D. Kim461, Moon Moo Kim, Peter K. Kim9, Seong Who Kim420, Soo-Youl Kim, Yong-Sun Kim240, Yonghyun Kim462, Adi Kimchi58, Alec C. Kimmelman19, Tomonori Kimura255, Jason S. King463, Karla Kirkegaard72, Vladimir Kirkin464, Lorrie A. Kirshenbaum365, Shuji Kishi29, Yasuo Kitajima63, Katsuhiko Kitamoto465, Yasushi Kitaoka466, Kaio Kitazato69, Rudolf A. Kley321, Walter T. Klimecki223, Michael Klinkenberg73, Jochen Klucken112, Helene Knævelsrud123, Erwin Knecht, Laura Knuppertz73, Jiunn-Liang Ko467, Satoru Kobayashi468, Jan C. Koch153, Christelle Koechlin-Ramonatxo, Ulrich Koenig469, Young Ho Koh240, Katja Köhler285, Sepp D. Kohlwein178, Masato Koike348, Masaaki Komatsu54, Eiki Kominami348, Dexin Kong470, Hee Jeong Kong471, Eumorphia G. Konstantakou472, Benjamin T. Kopp473, Tamas Korcsmaros, Laura Korhonen326, Viktor I. Korolchuk182, Nadya V. Koshkina103, Yanjun Kou288, Michael I. Koukourakis366, Constantinos Koumenis139, Attila L. Kovács130, Tibor Kovács130, Werner J. Kovacs285, Daisuke Koya474, Claudine Kraft22, Dimitri Krainc127, Helmut Kramer301, Tamara Kravic-Stevovic166, Wilhelm Krek285, Carole Kretz-Remy345, Carole Kretz-Remy125, Roswitha Krick153, Malathi Krishnamurthy475, Janos Kriston-Vizi36, Guido Kroemer, Michael C. Kruer223, Rejko Krüger476, Nicholas T. Ktistakis340, Kazuyuki Kuchitsu477, Christian Kuhn275, Addanki P. Kumar478, Anuj Kumar1, Ashok Kumar229, Deepak Kumar479, Dhiraj Kumar199, Rakesh Kumar396, Sharad Kumar480, Mondira Kundu, Hsing Jien Kung248, Hsing Jien Kung295, Atsushi Kuno481, Sheng-Han Kuo101, Jeff Kuret43, Tino Kurz140, Terry Kwok161, Taeg Kyu Kwon434, Yong Tae Kwon293, Irene Kyrmizi195, Albert R. La Spada170, Frank Lafont310, Tim Lahm147, Aparna Lakkaraju155, Truong Lam103, Trond Lamark, Steve Lancel310, Terry H. Landowski223, Darius J.R. Lane81, Jon D. Lane382, Cinzia Lanzi, Pierre Lapaquette, Louis R. Lapierre88, Jocelyn Laporte90, Johanna Laukkarinen, Gordon W. Laurie482, Sergio Lavandero301, Sergio Lavandero233, Lena Lavie320, Matthew J. LaVoie19, Betty Yuen Kwan Law483, Helen K. W. Law484, Kelsey B. Law9, Robert Layfield485, Pedro A. Lazo136, Laurent Le Cam362, Karine G. Le Roch486, Hervé Le Stunff21, Hervé Le Stunff37, Vijittra Leardkamolkarn487, Marc Lecuit27, Byung-Hoon Lee293, Che Hsin Lee488, Erinna F. Lee328, Gyun Min Lee489, He Jin Lee236, Hsinyu Lee407, Jae Keun Lee231, Jongdae Lee170, Ju-Hyun Lee143, Ju-Hyun Lee142, Jun Hee Lee1, Michael Lee490, Myung-Shik Lee84, Patty J. Lee491, Sam W. Lee19, Seung-Jae Lee293, Shiow Ju Lee248, Stella Y. Lee492, Sug Hyung Lee237, Sung Sik Lee285, Sung Joon Lee231, Sunhee Lee124, Ying-Ray Lee, Yong J. Lee247, Young H. Lee2, Christiaan Leeuwenburgh10, Sylvain Lefort370, Renaud Legouis37, Jinzhi Lei222, Qun-Ying Lei206, David A. Leib202, Gil Leibowitz, Istvan Lekli336, Stéphane D. Lemaire125, John J. Lemasters265, Marius K. Lemberg314, Antoinette Lemoine, Shuilong Leng388, Guido Lenz337, Paola Lenzi186, Lilach O. Lerman334, Daniele Lettieri Barbato57, Julia I-Ju Leu139, Hing Y. Leung8, Beth Levine448, Beth Levine301, Patrick A. Lewis493, Patrick A. Lewis36, Frank Lezoualc'h494, Chi Li229, Faqiang Li48, Feng Jun Li234, Jun Li455, Ke Li414, Lian Li46, Min Li227, Min Li495, Qiang Li214, Rui Li312, Sheng Li, Wei Li214, Wei Li306, Xiaotao Li496, Yumin Li497, Jiqin Lian228, Chengyu Liang67, Qiangrong Liang468, Yulin Liao498, Joana Liberal105, Pawel P. Liberski, Pearl P.Y. Lie143, Andrew P. Lieberman1, Hyunjung Jade Lim236, Kah-Leong Lim234, Kyu Lim419, Raquel T. Lima499, Chang-Shen Lin500, Chang-Shen Lin193, Chiou Feng Lin501, Fang Lin502, Fangming Lin101, Fu-Cheng Lin217, Kui Lin132, Kwang-Huei Lin215, Pei-Hui Lin43, Tianwei Lin503, Wan-Wan Lin407, Yee Shin Lin200, Yong Lin504, Rafael Linden179, Dan Lindholm326, Lisa M Lindqvist287, Paul Lingor153, Andreas Linkermann275, Lance A. Liotta505, Marta M. Lipinski74, Vitor A. Lira7, Michael P. Lisanti506, Paloma B. Liton124, Bo Liu397, Chong Liu507, Chun-Feng Liu502, Fei Liu1, Hung-Jen Liu245, Jian-Xun Liu, Jingjing Liu170, Jing Lan Liu215, Ke Liu397, Leyuan Liu282, Liang Liu483, Quentin Liu211, Rong Yu Liu508, Shiming Liu388, Shuwen Liu498, Wei Liu217, Xian De Liu103, Xiangguo Liu219, Xiao Hong Liu217, Xinfeng Liu509, Xu Liu1, Xueqin Liu438, Yang Liu301, Yule Liu222, Zexian Liu510, Zhe Liu470, Juan P. Liuzzi511, Gérard Lizard, Mila Ljujic175, Irfan J. Lodhi48, Susan E. Logue175, Balakrishna L. Lokeshwar70, Yun Chau Long234, Sagar Lonial46, Benjamin Loos307, Carlos López-Otín24, Cristina López-Vicario41, Mar Lorente281, Philip L. Lorenzi103, Péter Lõrincz130, Marek Los351, Michael T. Lotze247, Penny E. Lovat182, Binfeng Lu247, Bo Lu33, Jia-Hong Lu512, Qing Lu88, She Min Lu513, Shuyan Lu514, Yingying Lu515, Frederic Luciano516, Shirley Luckhart295, John M. Lucocq517, Paula Ludovico518, Aurelia Lugea302, Nicholas W. Lukacs1, Julian J. Lum519, Anders H. Lund344, Honglin Luo370, Jia Luo207, Shouqing Luo520, Claudio Luparello15, Timothy J. Lyons347, Jianjie Ma43, Yi Ma209, Yong Ma272, Zhenyi Ma470, Juliano Machado157, Gláucia Maria Machado-Santelli157, Fernando Macian62, Gustavo C. MacIntosh102, Jeffrey P. MacKeigan521, Kay F. Macleod241, John D. MacMicking491, Lee Ann MacMillan-Crow296, Frank Madeo178, Muniswamy Madesh368, Julio Madrigal-Matute62, Akiko Maeda176, Tatsuya Maeda465, Gustavo Maegawa10, Emilia Maellaro286, Hannelore Maes16, Marta Magariños268, Kenneth Maiese169, Tapas K. Maiti522, Luigi Maiuri, Maria Chiara Maiuri, Carl G. Maki308, Roland Malli523, Walter Malorni257, Alina Maloyan453, Fathia Mami-Chouaib242, Na Man524, Na Man461, Joseph D. Mancias19, Eva Maria Mandelkow525, Michael A. Mandell255, Angelo A. Manfredi, Serge N. Manié526, Claudia Manzoni36, Claudia Manzoni493, Kai Mao19, Zixu Mao46, Zong Wan Mao227, Philippe Marambaud134, Anna Maria Marconi76, Zvonimir Marelja527, Gabriella Marfe174, Marta Margeta14, Éva Margittai96, Muriel Mari138, Francesca V. Mariani67, Concepcio Marin, Sara Marinelli, Guillermo Mariño24, Ivanka Markovic166, Rebecca T. Marquez213, Alberto M. Martelli190, Sascha Martens22, Katie R. Martin521, Seamus J. Martin171, Shaun Martin16, Miguel A. Martín-Acebes59, Paloma Martín-Sanz, Camille Martinand-Mari, Wim Martinet284, Jennifer Martinez2, Nuria Martinez-Lopez62, Ubaldo E. Martinez-Outschoorn33, Moisés Martínez-Velázquez, Marta Martinez-Vicente, Waleska Kerllen Martins157, Hirosato Mashima528, James A. Mastrianni241, Giuseppe Matarese423, Paola Matarrese257, Roberto Mateo72, Satoaki Matoba529, Naomichi Matsumoto530, Takehiko Matsushita531, Akira Matsuura430, Takeshi Matsuzawa532, Mark P. Mattson2, Soledad Matus233, Norma Maugeri188, Caroline Mauvezin4, Andreas Mayer254, Dusica Maysinger312, Guillermo Mazzolini533, Mary Kate McBrayer143, Kimberly McCall534, Craig McCormick535, Gerald M. McInerney158, Skye C. McIver155, Sharon L. McKenna536, John J. McMahon124, Iain A. McNeish8, Fatima Mechta-Grigoriou537, Jan Paul Medema121, Diego L. Medina, Klára Megyeri538, Maryam Mehrpour21, Jawahar L. Mehta296, Yide Mei524, Ute C. Meier119, Alfred J. Meijer121, Alicia Meléndez65, Gerry Melino57, Sonia Melino57, Edésio José Tenório de Melo539, Maria Angeles Mena, Marc D. Meneghini9, Javier A. Menendez, Regina Menezes540, Liesu Meng513, Linghua Meng, Songshu Meng211, Rossella Menghini57, A. Sue Menko33, Rubem F. S. Menna-Barreto283, Manoj B. Menon117, Marco Antonio Meraz-Ríos541, Giuseppe Merla350, Luciano Merlini, Angelica M. Merlot81, Andreas Meryk542, Stefania Meschini257, Joel N. Meyer124, Man Tian Mi228, Chao-Yu Miao507, Lucia Micale350, Simon Michaeli, Carine Michiels, Anna Rita Migliaccio18, Anastasia S. Mihailidou543, Anastasia S. Mihailidou81, Dalibor Mijaljica161, Katsuhiko Mikoshiba, Enrico Milan188, Leonor Miller-Fleming109, Gordon B. Mills103, Ian G. Mills347, Ian G. Mills135, Georgia Minakaki112, Berge A. Minassian9, Xiu-Fen Ming544, Farida V. Minibayeva545, Elena A. Minina149, Justine D. Mintern287, Saverio Minucci76, Antonio Miranda-Vizuete, Claire H. Mitchell139, Shigeki Miyamoto170, Keisuke Miyazawa3, Noboru Mizushima465, Katarzyna Mnich175, Baharia Mograbi, Simin Mohseni140, Luis F. Moita546, Marco Molinari, Maurizio Molinari547, Maurizio Molinari548, Andreas Buch Møller47, Bertrand Mollereau549, Faustino Mollinedo136, Marco Mongillo, Martha M. Monick7, Serena Montagnaro93, Craig Montell550, Darren J. Moore521, Michael Moore551, Rodrigo Mora-Rodriguez552, Paula I. Moreira105, Etienne Morel21, Maria Beatrice Morelli118, Sandra Moreno553, Michael J. Morgan13, Arnaud Moris133, Yuji Moriyasu554, Janna L. Morrison480, Lynda A. Morrison555, Eugenia Morselli556, Jorge Moscat291, Pope L. Moseley255, Serge Mostowy42, Elisa Motori246, Denis Mottet557, Jeremy C. Mottram319, Charbel Moussa25, Vassiliki E. Mpakou472, Hasan Mukhtar155, Jean M. Mulcahy Levy13, Sylviane Muller90, Raquel Muñoz-Moreno, Cristina Muñoz-Pinedo, Christian Münz191, Maureen E. Murphy34, James Murray171, Aditya Murthy132, Indira U. Mysorekar48, Ivan R. Nabi370, Massimo Nabissi40, Gustavo A. Nader158, Yukitoshi Nagahara558, Yoshitaka Nagai, Kazuhiro Nagata559, Anika Nagelkerke440, Péter Nagy130, Samisubbu R. Naidu147, Sreejayan Nair560, Hiroyasu Nakano561, Hitoshi Nakatogawa562, Meera Nanjundan292, Gennaro Napolitano, Naweed I. Naqvi288, Roberta Nardacci, Derek P. Narendra19, Masashi Narita109, Anna Chiara Nascimbeni21, Ramesh Natarajan273, Luiz Carlos Carvalho Navegantes157, Steffan T. Nawrocki478, Taras Y. Nazarko170, Volodymyr Y. Nazarko409, Thomas Neill33, Luca M. Neri563, Mihai G. Netea440, Romana T. Netea-Maier440, Bruno Miguel Neves564, Paul A. Ney565, Ioannis P. Nezis566, Hang T.T. Nguyen160, Huu Phuc Nguyen389, Anne Sophie Nicot90, Hilde Nilsen135, Per Nilsson158, Mikio Nishimura446, Ichizo Nishino, Mireia Niso-Santano, Hua Niu502, Ralph A. Nixon142, Vincent C. O. Njar74, Takeshi Noda39, Angelika A. Noegel120, E.M. Nolte441, Erik Norberg158, Koenraad Norga284, Sakineh Kazemi Noureini567, Shoji Notomi19, Lucia Notterpek10, Karin Nowikovsky315, Nobuyuki Nukina348, Thorsten Nürnberger389, Valerie B. O'Donnell311, Tracey R. O’Donovan536, Peter J. O'Dwyer139, Ina Oehme150, Clara L. Oeste59, Michinaga Ogawa2, Besim Ogretmen265, Yuji Ogura466, Young J. Oh84, Masaki Ohmuraya568, Takayuki Ohshima569, Rani Ojha128, Koji Okamoto39, Toshiro Okazaki474, F. Javier Oliver59, Karin Öllinger140, Stefan Olsson344, Daniel P. Orban1, Paulina Ordonez170, Idil Orhon21, László Orosz538, Eyleen J. O’Rourke482, Helena Orozco55, Angel Ortega55, Elena Ortona257, Laura D. Osellame161, Junko Oshima570, Shigeru Oshima571, Heinz D. Osiewacz73, Takanobu Otomo39, Kinya Otsu329, Jing Hsiung James Ou67, Tiago F. Outeiro153, Dong-Yun Ouyang398, Hongjiao Ouyang247, Michael Overholtzer572, Michelle A. Ozbun255, P. Hande Özdinler127, Bulent Ozpolat103, Consiglia Pacelli123, Paolo Paganetti, Guylène Page573, Gilles Pagès, Ugo Pagnini93, Beata Pajak352, Beata Pajak437, Stephen C. Pak247, Karolina Pakos-Zebrucka175, Nazzy Pakpour295, Zdena Palková574, Francesca Palladino549, Kathrin Pallauf275, Nicolas Pallet362, Marta Palmieri300, Søren R. Paludan47, Camilla Palumbo57, Silvia Palumbo259, Olatz Pampliega62, Hongming Pan217, Wei Pan498, Theocharis Panaretakis158, Aseem Pandey282, Areti Pantazopoulou59, Zuzana Papackova, Daniela L. Papademetrio35, Issidora S. Papassideri472, Alessio Papini575, Nirmala Parajuli296, Julián Pardo50, Vrajesh V. Parekh455, Giancarlo Parenti93, Jong-In Park576, Junsoo Park84, Ohkmae K. Park231, Roy Parker13, Rosanna Parlato577, Rosanna Parlato314, Jan B. Parys16, Katherine R. Parzych1, Jean Max Pasquet146, Benoit Pasquier578, Kishore B.S. Pasumarthi535, Cam Patterson239, Cam Patterson153, Sophie Pattingre, Scott Pattison579, Arnim Pause312, Hermann Pavenstädt469, Flaminia Pavone, Zully Pedrozo556, Fernando J. Peña580, Miguel A. Peñalva59, Mario Pende21, Jianxin Peng581, Fabio Penna75, Josef M. Penninger582, Anna Pensalfini143, Salvatore Pepe287, Gustavo J.S. Pereira131, Paulo Pereira105, Verónica Pérez de la Cruz, María Esther Pérez-Pérez262, Diego Pérez-Rodríguez333, Dolores Pérez-Sala59, Celine Perier, Andras Perl583, David H. Perlmutter247, Ida Perrotta56, Shazib Pervaiz234, Shazib Pervaiz278, Maija Pesonen445, Jeffrey E. Pessin62, Godefridus J. Peters369, Morten Petersen344, Irina Petrache316, Basil J. Petrof312, Goran Petrovski135, Goran Petrovski538, James M. Phang2, Mauro Piacentini57, Marina Pierdominici257, Philippe Pierre, Valérie Pierrefite-Carle, Federico Pietrocola, Felipe X. Pimentel-Muiños136, Mario Pinar59, Benjamin Pineda, Ronit Pinkas-Kramarski77, Marcello Pinti180, Paolo Pinton563, Bilal Piperdi62, James M. Piret370, Leonidas C. Platanias127, Leonidas C. Platanias302, Harald W. Platta321, Edward D. Plowey72, Stefanie Pöggeler153, Marc Poirot, Peter Polčic584, Angelo Poletti76, Audrey H. Poon312, Hana Popelka1, Blagovesta Popova153, Izabela Poprawa351, Shibu M. Poulose585, Joanna Poulton163, Scott K. Powers10, Ted Powers295, Mercedes Pozuelo-Rubio59, Krisna Prak36, Reinhild Prange116, Mark Prescott161, Muriel Priault146, Sharon Prince280, Richard L. Proia2, Tassula Proikas-Cezanne389, Holger Prokisch28, Vasilis J. Promponas586, Karin Przyklenk44, Rosa Puertollano2, Subbiah Pugazhenthi13, Luigi Puglielli155, Aurora Pujol, Julien Puyal254, Dohun Pyeon13, Xin Qi176, Wen Bin Qian217, Zheng-Hong Qin502, Yu Qiu, Ziwei Qu288, Joe Quadrilatero587, Frederick D. Quinn371, Nina Raben2, Hannah Rabinowich247, Flavia Radogna, Michael J. Ragusa202, Mohamed Rahmani273, Komal Raina13, Sasanka Ramanadham203, Rajagopal Ramesh588, Abdelhaq Rami73, Sarron Randall-Demllo323, Felix Randow109, Felix Randow42, Hai Rao478, V. Ashutosh Rao216, Blake B. Rasmussen17, Tobias M. Rasse314, Edward A. Ratovitski144, Pierre-Emmanuel Rautou21, Swapan K. Ray204, Babak Razani48, Bruce H. Reed587, Fulvio Reggiori138, Markus Rehm589, Andreas S. Reichert590, Theo Rein246, David J. Reiner282, Eric Reits121, Jun Ren560, Xingcong Ren232, Maurizio Renna109, Jane E.B. Reusch13, Jane E.B. Reusch111, José L. Revuelta136, Leticia Reyes155, Alireza R. Rezaie555, Robert I. Richards356, Des R. Richardson81, Clémence Richetta133, Michael A. Riehle223, Bertrand H. Rihn591, Yasuko Rikihisa43, Brigit E. Riley592, Gerald Rimbach275, Maria Rita Rippo107, Konstantinos Ritis366, Federica Rizzi126, Elizete Rizzo593, Peter J. Roach147, Jeffrey Robbins243, Michel Roberge370, Gabriela Roca594, Maria Carmela Roccheri15, Sonia Rocha357, Cecília M. P. Rodrigues595, Clara I. Rodríguez, Santiago Rodríguez de Córdoba59, Natalia Rodriguez-Muela59, Jeroen Roelofs492, Vladimir V. Rogov73, Troy T. Rohn596, Bärbel Rohrer265, Davide Romanelli597, Luigina Romani598, Patricia Silvia Romano599, M. Isabel G. Roncero263, Jose Luis Rosa41, Alicia Rosello600, Kirill V. Rosen535, Philip Rosenstiel275, Magdalena Rost-Roszkowska351, Kevin A. Roth203, Gaël Roué, Mustapha Rouis133, Kasper M.A. Rouschop444, Daniel T. Ruan19, Diego Ruano262, David C. Rubinsztein109, Edmund B. Rucker207, Assaf Rudich12, Emil Rudolf574, Ruediger Rudolf601, Markus A. Rüegg184, Carmen Ruiz-Roldán263, Avnika A. Ruparelia161, Paola Rusmini76, David W. Russ602, Gian Luigi Russo38, Giuseppe Russo368, Rossella Russo56, Tor Erik Rusten135, Victoria Ryabovol545, Kevin M. Ryan8, Stefan W. Ryter239, David M. Sabatini45, Michael Sacher312, Michael Sacher603, Carsten Sachse, Michael N. Sack2, Junichi Sadoshima169, Paul Saftig275, Ronit Sagi-Eisenberg77, Sumit Sahni81, Pothana Saikumar478, Tsunenori Saito604, Tatsuya Saitoh605, Koichi Sakakura606, Machiko Sakoh-Nakatogawa562, Yasuhito Sakuraba293, María Salazar-Roa385, Paolo Salomoni36, Ashok K. Saluja4, Paul M. Salvaterra51, Rosa Salvioli257, Afshin Samali175, Anthony Sanchez, José Antonio Sánchez-Alcázar607, Ricardo Sánchez-Prieto187, Marco Sandri, Miguel A. Sanjuan608, Stefano Santaguida45, Laura Santambrogio62, Giorgio Santoni40, Cláudia N. Santos540, Shweta Saran609, Marco Sardiello317, Graeme Sargent9, Pallabi Sarkar143, Sovan Sarkar610, Maria Rosa Sarrias, Minnie M. Sarwal14, Chihiro Sasakawa430, Motoko Sasaki611, Miklós Sass130, Ken Sato606, Miyuki Sato606, Joseph Satriano170, Niramol Savaraj461, Svetlana Saveljeva109, Liliana Schaefer73, Ulrich E. Schaible, Michael Scharl191, Hermann M. Schätzl612, Randy Schekman363, Wiep Scheper369, Alfonso Schiavi57, Hyman M. Schipper312, Hana Schmeisser2, Jens Schmidt153, Ingo Schmitz613, B. Schneider, E. Marion Schneider577, Jaime L. Schneider62, Eric A. Schon101, Miriam J. Schönenberger191, Axel H. Schönthal67, Daniel F. Schorderet254, Bernd Schröder275, Sebastian Schuck314, Ryan J. Schulze334, Melanie Schwarten, Thomas Schwarz19, Sebastiano Sciarretta169, Sebastiano Sciarretta118, Kathleen W. Scotto169, A. Ivana Scovassi38, Robert A. Screaton9, Mark Screen326, Hugo Seca499, Simon Sedej523, Laura Segatori100, Nava Segev409, Per Ottar Seglen135, Jose M. Seguí-Simarro614, Juan Segura-Aguilar233, Iban Seiliez, Ekihiro Seki380, Christian Sell615, Clay F. Semenkovich48, Gregg L. Semenza144, Utpal Sen229, Andreas L. Serra191, Ana Serrano-Puebla59, Hiromi Sesaki144, Takao Setoguchi395, Carmine Settembre, John J. Shacka203, Ayesha N. Shajahan-Haq25, Irving M. Shapiro33, Shweta Sharma616, Hua She46, C. K.James Shen208, Chiung Chyi Shen, Han-Ming Shen234, Sanbing Shen175, Weili Shen209, Rui Sheng502, Xianyong Sheng617, Zu-Hang Sheng2, Trevor G. Shepherd618, Junyan Shi370, Qiang Shi216, Qinghua Shi524, Yuguang Shi232, Shusaku Shibutani619, Kenichi Shibuya620, Yoshihiro Shidoji621, Jeng-Jer Shieh245, Chwen Ming Shih501, Yohta Shimada60, Shigeomi Shimizu571, Dong Wook Shin622, Mari L. Shinohara124, Michiko Shintani531, Takahiro Shintani63, Tetsuo Shioi66, Ken Shirabe623, Ronit Shiri-Sverdlov444, Orian S. Shirihai534, Gordon C. Shore312, Chih-Wen Shu, Deepak Shukla409, Andriy A. Sibirny624, Andriy A. Sibirny298, Valentina Sica, Christina J. Sigurdson170, Einar M. Sigurdsson142, Puran Singh Sijwali426, Beata Sikorska, Wilian A. Silveira157, Sandrine Silvente-Poirot, Gary A. Silverman247, Jan Simak216, Thomas Simmet577, Anna Katharina Simon163, Hans-Uwe Simon61, Cristiano Simone258, Matias Simons527, Anne Simonsen135, Rajat Singh62, Shivendra V. Singh247, Shrawan Kumar Singh128, Debasish Sinha144, Sangita C. Sinha625, Frank A. Sinicrope334, Agnieszka Sirko437, Kapil Sirohi426, Balindiwe J.N. Sishi307, Annie Sittler133, Parco M. Siu484, Efthimios Sivridis366, Anna Skwarska626, Ruth S. Slack367, Iva Slaninová627, Nikolai Slavov628, Soraya S. Smaili131, Keiran S.M. Smalley292, Duncan R. Smith487, Stefaan J. Soenen16, Scott A. Soleimanpour1, Anita Solhaug629, Kumaravel Somasundaram91, Jin H. Son630, Avinash Sonawane631, Chunjuan Song, Fuyong Song219, Hyun Kyu Song231, Ju-Xian Song495, Wei Song312, Kai Y. Soo328, Anil K. Sood632, Tuck Wah Soong234, Virawudh Soontornniyomkij170, Maurizio Sorice118, Federica Sotgia506, David R. Soto-Pantoja260, Areechun Sotthibundhu633, Maria João Sousa518, Herman P. Spaink634, Paul N. Span440, Anne Spang184, Janet D. Sparks159, Peter Speck635, Stephen A. Spector170, Claudia Spies435, Wolfdieter Springer334, Daret K. St. Clair207, Alessandra Stacchiotti330, Bart Staels310, Michael T. Stang247, Daniel T. Starczynowski276, Petro Starokadomskyy301, Clemens Steegborn137, John W. Steele170, Leonidas Stefanis636, Joan S. Steffan210, Christine M. Stellrecht103, Harald Stenmark135, Tomasz M. Stepkowski, Stephan T. Stern637, Craig Stevens638, Brent R. Stockwell101, Veronika Stoka, Zuzana Storchova246, Björn Stork590, Vassilis Stratoulias326, Dimitrios J. Stravopodis472, Pavel Strnad639, Anne M. Strohecker43, Anna-Lena Ström640, Per E. Stromhaug641, Jiri Stulik, Yu Xiong Su201, Zhaoliang Su387, Carlos S. Subauste176, Srinivasa Subramaniam29, Carolyn M. Sue642, Sang Won Suh240, Xinbing Sui217, Supawadee Sukseree315, David Sulzer101, Fang Lin Sun386, Jiaren Sun17, Jun Sun409, Shi-Yong Sun46, Yang Sun509, Yi Sun1, Yingjie Sun, Vinod Sundaramoorthy71, Joseph J.Y. Sung197, Hidekazu Suzuki427, Kuninori Suzuki465, Naoki Suzuki63, Tadashi Suzuki, Yuichiro J. Suzuki25, Michele S. Swanson1, Charles Swanton36, Karl Swärd643, Ghanshyam Swarup426, Sean T. Sweeney319, Paul W. Sylvester644, Zsuzsanna Szatmári130, Eva Szegezdi175, Peter W. Szlosarek119, Heinrich Taegtmeyer103, Marco Tafani118, Emmanuel Taillebourg645, Stephen W.G. Tait8, Krisztina Takács-Vellai130, Yoshinori Takahashi232, Szabolcs Takáts130, Genzou Takemura422, Nagio Takigawa403, Nicholas J. Talbot551, Elena Tamagno75, Jerome Tamburini21, Cai Ping Tan227, Lan Tan646, Mei Lan Tan647, Ming Tan648, Yee-Joo Tan234, Yee-Joo Tan649, Keiji Tanaka650, Masaki Tanaka529, Daolin Tang247, Dingzhong Tang, Guomei Tang101, Isei Tanida348, Kunikazu Tanji651, Bakhos A. Tannous19, Jose A. Tapia580, Inmaculada Tasset-Cuevas62, Marc Tatar88, Iman Tavassoly18, Nektarios Tavernarakis195, Nektarios Tavernarakis652, Allen Taylor585, Graham S. Taylor610, Gregory A. Taylor124, J. Paul Taylor, Mark J. Taylor653, Elena V. Tchetina654, Andrew R. Tee311, Fatima Teixeira-Clerc21, Sucheta Telang229, Tewin Tencomnao655, Ba-Bie Teng103, Ru Jeng Teng576, Faraj Terro656, Gianluca Tettamanti597, Arianne L. Theiss657, Anne Elisabeth Theron441, Kelly Jean Thomas658, Marcos P. Thomé337, Paul G. Thomes162, Andrew Thorburn13, Jeremy Thorner363, Thomas Thum117, Michael Thumm153, Teresa L. M. Thurston42, Ling Tian, Andreas Till170, Andreas Till391, Jenny P.-Y. Ting165, Vladimir I. Titorenko603, Lilach Toker370, Stefano Toldo273, Sharon A. Tooze250, Ivan Topisirovic312, Maria Lyngaas Torgersen135, Liliana Torosantucci350, Alicia Torriglia, Maria Rosaria Torrisi118, Cathy Tournier506, Roberto Towns1, Vladimir Trajkovic166, Leonardo H. Travassos179, Gemma Triola59, Durga Nand Tripathi282, Daniela Trisciuoglio, Rodrigo Troncoso233, Ioannis P. Trougakos472, Anita C. Truttmann254, Kuen Jer Tsai200, Mario P. Tschan61, Yi Hsin Tseng215, Takayuki Tsukuba69, Allan Tsung247, Andrey S. Tsvetkov103, Shuiping Tu209, Hsing Yu Tuan413, Marco Tucci258, David A. Tumbarello267, Boris Turk, Vito Turk, Robin F. B. Turner370, Anders Aune Tveita135, Suresh C. Tyagi229, Makoto Ubukata457, Yasuo Uchiyama348, Andrej Udelnow613, Takashi Ueno348, Midori Umekawa659, Rika Umemiya-Shirafuji660, Benjamin R. Underwood, Christian Ungermann400, Rodrigo Portes Ureshino131, Ryo Ushioda559, Vladimir N. Uversky292, Néstor L. Uzcátegui661, Thomas Vaccari, Maria I. Vaccaro35, Libuše Váchová662, Helin Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg158, Rut Valdor, Enza Maria Valente423, François M. Vallette663, Ángela M. Valverde59, Greet Van den Berghe16, Ludo Van Den Bosch16, Gijs R. van den Brink121, F. Gisou van der Goot548, Ida J. van der Klei447, Luc J. W. van der Laan664, Wouter G. van Doorn295, Marjolein van Egmond369, Kenneth L. van Golen665, Kenneth L. van Golen666, Luc Van Kaer455, Menno van Lookeren Campagne132, Peter Vandenabeele667, Wim Vandenberghe16, Ilse Vanhorebeek16, Isabel Varela-Nieto59, M. Helena Vasconcelos499, Radovan Vasko153, Demetrios G. Vavvas19, Ignacio Vega-Naredo105, Guillermo Velasco281, Athanassios D. Velentzas472, Panagiotis D. Velentzas85, Tibor Vellai130, Edo Vellenga447, Mikkel H. Vendelbo47, Kartik Venkatachalam103, Natascia Ventura590, Salvador Ventura183, Patrícia Sampaio Tavares Veras283, Mireille Verdier656, Beáta G. Vértessy668, Andrea Viale632, Michel Vidal125, Helena L. A. Vieira540, Richard D. Vierstra48, Nadarajah Vigneswaran103, Neeraj Vij669, Miquel Vila183, Margarita Villar59, Victor H. Villar146, Joan Villarroya62, Cécile Vindis, Giampietro Viola141, Maria Teresa Viscomi, Giovanni Vitale76, Dan T. Vogl139, Olga V. Voitsekhovskaja545, Clarissa von Haefen435, Karin von Schwarzenberg670, Daniel E. Voth296, Valérie Vouret-Craviari, Kristina Vuori291, Jatin M. Vyas19, Christian Waeber536, Cheryl L. Walker282, Mark J. Walker671, Jochen Walter391, Lei Wan672, Lei Wan488, Xiangbo Wan227, Bo Wang219, Caihong Wang48, Chao-Yung Wang215, Chengshu Wang, Chenran Wang243, Chuangui Wang496, Dong Wang272, Fen Wang282, Fuxin Wang, Guanghui Wang502, Hai Jie Wang206, Haichao Wang134, Hong Gang Wang232, Hongmin Wang579, Horng-Dar Wang413, Jing Wang, Junjun Wang411, Mei Wang234, Mei Qing Wang359, Pei-Yu Wang407, Peng Wang206, Richard C. Wang301, Shuo Wang214, Ting-Fang Wang208, Xian Wang217, Xiao Jia Wang, Xiaowei Wang217, Xin Wang19, Xuejun Wang579, Yan Wang222, Yanming Wang232, Ying Wang673, Ying Jan Wang200, Yipeng Wang525, Yu Wang201, Yu Tian Wang370, Yuqing Wang9, Zhi Nong Wang507, Pablo Wappner674, Carl Ward610, Diane M. Ward377, Gary Warnes119, Hirotaka Watada348, Yoshihisa Watanabe529, Kei Watase571, Timothy E. Weaver243, Colin D. Weekes13, Jiwu Wei509, Thomas Weide469, Conrad C. Weihl48, Günther Weindl675, Simone Nardin Weis676, Longping Wen524, Xin Wen1, Yunfei Wen632, Benedikt Westermann137, Cornelia M. Weyand72, Anthony R. White287, Eileen White169, J. Lindsay Whitton29, Alexander J. Whitworth42, Joëlle Wiels242, Franziska Wild601, Manon E. Wildenberg121, Thomas Wileman677, Deepti S. Wilkinson291, Simon Wilkinson294, Dieter Willbold590, Chris Williams447, Katherine Williams216, Peter R. Williamson2, Konstanze F. Winklhofer321, Steven S. Witkin239, Stephanie E. Wohlgemuth10, Thomas Wollert246, Ernst J. Wolvetang671, Esther Wong678, G. William Wong144, Richard W. Wong611, Vincent Kam Wai Wong483, Elizabeth A. Woodcock679, Karen L. Wright680, Chunlai Wu681, Defeng Wu18, Gen Sheng Wu44, Jian Wu206, Junfang Wu74, Mian Wu524, Min Wu682, Shengzhou Wu168, William K.K. Wu197, Yaohua Wu272, Zhenlong Wu411, Cristina P.R. Xavier499, Ramnik J. Xavier19, Gui Xian Xia, Tian Xia11, Weiliang Xia209, Yong Xia388, Hengyi Xiao397, Jian Xiao507, Shi Xiao227, Wuhan Xiao214, Chuan-Ming Xie1, Zhiping Xie209, Zhonglin Xie588, Maria Xilouri636, Yuyan Xiong544, Chuanshan Xu197, Congfeng Xu209, Feng Xu206, Haoxing Xu1, Hongwei Xu272, Jian Xu588, Jianzhen Xu683, Jinxian Xu70, Liang Xu213, Xiaolei Xu334, Yangqing Xu19, Ye Xu364, Zhi-Xiang Xu203, Ziheng Xu1, Yu Xue510, Takahiro Yamada457, Ai Yamamoto101, Koji Yamanaka429, Shunhei Yamashina348, Shigeko Yamashiro169, Bing Yan219, Bo Yan, Xianghua Yan438, Zhen Yan482, Yasuo Yanagi684, Dun-Sheng Yang142, Jin Ming Yang232, Liu Yang359, Minghua Yang172, Pei Ming Yang501, Peixin Yang74, Qian Yang359, Wannian Yang685, Wei Yuan Yang208, Xuesong Yang398, Yi Yang686, Ying Yang209, Zhifen Yang72, Zhihong Yang544, Meng-Chao Yao208, Pamela J. Yao2, Xiaofeng Yao211, Zhenyu Yao, Zhiyuan Yao1, Linda S. Yasui687, Mingxiang Ye359, Barry Yedvobnick46, Behzad Yeganeh9, Elizabeth S. Yeh265, Patricia L. Yeyati294, Fan Yi219, Long Yi228, Xiao Ming Yin147, Calvin K. Yip370, Yeong Min Yoo84, Young Hyun Yoo459, Seung Yong Yoon420, Ken Ichi Yoshida688, Tamotsu Yoshimori39, Ken H. Young103, Huixin Yu, Jane J. Yu19, Jin-Tai Yu646, Jun Yu197, Li Yu222, W. Haung Yu101, Xiao Fang Yu364, Zhengping Yu228, Junying Yuan19, Zhi-Min Yuan19, Beatrice Y.J.T. Yue409, Jianbo Yue515, Zhenyu Yue18, David N. Zacks1, Eldad Zacksenhaus689, Nadia Zaffaroni, Tania Zaglia, Zahra Zakeri65, Vincent Zecchini109, Jinsheng Zeng227, Min Zeng690, Qi Zeng649, Antonis S. Zervos691, Donna D. Zhang223, Fan Zhang692, Guo Zhang, Guo Chang Zhang454, Hao Zhang683, Hong Zhang214, Hong Zhang224, Hongbing Zhang224, Hongbing Zhang414, Jian Zhang359, Jiangwei Zhang282, Jianhua Zhang203, Jing Pu Zhang414, Li Zhang, Lin Zhang139, Lin Zhang247, Long Zhang217, Ming Yong Zhang214, Xiangnan Zhang206, Xudong Zhang439, Yan Zhang693, Yang Zhang324, Yanjin Zhang616, Yingmei Zhang560, Yingmei Zhang359, Yunjiao Zhang524, Mei Zhao513, Wei Li Zhao209, Xiaonan Zhao209, Yan G. Zhao214, Ying Zhao224, Yongchao Zhao1, Yu Xia Zhao219, Zhendong Zhao414, Zhizhuang J. Zhao588, Dexian Zheng414, Xi-Long Zheng612, Xiaoxiang Zheng217, Boris Zhivotovsky158, Boris Zhivotovsky694, Qing Zhong301, Guang Zhou Zhou695, Guofei Zhou409, Huiping Zhou273, Shu Feng Zhou292, Xu-jie Zhou224, Hongxin Zhu209, Hua Zhu43, Wei-Guo Zhu224, Wenhua Zhu513, Xiao Feng Zhu227, Yuhua Zhu411, Shi-Mei Zhuang227, Xiaohong Zhuang197, Elio Ziparo118, Christos E. Zois163, Teresa Zoladek437, Wei-Xing Zong432, Antonio Zorzano41, Susu M. Zughaier46
University of Michigan1, National Institutes of Health2, Tokyo Medical University3, University of Minnesota4, Hebrew University of Jerusalem5, University of Occupational and Environmental Health Japan6, University of Iowa7, University of Glasgow8, University of Toronto9, University of Florida10, University of California, Los Angeles11, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev12, Anschutz Medical Campus13, University of California, San Francisco14, University of Palermo15, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven16, University of Texas Medical Branch17, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai18, Harvard University19, Broad Institute20, University of Paris21, University of Vienna22, University College Dublin23, University of Oviedo24, Georgetown University25, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research26, Pasteur Institute27, Technische Universität München28, Scripps Research Institute29, University of the Basque Country30, Ikerbasque31, Cleveland Clinic32, Thomas Jefferson University33, Wistar Institute34, University of Buenos Aires35, University College London36, Université Paris-Saclay37, National Research Council38, Osaka University39, University of Camerino40, University of Barcelona41, Medical Research Council42, Ohio State University43, Wayne State University44, Massachusetts Institute of Technology45, Emory University46, Aarhus University47, Washington University in St. Louis48, University of Leicester49, University of Zaragoza50, City of Hope National Medical Center51, Griffith University52, University of Freiburg53, Niigata University54, University of Valencia55, University of Calabria56, University of Rome Tor Vergata57, Weizmann Institute of Science58, Spanish National Research Council59, Jikei University School of Medicine60, University of Bern61, Yeshiva University62, Tohoku University63, University of Sunderland64, City University of New York65, Kyoto University66, University of Southern California67, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières68, Nagasaki University69, Georgia Regents University70, Macquarie University71, Stanford University72, Goethe University Frankfurt73, University of Maryland, Baltimore74, University of Turin75, University of Milan76, Tel Aviv University77, Hampton University78, University of Toyama79, Istituto Giannina Gaslini80, University of Sydney81, Kyungpook National University82, Hanyang University83, Yonsei University84, University of Massachusetts Medical School85, Ajou University86, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań87, Brown University88, Kunming University of Science and Technology89, University of Strasbourg90, Indian Institute of Science91, University of Urbino92, University of Naples Federico II93, University of Malta94, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology95, Semmelweis University96, Xuzhou Medical College97, Université du Québec à Montréal98, Pompeu Fabra University99, Rice University100, Columbia University101, Iowa State University102, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston103, University of North Texas Health Science Center104, University of Coimbra105, Université catholique de Louvain106, Marche Polytechnic University107, University of South Carolina Upstate108, University of Cambridge109, Université de Sherbrooke110, Veterans Health Administration111, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg112, McMaster University113, University of Greifswald114, University at Albany, SUNY115, University of Mainz116, Hannover Medical School117, Sapienza University of Rome118, Queen Mary University of London119, University of Cologne120, University of Amsterdam121, Magna Græcia University122, Université de Montréal123, Duke University124, Centre national de la recherche scientifique125, University of Parma126, Northwestern University127, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research128, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela129, Eötvös Loránd University130, Federal University of São Paulo131, Genentech132, Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University133, North Shore-LIJ Health System134, University of Oslo135, University of Salamanca136, University of Bayreuth137, Utrecht University138, University of Pennsylvania139, Linköping University140, University of Padua141, New York University142, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research143, Johns Hopkins University144, University of Santiago de Compostela145, University of Bordeaux146, Indiana University147, University of Franche-Comté148, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences149, German Cancer Research Center150, Imperial College London151, University of Udine152, University of Göttingen153, Florida Atlantic University154, University of Wisconsin-Madison155, University of Tennessee Health Science Center156, University of São Paulo157, Karolinska Institutet158, University of Rochester159, University of Auvergne160, Monash University161, University of Nebraska Medical Center162, University of Oxford163, Sabancı University164, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill165, University of Belgrade166, University of Trento167, Wenzhou Medical College168, Rutgers University169, University of California, San Diego170, Trinity College, Dublin171, Central South University172, University of Idaho173, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli174, National University of Ireland, Galway175, Case Western Reserve University176, Umeå University177, University of Graz178, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro179, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia180, Aix-Marseille University181, Newcastle University182, Autonomous University of Barcelona183, University of Basel184, National Autonomous University of Mexico185, University of Pisa186, University of Castilla–La Mancha187, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University188, Tuscia University189, University of Bologna190, University of Zurich191, Chonbuk National University192, Kaohsiung Medical University193, University of Calcutta194, University of Crete195, University of Strathclyde196, The Chinese University of Hong Kong197, Roswell Park Cancer Institute198, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology199, National Cheng Kung University200, University of Hong Kong201, Dartmouth College202, University of Alabama at Birmingham203, University of South Carolina204, University of New South Wales205, Fudan University206, University of Kentucky207, Academia Sinica208, Shanghai Jiao Tong University209, University of California, Irvine210, Dalian Medical University211, Wuhan University212, University of Kansas213, Chinese Academy of Sciences214, Chang Gung University215, Food and Drug Administration216, Zhejiang University217, National Ilan University218, Shandong University219, South China Normal University220, Tamkang University221, Tsinghua University222, University of Arizona223, Peking University224, Zhengzhou University225, Mackay Memorial Hospital226, Sun Yat-sen University227, Third Military Medical University228, University of Louisville229, University of Rennes230, Korea University231, Pennsylvania State University232, University of Chile233, National University of Singapore234, Kyung Hee University235, Konkuk University236, Catholic University of Korea237, St Mary's Hospital238, Cornell University239, Hallym University240, University of Chicago241, Institut Gustave Roussy242, University of Cincinnati243, University of Tartu244, National Chung Hsing University245, Max Planck Society246, University of Pittsburgh247, National Health Research Institutes248, Pusan National University249, Cancer Research UK250, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology251, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology252, University of Liverpool253, University of Lausanne254, University of New Mexico255, Université libre de Bruxelles256, Istituto Superiore di Sanità257, University of Bari258, University of Pavia259, Wake Forest University260, Washington State University Vancouver261, University of Seville262, University of Córdoba (Spain)263, Valparaiso University264, Medical University of South Carolina265, University of Aberdeen266, University of Southampton267, Autonomous University of Madrid268, University of Nevada, Reno269, University of Jena270, Nanjing Medical University271, Harbin Medical University272, Virginia Commonwealth University273, University of Texas at Austin274, University of Kiel275, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center276, Tulane University277, Curtin University278, Aberystwyth University279, University of Cape Town280, Complutense University of Madrid281, Texas A&M University282, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation283, University of Antwerp284, ETH Zurich285, University of Siena286, University of Melbourne287, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory288, University of La Réunion289, University of Alcalá290, Discovery Institute291, University of South Florida292, Seoul National University293, University of Edinburgh294, University of California, Davis295, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences296, University of Salento297, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine298, University of Canterbury299, University of Verona300, University of Texas at Dallas301, United States Department of Veterans Affairs302, San Diego State University303, University of Chieti-Pescara304, University of Arkansas System305, Capital Medical University306, Stellenbosch University307, Rush University Medical Center308, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati309, Lille University of Science and Technology310, Cardiff University311, McGill University312, Brandeis University313, Heidelberg University314, Medical University of Vienna315, University of Colorado Denver316, Baylor College of Medicine317, Fox Chase Cancer Center318, University of York319, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology320, Ruhr University Bochum321, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study centre322, University of Tasmania323, University of Houston324, University of Ljubljana325, University of Helsinki326, University of Southern Denmark327, La Trobe University328, King's College London329, University of Brescia330, Nanchang University331, University of Navarra332, University of León333, Mayo Clinic334, State University of Campinas335, University of Debrecen336, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul337, Gladstone Institutes338, Rockefeller University339, Babraham Institute340, University of Eastern Piedmont341, University of Nebraska–Lincoln342, Laval University343, University of Copenhagen344, University of Lyon345, Houston Methodist Hospital346, Queen's University Belfast347, Juntendo University348, Asahikawa Medical University349, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza350, University of Silesia in Katowice351, Warsaw University of Life Sciences352, United Arab Emirates University353, Al Jalila Foundation354, University of Hamburg355, University of Adelaide356, University of Dundee357, University of Geneva358, Fourth Military Medical University359, National Scientific and Technical Research Council360, All India Institute of Medical Sciences361, French Institute of Health and Medical Research362, University of California, Berkeley363, Jilin University364, University of Manitoba365, Democritus University of Thrace366, University of Ottawa367, Temple University368, VU University Amsterdam369, University of British Columbia370, University of Georgia371, New York Medical College372, Ege University373, Nankai University374, Austral University of Chile375, University of Alberta376, University of Utah377, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences378, Simon Fraser University379, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center380, University of L'Aquila381, University of Bristol382, Royal Military College of Canada383, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia384, Carlos III Health Institute385, Tongji University386, Jiangsu University387, Guangzhou Medical University388, University of Tübingen389, Francis Crick Institute390, University of Bonn391, Tokai University392, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine393, King Saud University394, Kagoshima University395, George Washington University396, Sichuan University397, Jinan University398, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research399, University of Osnabrück400, Washington State University401, Tottori University402, Kawasaki Medical School403, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases404, Inje University405, York University406, National Taiwan University407, Anhui University of Science and Technology408, University of Illinois at Chicago409, Providence Portland Medical Center410, China Agricultural University411, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center412, National Tsing Hua University413, Peking Union Medical College414, Chang Jung Christian University415, LSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport416, Albany Medical College417, University of Jyväskylä418, Chungnam National University419, University of Ulsan420, Memorial Hospital of South Bend421, Asahi University422, University of Salerno423, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology424, National University of Cordoba425, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research426, Keio University427, Oregon State University428, Nagoya University429, Chiba University430, Saitama Medical University431, Stony Brook University432, National Brain Research Centre433, Keimyung University434, Charité435, Chungbuk National University436, Polish Academy of Sciences437, Huazhong Agricultural University438, University of Newcastle439, Radboud University Nijmegen440, University of Pretoria441, Chinese Ministry of Education442, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust443, Maastricht University444, University of Eastern Finland445, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Japan446, University of Groningen447, Howard Hughes Medical Institute448, Hudson Institute of Medical Research449, Merck & Co.450, Jadavpur University451, Shanghai University452, Oregon Health & Science University453, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign454, Vanderbilt University455, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology456, Hokkaido University457, Gyeongsang National University458, Dong-a University459, Wonkwang University460, University of Miami461, University of Alabama462, University of Sheffield463, Merck KGaA464, University of Tokyo465, St. Marianna University School of Medicine466, Chung Shan Medical University467, New York Institute of Technology468, University of Münster469, Tianjin Medical University470, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute471, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens472, Nationwide Children's Hospital473, Kanazawa Medical University474, University of Toledo475, University of Luxembourg476, Tokyo University of Science477, University of Texas at San Antonio478, University of the District of Columbia479, University of South Australia480, Sapporo Medical University481, University of Virginia482, Macau University of Science and Technology483, Hong Kong Polytechnic University484, University of Nottingham485, University of California, Riverside486, Mahidol University487, China Medical University (Taiwan)488, KAIST489, Incheon National University490, Yale University491, Kansas State University492, University of Reading493, Paul Sabatier University494, Hong Kong Baptist University495, East China Normal University496, Lanzhou University497, Southern Medical University498, University of Porto499, National Sun Yat-sen University500, Taipei Medical University501, Soochow University (Suzhou)502, Xiamen University503, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute504, George Mason University505, University of Manchester506, Second Military Medical University507, Anhui Medical University508, Nanjing University509, Huazhong University of Science and Technology510, Florida International University511, University of Macau512, Xi'an Jiaotong University513, Pfizer514, City University of Hong Kong515, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis516, University of St Andrews517, University of Minho518, University of Victoria519, University of Plymouth520, Van Andel Institute521, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur522, Medical University of Graz523, University of Science and Technology of China524, Center of Advanced European Studies and Research525, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1526, Paris Descartes University527, Akita University528, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine529, Yokohama City University530, Kobe University531, Osaka Prefecture University532, Austral University533, Boston University534, Dalhousie University535, University College Cork536, Curie Institute537, University of Szeged538, State University of Norte Fluminense539, Nova Southeastern University540, CINVESTAV541, University of Innsbruck542, Royal North Shore Hospital543, University of Fribourg544, Russian Academy of Sciences545, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência546, University of Lugano547, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne548, École normale supérieure de Lyon549, University of California, Santa Barbara550, University of Exeter551, University of Costa Rica552, Roma Tre University553, Saitama University554, Saint Louis University555, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile556, University of Liège557, Tokyo Denki University558, Kyoto Sangyo University559, University of Wyoming560, Toho University561, Tokyo Institute of Technology562, University of Ferrara563, University of Aveiro564, New York Blood Center565, University of Warwick566, Hakim Sabzevari University567, Kumamoto University568, Tokushima Bunri University569, University of Washington570, Tokyo Medical and Dental University571, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center572, University of Poitiers573, Charles University in Prague574, University of Florence575, Medical College of Wisconsin576, University of Ulm577, Sanofi S.A.578, University of South Dakota579, University of Extremadura580, Central China Normal University581, Austrian Academy of Sciences582, State University of New York Upstate Medical University583, Comenius University in Bratislava584, Tufts University585, University of Cyprus586, University of Waterloo587, University of Oklahoma588, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland589, University of Düsseldorf590, University of Lorraine591, Sangamo BioSciences592, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais593, Braunschweig University of Technology594, University of Lisbon595, Boise State University596, University of Insubria597, University of Perugia598, National University of Cuyo599, Public Health England600, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences601, Ohio University602, Concordia University603, Nippon Medical School604, University of Tokushima605, Gunma University606, Pablo de Olavide University607, MedImmune608, Jawaharlal Nehru University609, University of Birmingham610, Kanazawa University611, University of Calgary612, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg613, Polytechnic University of Valencia614, Drexel University615, University of Maryland, College Park616, Capital Normal University617, University of Western Ontario618, Yamaguchi University619, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization620, University of Nagasaki621, Amorepacific622, Kyushu University623, Rzeszów University624, North Dakota State University625, Gdańsk University of Technology626, Masaryk University627, Northeastern University628, National Veterinary Institute629, Ewha Womans University630, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar631, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center632, Thammasat University633, Leiden University634, Flinders University635, Academy of Athens636, Leidos637, Edinburgh Napier University638, RWTH Aachen University639, Stockholm University640, Binghamton University641, Kolling Institute of Medical Research642, Lund University643, University of Louisiana at Monroe644, University of Grenoble645, Qingdao University646, Universiti Sains Malaysia647, University of South Alabama648, Agency for Science, Technology and Research649, Institute of Medical Science650, Hirosaki University651, Foundation for Research & Technology – Hellas652, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine653, Russian Academy654, Chulalongkorn University655, University of Limoges656, Baylor University Medical Center657, Colorado Mesa University658, Ritsumeikan University659, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine660, Central University of Venezuela661, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic662, University of Nantes663, Erasmus University Rotterdam664, University of Delaware665, Christiana Care Health System666, Ghent University667, Budapest University of Technology and Economics668, Central Michigan University669, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich670, University of Queensland671, Asia University (Taiwan)672, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital673, Fundación Instituto Leloir674, Free University of Berlin675, University of Brasília676, University of East Anglia677, Nanyang Technological University678, The Heart Research Institute679, Lancaster University680, Louisiana State University681, University of North Dakota682, Shantou University683, Singapore National Eye Center684, Geisinger Medical Center685, Hangzhou Normal University686, Northern Illinois University687, Meiji University688, University Health Network689, Hainan Medical University690, University of Central Florida691, Vancouver Prostate Centre692, Shandong Agricultural University693, Moscow State University694, Henan University of Technology695
21 Jan 2016 - Autophagy

Abstract:

In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guide... In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. For example, a key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process versus those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process including the amount and rate of cargo sequestered and degraded). In particular, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation must be differentiated from stimuli that increase autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. It is worth emphasizing here that lysosomal digestion is a stage of autophagy and evaluating its competence is a crucial part of the evaluation of autophagic flux, or complete autophagy. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. Along these lines, because of the potential for pleiotropic effects due to blocking autophagy through genetic manipulation, it is imperative to target by gene knockout or RNA interference more than one autophagy-related protein. In addition, some individual Atg proteins, or groups of proteins, are involved in other cellular pathways implying that not all Atg proteins can be used as a specific marker for an autophagic process. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field. read more read less

Topics:

MAP1LC3B (64%)64% related to the paper, Chaperone-mediated autophagy (62%)62% related to the paper, BECN1 (62%)62% related to the paper, Autophagosome maturation (62%)62% related to the paper, Sequestosome 1 (60%)60% related to the paper
View PDF
5,187 Citations
Journal Article DOI: 10.4161/AUTO.19496
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
Daniel J. Klionsky1, Fábio Camargo Abdalla2, Hagai Abeliovich3, Robert T. Abraham4, Abraham Acevedo-Arozena5, Khosrow Adeli6, Lotta Agholme7, Maria Agnello8, Patrizia Agostinis9, Julio A. Aguirre-Ghiso10, Hyung Jun Ahn11, Ouardia Ait-Mohamed12, Slimane Ait-Si-Ali12, Takahiko Akematsu13, Shizuo Akira14, Hesham M. Al-Younes15, Munir A. Al-Zeer16, Matthew L. Albert17, Roger L. Albin1, Javier Alegre-Abarrategui18, Maria Francesca Aleo19, Mehrdad Alirezaei20, Alexandru Almasan21, Maylin Almonte-Becerril22, Atsuo Amano14, Ravi K. Amaravadi23, Shoba Amarnath24, Amal O. Amer25, Nathalie Andrieu-Abadie26, Vellareddy Anantharam27, David K. Ann28, Shailendra Anoopkumar-Dukie29, Hiroshi Aoki30, Nadezda Apostolova31, Giuseppe Arancia32, John P. Aris33, Katsuhiko Asanuma34, Nana Asare35, Hisashi Ashida36, Valerie Askanas37, David S. Askew38, Patrick Auberger39, Misuzu Baba40, Steven K. Backues1, Eric H. Baehrecke41, Ben A. Bahr42, Xue Yuan Bai, Yannick Bailly43, Robert A. Baiocchi25, Giulia Baldini44, Walter Balduini45, Andrea Ballabio46, Andrea Ballabio47, Bruce A. Bamber48, Edward T. W. Bampton49, Gábor Bánhegyi50, Clinton R. Bartholomew1, Diane C. Bassham27, Robert C. Bast51, Henri Batoko52, Boon-Huat Bay53, Isabelle Beau54, Daniel Béchet55, Thomas J. Begley56, Christian Behl57, Christian Behrends58, Soumeya Bekri, Bryan H. Bellaire27, Linda J. Bendall59, Luca Benetti60, Laura Berliocchi61, Henri Bernardi62, Francesca Bernassola63, Sébastien Besteiro64, Ingrid Bhatia-Kiššová65, Xiaoning Bi66, Martine Biard-Piechaczyk64, Janice S. Blum67, Lawrence H. Boise68, Paolo Bonaldo69, David L. Boone70, Beat Bornhauser71, Karina R. Bortoluci72, Ioannis Bossis73, Frédéric Bost39, Jean-Pierre Bourquin71, Patricia Boya74, Michaël Boyer-Guittaut75, Peter V. Bozhkov76, Nathan R. Brady77, Claudio Brancolini78, Andreas Brech79, Jay E. Brenman80, Ana Brennand52, Emery H. Bresnick81, Patrick Brest82, Dave Bridges1, Molly L. Bristol83, Paul S. Brookes84, Eric J. Brown85, John H. Brumell6, Nicola Brunetti-Pierri, Ulf T. Brunk7, Dennis E. Bulman86, Scott J. Bultman80, Geert Bultynck9, Lena F. Burbulla87, Wilfried Bursch88, Jonathan P. Butchar25, Wanda Christa Buzgariu89, Sérgio Paulo Bydlowski90, Ken Cadwell10, Monika Cahova, Dongsheng Cai91, Jiyang Cai92, Qian Cai93, Bruno Calabretta94, Javier Calvo-Garrido95, Nadine Camougrand96, Michelangelo Campanella97, Jenny Campos-Salinas74, Eleonora Candi63, Lizhi Cao98, Allan Caplan99, Simon R. Carding100, Sandra M. Cardoso101, Jennifer S. Carew102, Cathleen R. Carlin103, Virginie Carmignac104, Leticia A.M. Carneiro105, Serena Carra106, Serena Carra107, Rosario Caruso108, Giorgio Casari109, Caty Casas110, Roberta Castino111, Eduardo Cebollero112, Francesco Cecconi63, Jean Celli24, Hassan Chaachouay87, Han-Jung Chae113, Chee Yin Chai114, David C. Chan115, Edmond Chan116, Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang117, Chi-Ming Che117, Ching-Chow Chen118, Guang-Chao Chen119, Guo-Qiang Chen120, Min Chen46, Quan Chen121, Quan Chen122, Steve S.-L. Chen119, Wen-Li Chen123, Xi Chen124, Xiangmei Chen, Xiequn Chen125, Ye-Guang Chen126, Yingyu Chen127, Yongqiang Chen1, Yu Jen Chen128, Zhixiang Chen129, Alan Cheng130, Christopher H.K. Cheng131, Yan Cheng132, Heesun Cheong133, Jae Ho Cheong134, Sara Cherry23, Russ Chess-Williams135, Zelda H. Cheung117, Eric Chevet96, Hui Ling Chiang132, Roberto Chiarelli8, Tomoki Chiba136, Lih-Shen Chin68, Shih Hwa Chiou137, Francis V. Chisari20, Chi Hin Cho131, Dong-Hyung Cho138, Augustine M.K. Choi139, Doo Seok Choi140, Kyeong Sook Choi141, Mary E. Choi139, Salem Chouaib142, Divaker Choubey38, Vinay Choubey143, Charleen T. Chu144, Tsung Hsien Chuang145, Sheau Huei Chueh146, Taehoon Chun147, Yong Joon Chwae141, Mee-Len Chye117, Roberto Ciarcia47, Maria Rosa Ciriolo63, Michael J. Clague148, Robert S. B. Clark144, Peter G.H. Clarke149, Robert Clarke150, Patrice Codogno54, Hilary A. Coller151, María Isabel Colombo152, Sergio Comincini153, Maria Condello32, Fabrizio Condorelli111, Mark R. Cookson24, Graham H. Coombs116, Isabelle Coppens154, Ramón Corbalán155, Pascale Cossart17, Pascale Cossart54, Paola Costelli156, Safia Costes157, Ana Coto-Montes158, Eduardo Couve159, Fraser P. Coxon160, James M. Cregg161, José L. Crespo74, Marianne J. Cronjé162, Ana Maria Cuervo91, Joseph J. Cullen163, Mark J. Czaja91, Marcello D'Amelio164, Arlette Darfeuille-Michaud, Lester M. Davids165, Faith E. Davies, Massimo De Felici63, John de Groot51, Cornelis A. M. de Haan112, Luisa De Martino47, Angelo De Milito166, Vincenzo De Tata167, Jayanta Debnath168, Alexei Degterev169, Benjamin Dehay64, Lea M.D. Delbridge170, Francesca Demarchi, Yi Zhen Deng53, Jörn Dengjel, Paul Dent83, Donna Denton171, Vojo Deretic172, Shyamal D. Desai173, Rodney J. Devenish174, Mario Di Gioacchino175, Gilbert Di Paolo176, Chiara Di Pietro177, Guillermo Díaz-Araya178, Inés Díaz-Laviada179, Maria T. Diaz-Meco180, Javier Díaz-Nido95, Ivan Dikic58, Savithramma P. Dinesh-Kumar181, Wen-Xing Ding182, Clark W. Distelhorst103, Abhinav Diwan183, Mojgan Djavaheri-Mergny96, Svetlana Dokudovskaya, Zheng Dong184, Frank C. Dorsey185, Victor E. Dosenko, James J. Dowling1, Stephen J. Doxsey41, Marlène Dreux186, Mark E. Drew25, Qiuhong Duan187, Michel A. Duchosal149, Karen Duff176, Isabelle Dugail188, Madeleine Durbeej104, Michael Duszenko87, Charles L. Edelstein189, Aimee L. Edinger190, Gustavo Egea191, Ludwig Eichinger192, N. Tony Eissa46, Suhendan Ekmekcioglu51, Wafik S. El-Deiry132, Zvulun Elazar193, Mohamed Elgendy194, Lisa M. Ellerby195, Kai Er Eng166, Anna-Mart Engelbrecht196, Simone Engelender197, Jekaterina Erenpreisa198, Ricardo Escalante95, Audrey Esclatine54, Eeva-Liisa Eskelinen199, Lucile Espert64, Virginia Espina200, Huizhou Fan93, Jia Fan201, Qi-Wen Fan168, Zhen Fan51, Shengyun Fang202, Yongqi Fang203, Manolis Fanto204, Alessandro Fanzani19, Thomas Farkas, Jean-Claude Farré205, Mathias Faure206, Marcus Fechheimer207, Carl G. Feng24, Jian Feng208, Qili Feng123, Youji Feng120, László Fésüs209, Ralph Feuer210, Maria E. Figueiredo-Pereira211, Gian Maria Fimia, Diane C. Fingar1, Steven Finkbeiner168, Toren Finkel24, Kim D. Finley210, Filomena Fiorito47, Edward A. Fisher10, Paul B. Fisher83, Marc Flajolet212, Maria L. Florez-McClure213, Salvatore Florio47, Edward A. Fon214, Francesco Fornai167, Franco Fortunato77, Rati Fotedar180, Daniel H. Fowler24, Howard S. Fox215, Rodrigo Franco216, Lisa B. Frankel217, Marc Fransen9, José M. Fuentes, Juan Fueyo51, Jun Fujii218, Kozo Fujisaki219, Eriko Fujita220, Mitsunori Fukuda221, Ruth Furukawa207, Matthias Gaestel222, Philippe Gailly52, Małgorzata Gajewska223, Brigitte Galliot89, Vincent Galy188, Subramaniam Ganesh224, Barry Ganetzky81, Ian G. Ganley225, Fen-Biao Gao41, George F. Gao, Jinming Gao226, Lorena García178, Guillermo Garcia-Manero51, Mikel Garcia-Marcos227, Marjan Garmyn9, Andrei L. Gartel228, Evelina Gatti229, Mathias Gautel204, Thomas R. Gawriluk230, Matthew E. Gegg231, Jiefei Geng139, Marc Germain86, Jason E. Gestwicki1, David A. Gewirtz83, Saeid Ghavami232, Pradipta Ghosh205, Anna Maria Giammarioli32, Alexandra Giatromanolaki233, Spencer B. Gibson232, Robert Gilkerson176, Michael L. Ginger234, Henry N. Ginsberg176, Jakub Golab235, Michael S. Goligorsky236, Pierre Golstein229, Candelaria Gomez-Manzano51, Ebru Goncu237, Céline Gongora54, Claudio Gonzalez238, Ramon Gonzalez74, Cristina González-Estévez239, Rosa A. González-Polo, Elena Gonzalez-Rey74, Nikolai V. Gorbunov240, Sharon M. Gorski241, Sandro Goruppi169, Roberta A. Gottlieb210, Devrim Gozuacik242, Giovanna Elvira Granato47, Gary Grant29, Kim N. Green190, Aleš Gregorc, Frédéric Gros43, Charles Grose163, Thomas W. Grunt, Philippe Gual39, Jun-Lin Guan1, Kun-Liang Guan205, Sylvie Guichard243, Anna S. Gukovskaya157, Ilya Gukovsky157, Jan Gunst9, Åsa B. Gustafsson205, Andrew J. Halayko232, Amber N. Hale230, Sandra K. Halonen244, Maho Hamasaki14, Feng Han124, Ting Han1, Michael K. Hancock245, Malene Hansen180, Hisashi Harada83, Masaru Harada246, Stefan E. Hardt77, J. Wade Harper139, Adrian L. Harris18, James Harris247, Steven D. Harris216, Makoto Hashimoto248, Jeffrey A. Haspel249, Jeffrey A. Haspel139, Shin Ichiro Hayashi250, Lori A. Hazelhurst251, Congcong He226, You-Wen He252, Marie-Josée Hébert253, Kim A. Heidenreich189, Miep H. Helfrich160, Gudmundur Vignir Helgason254, Elizabeth P. Henske139, Brian Herman102, Paul K. Herman25, Claudio Hetz178, Sabine Hilfiker74, Joseph A. Hill226, Lynne J. Hocking160, Paul Hofman, Thomas G. Hofmann255, Jörg Höhfeld256, Tessa L. Holyoake254, Ming Huang Hong257, David A. Hood13, Gökhan S. Hotamisligil139, Ewout J. Houwerzijl106, Maria Høyer-Hansen258, Bingren Hu202, Chien-An Andy Hu172, Hong-Ming Hu259, Ya Hua1, Canhua Huang260, Ju Huang6, Shengbing Huang261, Wei-Pang Huang118, Tobias B. Huber262, Won-Ki Huh263, Tai-Ho Hung264, Ted R. Hupp265, Gang Min Hur266, James B. Hurley267, Sabah N. A. Hussain214, Patrick J. Hussey268, Jung Jin Hwang269, Seungmin Hwang183, Atsuhiro Ichihara, Shirin Ilkhanizadeh168, Ken Inoki1, Takeshi Into270, Valentina Iovane47, Juan L. Iovanna229, Nancy Y. Ip271, Yoshitaka Isaka14, Hiroyuki Ishida221, Ciro Isidoro111, Ken-ichi Isobe272, Akiko Iwasaki273, Marta Izquierdo95, Yotaro Izumi274, Panu Jaakkola275, Marja Jäättelä, George R. Jackson276, William T. Jackson277, Bassam Janji, Marina Jendrach58, Ju Hong Jeon263, Eui-Bae Jeung278, Hong Jiang51, Hongchi Jiang279, Jean X. Jiang102, Ming Jiang92, Qing Jiang129, Xuejun Jiang133, Alberto Jiménez280, Meiyan Jin1, Shengkan Jin93, Cheol O. Joe281, Terje Johansen, Daniel Johnson144, Gail V.W. Johnson84, Nicola L. Jones6, Bertrand Joseph166, Suresh K. Joseph94, Annie M. Joubert282, Gábor Juhász283, Lucienne Juillerat-Jeanneret149, Chang Hwa Jung, Yong-Keun Jung263, Kai Kaarniranta284, Allen Kaasik143, Tomohiro Kabuta, Motoni Kadowaki30, Katarina Kågedal7, Yoshiaki Kamada285, Vitaliy O. Kaminskyy166, Harm H. Kampinga106, Hiromitsu Kanamori250, Chanhee Kang139, Khong Bee Kang, Kwang Il Kang281, Rui Kang144, Yoon-A Kang81, Tomotake Kanki218, Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti, Haruo Kanno221, Anumantha G. Kanthasamy27, Arthi Kanthasamy27, Vassiliki Karantza93, Gur P. Kaushal44, Susmita Kaushik91, Yoshinori Kawazoe36, Po-Yuan Ke119, Po-Yuan Ke264, John H. Kehrl24, Ameeta Kelekar286, Claus Kerkhoff, David Kessel287, Hany Khalil288, Jan A.K.W. Kiel106, Amy A. Kiger205, Akio Kihara289, Deok Ryong Kim290, Do Hyung Kim286, Dong Hou Kim269, Eun Kyoung Kim291, Hyung Ryong Kim292, Jae-Sung Kim33, Jeong Hun Kim263, Jin Cheon Kim269, John Kim1, Peter K. Kim6, Seong Who Kim269, Yong-Sun Kim293, Yonghyun Kim294, Adi Kimchi193, Alec C. Kimmelman139, Jason S. King254, Timothy J. Kinsella295, Vladimir Kirkin296, Lorrie A. Kirshenbaum232, Katsuhiko Kitamoto297, Kaio Kitazato298, Ludger Klein299, Walter T. Klimecki300, Jochen Klucken301, Erwin Knecht, Ben C.B. Ko131, Jan C. Koch302, Hiroshi Koga91, Jae-Young Koh269, Young Ho Koh293, Masato Koike34, Masaaki Komatsu248, Eiki Kominami34, Hee Jeong Kong303, Weijia Kong187, Viktor I. Korolchuk304, Yaichiro Kotake305, Michael I. Koukourakis233, Juan Kourí Flores22, Attila L. Kovács283, Claudine Kraft306, Dimitri Krainc139, Helmut Krämer226, Carole Kretz-Remy307, Carole Kretz-Remy206, Anna M. Krichevsky139, Guido Kroemer12, Rejko Krüger87, Oleg Krut192, Nicholas T. Ktistakis308, Chia Yi Kuan309, Roza Kucharczyk310, Ashok Kumar130, Raj Kumar311, Sharad Kumar171, Mondira Kundu, Hsing Jien Kung181, Tino Kurz7, Ho Jeong Kwon134, Albert R. La Spada312, Albert R. La Spada205, Frank Lafont313, Trond Lamark, Jacques Landry, Jon D. Lane314, Pierre Lapaquette17, Jocelyn Laporte43, Lajos László283, Sergio Lavandero178, Sergio Lavandero226, Josée N. Lavoie, Robert Layfield239, Pedro A. Lazo280, Weidong Le120, Laurent Le Cam54, Daniel J. Ledbetter230, Alvin J.X. Lee315, Byung Wan Lee134, Gyun Min Lee281, Jongdae Lee205, Ju-Hyun Lee10, Michael Lee316, Myung-Shik Lee140, Sug Hyung Lee317, Christiaan Leeuwenburgh33, Patrick Legembre318, Renaud Legouis, Michael Lehmann319, Huan Yao Lei320, Qun-Ying Lei201, David A. Leib321, José Leiro322, John J. Lemasters323, Antoinette Lemoine324, Maciej S. Lesniak70, Dina Lev51, Victor V. Levenson325, Beth Levine226, Efrat Levy10, Faqiang Li81, Jun Lin Li, Lian Li68, Sheng Li, Weijie Li, Xue-Jun Li127, Yan Bo Li279, Yi Ping Li326, Chengyu Liang37, Qiangrong Liang327, Yung Feng Liao119, Pawel P. Liberski, Andrew P. Lieberman1, Hyunjung Jade Lim328, Kah-Leong Lim53, Kyu Lim266, Chiou Feng Lin320, Fu-Cheng Lin124, Jian Lin127, Jiandie D. Lin1, Kui Lin85, Wan-Wan Lin118, Weei-Chin Lin46, Yi-Ling Lin119, Rafael Linden105, Paul Lingor302, Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz24, Michael P. Lisanti329, Michael P. Lisanti94, Paloma B. Liton252, Bo Liu260, Chun-Feng Liu330, Kaiyu Liu331, Leyuan Liu326, Qiong A. Liu332, Wei Liu24, Young Chau Liu, Yule Liu126, Richard A. Lockshin211, Chun-Nam Lok117, Sagar Lonial68, Benjamin Loos196, Gabriel Lopez-Berestein51, Carlos López-Otín158, Laura Lossi156, Michael T. Lotze144, Péter Löw283, Binfeng Lu144, Bingwei Lu333, Bo Lu94, Zhen Lu51, Frederic Luciano39, Nicholas W. Lukacs1, Anders H. Lund217, Melinda A. Lynch-Day1, Yong Ma279, Fernando Macian91, Jeffrey P. MacKeigan334, Kay F. Macleod70, Frank Madeo335, Luigi Maiuri, Maria Chiara Maiuri, Davide Malagoli107, May Christine V. Malicdan24, Walter Malorni32, Na Man336, Eva Maria Mandelkow337, Stéphen Manon96, Irena Manov197, Kai Mao1, Xiang Mao338, Zixu Mao68, Philippe Marambaud339, Daniela Marazziti177, Yves L. Marcel86, Katie Marchbank204, Piero Marchetti167, Stefan J. Marciniak340, Mateus Marcondes2, Mohsen Mardi, Gabriella Marfe63, Guillermo Mariño142, Maria Markaki341, Maria Markaki342, Mark R. Marten294, Seamus J. Martin247, Camille Martinand-Mari62, Wim Martinet343, Marta Martinez-Vicente, Matilde Masini167, Paola Matarrese32, Saburo Matsuo344, Raffaele Matteoni177, Andreas Mayer149, Nathalie M. Mazure, David J. McConkey51, Melanie J. McConnell345, Catherine McDermott135, Christine McDonald21, Gerald M. McInerney166, Sharon L. McKenna346, BethAnn McLaughlin92, Pamela J. McLean139, Christopher R. McMaster347, G. Angus McQuibban6, Alfred J. Meijer348, Miriam H. Meisler1, Alicia Meléndez211, Thomas J. Melia273, Gerry Melino49, Gerry Melino63, Maria Angeles Mena, Javier A. Menendez, Rubem F. S. Menna-Barreto349, Manoj B. Menon222, Fiona M. Menzies340, Carol A. Mercer38, Adalberto Merighi156, Diane E. Merry94, Stefania Meschini32, Christian Meyer350, Thomas F. Meyer16, Chao-Yu Miao351, Jun-Ying Miao352, Paul A.M. Michels52, Carine Michiels, Dalibor Mijaljica174, Ana Milojkovic353, Saverio Minucci194, Clelia Miracco354, Cindy K. Miranti334, Ioannis Mitroulis233, Keisuke Miyazawa355, Noboru Mizushima356, Baharia Mograbi, Simin Mohseni7, Xavier Molero110, Bertrand Mollereau186, Faustino Mollinedo280, Takashi Momoi357, Iryna Monastyrska112, Martha M. Monick163, Mervyn J. Monteiro202, Michael Moore358, Rodrigo Mora359, Kevin Moreau340, Paula I. Moreira101, Yuji Moriyasu360, Jorge Moscat180, Serge Mostowy361, Jeremy C. Mottram254, Tomasz Motyl223, Charbel Moussa150, Sylke Müller254, Sylviane Muller43, Karl Münger139, Christian Münz71, Leon Murphy362, Maureen E. Murphy363, Antonio Musarò364, Indira U. Mysorekar183, Eiichiro Nagata365, Kazuhiro Nagata366, Aimable Nahimana149, Usha Nair1, Toshiyuki Nakagawa250, Kiichi Nakahira139, Hiroyasu Nakano34, Hitoshi Nakatogawa367, Meera Nanjundan251, Naweed I. Naqvi53, Derek P. Narendra24, Masashi Narita315, Miguel Navarro74, Steffan T. Nawrocki102, Taras Y. Nazarko205, Andriy Nemchenko226, Mihai G. Netea368, Thomas P. Neufeld286, Paul A. Ney369, Ioannis P. Nezis79, Huu Phuc Nguyen87, Daotai Nie370, Ichizo Nishino, Corey Nislow6, Ralph A. Nixon10, Takeshi Noda14, Angelika A. Noegel192, Anna Nogalska37, Satoru Noguchi, Lucia Notterpek33, Ivana Novak371, Tomoyoshi Nozaki24, Tomoyoshi Nozaki136, Nobuyuki Nukina, Thorsten Nürnberger87, Beat Nyfeler362, Keisuke Obara289, Terry D. Oberley81, Salvatore Oddo102, Michinaga Ogawa297, Toya Ohashi372, Koji Okamoto14, Nancy L. Oleinick103, F. Javier Oliver74, Laura J. Olsen1, Stefan Olsson217, Onya Opota373, Timothy F. Osborne374, Gary K. Ostrander, Kinya Otsu204, Jing Hsiung James Ou37, Mireille Ouimet86, Michael Overholtzer133, Bulent Ozpolat51, Paolo Paganetti373, Ugo Pagnini47, Nicolas Pallet12, Glen E. Palmer173, Camilla Palumbo63, Tianhong Pan46, Theocharis Panaretakis166, Udai Bhan Pandey173, Zuzana Papackova, Issidora S. Papassideri375, Irmgard Paris178, Irmgard Paris376, Junsoo Park134, Ohkmae K. Park147, Jan B. Parys9, Katherine R. Parzych1, Susann Patschan302, W. Cam Patterson80, Sophie Pattingre54, John M. Pawelek273, Jianxin Peng331, David H. Perlmutter144, Ida Perrotta377, George Perry378, Shazib Pervaiz53, Matthias Peter379, Godefridus J. Peters380, Morten Petersen217, Goran Petrovski209, James M. Phang24, Mauro Piacentini63, Philippe Pierre229, Valérie Pierrefite-Carle39, Gérard Pierron142, Ronit Pinkas-Kramarski381, Antonio Piras156, Natik Piri157, Leonidas C. Platanias382, Stefanie Pöggeler302, Marc Poirot26, Angelo Poletti194, Christian Poüs, Mercedes Pozuelo-Rubio74, Mette Prætorius-Ibba25, Anil Prasad139, Mark Prescott174, Muriel Priault96, Nathalie Produit-Zengaffinen, Ann Progulske-Fox33, Tassula Proikas-Cezanne87, Serge Przedborski176, Karin Przyklenk287, Rosa Puertollano24, Julien Puyal149, Shu-Bing Qian383, Liang Qin384, Zheng-Hong Qin330, Susan E. Quaggin6, Nina Raben24, Hannah Rabinowich144, Simon W. Rabkin241, Irfan Rahman84, Abdelhaq Rami58, Georg Ramm174, Glenn Randall70, Felix Randow5, V. Ashutosh Rao385, Jeffrey C. Rathmell252, Brinda Ravikumar386, Swapan K. Ray387, Bruce H. Reed388, John C. Reed180, Fulvio Reggiori112, Anne Régnier-Vigouroux255, Anne Régnier-Vigouroux57, Andreas S. Reichert58, John J. Reiners287, Russel J. Reiter102, Jun Ren389, José L. Revuelta280, Christopher J. Rhodes70, Konstantinos Ritis233, Elizete Rizzo390, Jeffrey Robbins309, Michel Roberge241, Hernan Roca1, Maria Carmela Roccheri8, Stéphane Rocchi39, H. Peter Rodemann87, Santiago Rodríguez de Córdoba74, Bärbel Rohrer323, Igor B. Roninson387, Kirill V. Rosen347, Magdalena Rost-Roszkowska391, Mustapha Rouis188, Kasper M.A. Rouschop392, Francesca Rovetta19, Brian P. Rubin21, David C. Rubinsztein340, Klaus Ruckdeschel393, Edmund B. Rucker230, Assaf Rudich394, Emil Rudolf395, Nelson Ruiz-Opazo227, Rossella Russo377, Tor Erik Rusten79, Kevin M. Ryan254, Stefan W. Ryter139, David M. Sabatini396, Junichi Sadoshima93, Tapas Saha150, Tatsuya Saitoh14, Hiroshi Sakagami397, Yasuyoshi Sakai36, Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh, Paolo Salomoni231, Paul M. Salvaterra28, Guy S. Salvesen180, Rosa Salvioli32, Anthony Sanchez62, José Antonio Sánchez-Alcázar74, Ricardo Sánchez-Prieto398, Marco Sandri69, Uma Sankar130, Poonam Sansanwal333, Laura Santambrogio91, Shweta Saran399, Sovan Sarkar396, Minnie M. Sarwal333, Chihiro Sasakawa297, Ausra Sasnauskiene400, Miklós Sass283, Ken Sato401, Miyuki Sato401, Anthony H.V. Schapira231, Michael Scharl71, Hermann M. Schätzl389, Wiep Scheper348, Stefano Schiaffino, Claudio Schneider, Marion Schneider402, Regine Schneider-Stock301, Patricia V. Schoenlein184, Daniel F. Schorderet373, Christoph Schüller403, Gary K. Schwartz133, Luca Scorrano89, Linda Sealy92, Per Ottar Seglen79, Juan Segura-Aguilar178, Iban Seiliez404, Oleksandr Seleverstov, Christian Sell405, Jong Bok Seo, Duska Separovic287, Vijayasaradhi Setaluri81, Takao Setoguchi219, Carmine Settembre46, John J. Shacka406, Mala Shanmugam382, Irving M. Shapiro94, Eitan Shaulian3, Reuben J. Shaw407, James H. Shelhamer24, Han-Ming Shen53, Wei-Chiang Shen37, Zu-Hang Sheng24, Yang Shi277, Kenichi Shibuya, Yoshihiro Shidoji298, Jeng-Jer Shieh408, Chwen Ming Shih409, Yohta Shimada372, Shigeomi Shimizu356, Takahiro Shintani221, Orian S. Shirihai169, Gordon C. Shore214, Andriy A. Sibirny410, Andriy A. Sibirny411, Stan B. Sidhu412, Beata Sikorska, Elaine C.M. Silva-Zacarin2, Alison Simmons18, Anna Katharina Simon18, Hans-Uwe Simon413, Cristiano Simone414, Anne Simonsen79, David A. Sinclair139, Rajat Singh91, Debasish Sinha154, Frank A. Sinicrope261, Agnieszka Sirko310, Parco M. Siu415, Efthimios Sivridis233, Vojtech Skop416, Vladimir P. Skulachev417, Ruth S. Slack86, Soraya S. Smaili72, Duncan R. Smith418, Maria S. Soengas419, Thierry Soldati89, Xueqin Song420, Anil K. Sood51, Tuck Wah Soong53, Federica Sotgia94, Stephen A. Spector312, Stephen A. Spector205, Claudia Spies421, Wolfdieter Springer261, Srinivasa M. Srinivasula422, Leonidas Stefanis423, Joan S. Steffan190, Ruediger Stendel421, Harald Stenmark79, Anastasis Stephanou231, Stephan T. Stern424, Cinthya Sternberg, Björn Stork425, Peter Strålfors7, Carlos S. Subauste103, Xinbing Sui124, David Sulzer176, Jiaren Sun276, Shi-Yong Sun68, Zhi Jun Sun426, Joseph J.Y. Sung131, Kuninori Suzuki297, Toshihiko Suzuki427, Michele S. Swanson1, Charles Swanton315, Sean T. Sweeney428, Lai King Sy117, Gyorgy Szabadkai231, Ira Tabas176, Heinrich Taegtmeyer326, Marco Tafani364, Krisztina Takács-Vellai283, Yoshitaka Takano36, Kaoru Takegawa218, Genzou Takemura250, Fumihiko Takeshita429, Nicholas J. Talbot430, Kevin S. W. Tan53, Keiji Tanaka248, Kozo Tanaka221, Daolin Tang144, Dingzhong Tang122, Isei Tanida24, Bakhos A. Tannous139, Nektarios Tavernarakis341, Graham S. Taylor431, Gregory A. Taylor252, J. Paul Taylor, Ance S. Terada226, Alexei Terman166, Gianluca Tettamanti432, Karin Thevissen9, Craig B. Thompson133, Andrew Thorburn189, Michael Thumm302, Feng Feng Tian433, Yuan Tian212, Glauco P. Tocchini-Valentini177, Aviva M. Tolkovsky340, Yasuhiko Tomino34, Lars Tönges302, Sharon A. Tooze315, Cathy Tournier329, John Tower37, Roberto Towns1, Vladimir Trajkovic434, Leonardo H. Travassos105, Ting Fen Tsai137, Mario P. Tschan413, Takeshi Tsubata356, Allan Tsung144, Boris Turk, Lorianne S. Turner435, Suresh C. Tyagi130, Yasuo Uchiyama34, Takashi Ueno34, Midori Umekawa1, Rika Umemiya-Shirafuji219, Vivek K. Unni436, Maria I. Vaccaro238, Enza Maria Valente108, Enza Maria Valente437, Greet Van den Berghe9, Ida J. van der Klei106, Wouter G. van Doorn181, Linda F. van Dyk189, Marjolein van Egmond380, Leo A. van Grunsven438, Peter Vandenabeele439, Wim Vandenberghe9, Ilse Vanhorebeek9, Eva C. Vaquero191, Guillermo Velasco440, Tibor Vellai283, Jose Miguel Vicencio231, Richard D. Vierstra81, Miquel Vila110, Cécile Vindis26, Cécile Vindis54, Giampietro Viola69, Maria Teresa Viscomi, Olga V. Voitsekhovskaja441, Clarissa von Haefen421, Marcela Votruba442, Keiji Wada, Richard Wade-Martins18, Cheryl L. Walker443, Craig M. Walsh190, Jochen Walter256, Xiang Bo Wan257, Aimin Wang21, Chenguang Wang94, Dawei Wang279, Fan Wang252, Fen Wang326, Guanghui Wang330, Haichao Wang339, Hong Gang Wang132, Horng-Dar Wang444, Jin Wang46, Ke Wang1, Mei Wang53, Richard C. Wang226, Xinglong Wang103, Xuejun Wang327, Ying Jan Wang320, Yipeng Wang315, Zhen Wang384, Zhigang Charles Wang139, Zhi-Nong Wang351, Derick G. Wansink368, Diane M. Ward445, Hirotaka Watada34, Sarah Waters204, Paul Webster446, Lixin Wei351, Conrad C. Weihl183, William A. Weiss168, Scott M. Welford103, Longping Wen336, Caroline A. Whitehouse204, J. Lindsay Whitton20, Alexander J. Whitworth447, Thomas Wileman100, John W. Wiley1, Simon Wilkinson265, Dieter Willbold425, Roger L. Williams5, Peter R. Williamson24, Bradly G. Wouters6, Chenghan Wu448, Dao Cheng Wu449, William K.K. Wu131, Andreas Wyttenbach450, Ramnik J. Xavier139, Zhijun Xi127, Pu Xia59, Gengfu Xiao, Zhiping Xie121, Zhonglin Xie451, Da Zhi Xu257, Jianzhen Xu452, Liang Xu182, Xiaolei Xu261, Ai Yamamoto176, Akitsugu Yamamoto453, Shunhei Yamashina34, Michiaki Yamashita, Xianghua Yan454, Mitsuhiro Yanagida454, Dun-Sheng Yang10, Elizabeth Yang92, Jin Ming Yang132, Shi Yu Yang231, Wannian Yang455, Wei Yuan Yang119, Zhifen Yang180, Meng-Chao Yao119, Tso-Pang Yao252, Behzad Yeganeh232, Wei Lien Yen1, Jia Jing Yin279, Xiao Ming Yin67, Ook Joon Yoo281, Gyesoon Yoon141, Seung Yong Yoon269, Tomohiro Yorimitsu297, Yuko Yoshikawa456, Tamotsu Yoshimori14, Kohki Yoshimoto, Ho Jin You457, Richard J. Youle24, Anas Younes51, Li Yu126, Long Yu201, Seong-Woon Yu291, Wai Haung Yu176, Zhi-Min Yuan102, Zhenyu Yue458, Cheol-Heui Yun263, Michisuke Yuzaki274, Olga Zabirnyk24, Elaine Silva-Zacarin2, E. David Zacks1, Ldad Zacksenhaus6, Nadia Zaffaroni, Zahra Zakeri211, Herbert J. Zeh144, Scott Zeitlin459, Hong Zhang, Hui Ling Zhang330, Jianhua Zhang406, Jing Pu Zhang384, Lin Zhang144, Long Zhang460, Ming Yong Zhang122, Xudong Zhang461, Mantong Zhao1, Yi Fang Zhao426, Ying Zhao127, Zhizhuang J. Zhao451, Xiaoxiang Zheng124, Boris Zhivotovsky166, Qing Zhong462, Cong Zhao Zhou336, Changlian Zhu463, Wei-Guo Zhu127, Xiao Feng Zhu257, Xiongwei Zhu103, Yuangang Zhu, Teresa Zoladek310, Wei-Xing Zong332, Antonio Zorzano191, Jürgen Zschocke16, Brian S. Zuckerbraun144
University of Michigan1, Federal University of São Carlos2, Hebrew University of Jerusalem3, Pfizer4, Medical Research Council5, University of Toronto6, Linköping University7, University of Palermo8, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven9, New York University10, Korea Institute of Science and Technology11, University of Paris12, York University13, Osaka University14, University of Jordan15, Max Planck Society16, Pasteur Institute17, University of Oxford18, University of Brescia19, Scripps Research Institute20, Cleveland Clinic21, CINVESTAV22, University of Pennsylvania23, National Institutes of Health24, Ohio State University25, Paul Sabatier University26, Iowa State University27, City of Hope National Medical Center28, Griffith University29, Niigata University30, University of Valencia31, Istituto Superiore di Sanità32, University of Florida33, Juntendo University34, Norwegian Institute of Public Health35, Kyoto University36, University of Southern California37, University of Cincinnati38, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis39, Kogakuin University40, University of Massachusetts Medical School41, University of North Carolina at Pembroke42, University of Strasbourg43, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences44, University of Urbino45, Baylor College of Medicine46, University of Naples Federico II47, University of Toledo48, University of Leicester49, Semmelweis University50, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center51, Université catholique de Louvain52, National University of Singapore53, French Institute of Health and Medical Research54, University of Auvergne55, University at Albany, SUNY56, University of Mainz57, Goethe University Frankfurt58, University of Sydney59, Merck & Co.60, Magna Græcia University61, University of Montpellier62, University of Rome Tor Vergata63, Centre national de la recherche scientifique64, Comenius University in Bratislava65, Western University of Health Sciences66, Indiana University67, Emory University68, University of Padua69, University of Chicago70, University of Zurich71, Federal University of São Paulo72, University of Maryland, College Park73, Spanish National Research Council74, University of Franche-Comté75, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences76, Heidelberg University77, University of Udine78, University of Oslo79, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill80, University of Wisconsin-Madison81, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice82, Virginia Commonwealth University83, University of Rochester84, Genentech85, University of Ottawa86, University of Tübingen87, Medical University of Vienna88, University of Geneva89, University of São Paulo90, Yeshiva University91, Vanderbilt University92, Rutgers University93, Thomas Jefferson University94, Autonomous University of Madrid95, University of Bordeaux96, Royal Veterinary College97, Central South University98, University of Idaho99, University of East Anglia100, University of Coimbra101, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio102, Case Western Reserve University103, Lund University104, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro105, University of Groningen106, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia107, University of Messina108, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University109, Autonomous University of Barcelona110, University of Eastern Piedmont111, Utrecht University112, Chonbuk National University113, Kaohsiung Medical University114, California Institute of Technology115, University of Strathclyde116, University of Hong Kong117, National Taiwan University118, Academia Sinica119, Shanghai Jiao Tong University120, Nankai University121, Chinese Academy of Sciences122, South China Normal University123, Zhejiang University124, Fourth Military Medical University125, Tsinghua University126, Peking University127, Mackay Memorial Hospital128, Purdue University129, University of Louisville130, The Chinese University of Hong Kong131, Pennsylvania State University132, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center133, Yonsei University134, Bond University135, University of Tsukuba136, National Yang-Ming University137, Kyung Hee University138, Harvard University139, Sungkyunkwan University140, Ajou University141, Institut Gustave Roussy142, University of Tartu143, University of Pittsburgh144, National Health Research Institutes145, National Defense Medical Center146, Korea University147, University of Liverpool148, University of Lausanne149, Georgetown University150, Princeton University151, National University of Cuyo152, University of Pavia153, Johns Hopkins University154, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile155, University of Turin156, University of California, Los Angeles157, University of Oviedo158, Valparaiso University159, University of Aberdeen160, Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Sciences161, University of Johannesburg162, University of Iowa163, Università Campus Bio-Medico164, University of Cape Town165, Karolinska Institutet166, University of Pisa167, University of California, San Francisco168, Tufts University169, University of Melbourne170, University of Adelaide171, University of New Mexico172, Louisiana State University173, Monash University174, University of Chieti-Pescara175, Columbia University176, National Research Council177, University of Chile178, University of Alcalá179, Discovery Institute180, University of California, Davis181, University of Kansas182, Washington University in St. Louis183, Georgia Regents University184, Eli Lilly and Company185, École normale supérieure de Lyon186, Huazhong University of Science and Technology187, Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University188, University of Colorado Denver189, University of California, Irvine190, University of Barcelona191, University of Cologne192, Weizmann Institute of Science193, University of Milan194, Buck Institute for Research on Aging195, Stellenbosch University196, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology197, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study centre198, University of Helsinki199, George Mason University200, Fudan University201, University of Maryland, Baltimore202, Guangzhou University203, King's College London204, University of California, San Diego205, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1206, University of Georgia207, University at Buffalo208, University of Debrecen209, San Diego State University210, City University of New York211, Rockefeller University212, University of Colorado Boulder213, McGill University214, University of Nebraska Medical Center215, University of Nebraska–Lincoln216, University of Copenhagen217, Kyushu University218, Kagoshima University219, Jichi Medical University220, Tohoku University221, Hannover Medical School222, Warsaw University of Life Sciences223, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur224, University of Dundee225, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center226, Boston University227, University of Illinois at Chicago228, Aix-Marseille University229, University of Kentucky230, University College London231, University of Manitoba232, Democritus University of Thrace233, Lancaster University234, Medical University of Warsaw235, New York Medical College236, Ege University237, University of Buenos Aires238, University of Nottingham239, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences240, University of British Columbia241, Sabancı University242, AstraZeneca243, Montana State University244, Life Technologies245, University of Occupational and Environmental Health Japan246, Trinity College, Dublin247, Institute of Medical Science248, United States Department of Veterans Affairs249, Gifu University250, University of South Florida251, Duke University252, Université de Montréal253, University of Glasgow254, German Cancer Research Center255, University of Bonn256, Sun Yat-sen University257, Leo Pharma258, Providence Portland Medical Center259, Sichuan University260, Mayo Clinic261, University of Freiburg262, Seoul National University263, Chang Gung University264, University of Edinburgh265, Chungnam National University266, University of Washington267, Durham University268, University of Ulsan269, Asahi University270, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology271, Nagoya University272, Yale University273, Keio University274, University of Turku275, University of Texas Medical Branch276, Medical College of Wisconsin277, Chungbuk National University278, Harbin Medical University279, University of Salamanca280, KAIST281, University of Pretoria282, Eötvös Loránd University283, University of Eastern Finland284, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Japan285, University of Minnesota286, Wayne State University287, Menoufia University288, Hokkaido University289, Gyeongsang National University290, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology291, Wonkwang University292, Hallym University293, University of Maryland, Baltimore County294, Rhode Island Hospital295, Merck KGaA296, University of Tokyo297, Nagasaki University298, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich299, University of Arizona300, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg301, University of Göttingen302, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute303, Newcastle University304, Hiroshima University305, University of Vienna306, University of Lyon307, Babraham Institute308, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center309, Polish Academy of Sciences310, The Commonwealth Medical College311, Boston Children's Hospital312, Lille University of Science and Technology313, University of Bristol314, Cancer Research UK315, Incheon National University316, Catholic University of Korea317, University of Rennes318, University of Arkansas319, National Cheng Kung University320, Dartmouth College321, University of Santiago de Compostela322, Medical University of South Carolina323, Université Paris-Saclay324, Rush University Medical Center325, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston326, University of South Dakota327, Konkuk University328, University of Manchester329, Soochow University (Suzhou)330, Central China Normal University331, Stony Brook University332, Stanford University333, Van Andel Institute334, University of Graz335, University of Science and Technology of China336, Center of Advanced European Studies and Research337, Nanjing Agricultural University338, North Shore-LIJ Health System339, University of Cambridge340, Foundation for Research & Technology – Hellas341, University of Crete342, University of Antwerp343, Osaka Prefecture University344, Malaghan Institute of Medical Research345, University College Cork346, Dalhousie University347, University of Amsterdam348, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation349, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine350, Second Military Medical University351, Shandong University352, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine353, University of Siena354, Tokyo Medical University355, Tokyo Medical and Dental University356, International University of Health and Welfare357, Plymouth Marine Laboratory358, University of Costa Rica359, Saitama University360, Imperial College London361, Novartis362, Wistar Institute363, Sapienza University of Rome364, Tokai University365, Kyoto Sangyo University366, Tokyo Institute of Technology367, Radboud University Nijmegen368, New York Blood Center369, Southern Illinois University Carbondale370, University of Split371, Jikei University School of Medicine372, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne373, Sanford-Burnham Institute for Medical Research374, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens375, Universidad Santo Tomás376, University of Calabria377, University of Texas at San Antonio378, ETH Zurich379, VU University Amsterdam380, Tel Aviv University381, Northwestern University382, Cornell University383, Peking Union Medical College384, Food and Drug Administration385, Merck Serono386, University of South Carolina387, University of Waterloo388, University of Wyoming389, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais390, University of Silesia in Katowice391, Maastricht University392, University of Hamburg393, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev394, Charles University in Prague395, Massachusetts Institute of Technology396, Meikai University397, University of Castilla–La Mancha398, Jawaharlal Nehru University399, Vilnius University400, Gunma University401, University of Ulm402, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna403, Institut national de la recherche agronomique404, Drexel University405, University of Alabama at Birmingham406, Howard Hughes Medical Institute407, National Chung Hsing University408, Taipei Medical University409, Rzeszów University410, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine411, Royal North Shore Hospital412, University of Bern413, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research414, Hong Kong Polytechnic University415, Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague416, Moscow State University417, Mahidol University418, Carlos III Health Institute419, Hebei Medical University420, Charité421, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram422, Academy of Athens423, Science Applications International Corporation424, University of Düsseldorf425, Wuhan University426, University of the Ryukyus427, University of York428, Yokohama City University429, University of Exeter430, University of Birmingham431, University of Insubria432, Okayama University433, University of Belgrade434, Francis Marion University435, Oregon Health & Science University436, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza437, Vrije Universiteit Brussel438, Ghent University439, Complutense University of Madrid440, Russian Academy of Sciences441, Cardiff University442, Texas A&M University443, National Tsing Hua University444, University of Utah445, House Ear Institute446, University of Sheffield447, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine448, Xi'an Jiaotong University449, University of Southampton450, University of Oklahoma451, Henan University of Technology452, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology453, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology454, Geisinger Medical Center455, University of Shizuoka456, Chosun University457, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai458, University of Virginia459, Leiden University460, University of Newcastle461, University of California, Berkeley462, University of Gothenburg463
01 Apr 2012 - Autophagy

Abstract:

In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guide... In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field. read more read less

Topics:

Autophagy database (66%)66% related to the paper, Autophagy Protein 5 (63%)63% related to the paper, Autophagosome maturation (62%)62% related to the paper, MAP1LC3B (61%)61% related to the paper, Autophagosome membrane (59%)59% related to the paper
View PDF
4,316 Citations
open accessOpen access Journal Article DOI: 10.4161/AUTO.5338
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy in higher eukaryotes
Daniel J. Klionsky1, Hagai Abeliovich2, Patrizia Agostinis3, Devendra K. Agrawal4, Gjumrakch Aliev5, David S. Askew6, Misuzu Baba7, Eric H. Baehrecke8, Ben A. Bahr9, Andrea Ballabio, Bruce A. Bamber10, Diane C. Bassham11, Ettore Bergamini12, Xiaoning Bi13, Martine Biard-Piechaczyk14, Janice S. Blum15, Dale E. Bredesen16, Jeffrey L. Brodsky17, John H. Brumell18, Ulf T. Brunk19, Wilfried Bursch20, Nadine Camougrand21, Eduardo Cebollero22, Francesco Cecconi23, Yingyu Chen24, Lih-Shen Chin25, Augustine M.K. Choi26, Charleen T. Chu17, Jongkyeong Chung27, Peter G.H. Clarke28, Robert S. B. Clark17, Steven Clarke29, Corinne Clavé21, John L. Cleveland30, Patrice Codogno31, María Isabel Colombo32, Ana Coto-Montes33, James M. Cregg34, Ana Maria Cuervo35, Jayanta Debnath36, Francesca Demarchi, Patrick B. Dennis6, Phillip A. Dennis37, Vojo Deretic38, Rodney J. Devenish39, Federica Di Sano23, J. Fred Dice40, Marian DiFiglia26, Savithramma P. Dinesh-Kumar41, Clark W. Distelhorst42, Mojgan Djavaheri-Mergny31, Frank C. Dorsey30, Wulf Dröge, Michel Dron, William A. Dunn43, Michael Duszenko44, N. Tony Eissa45, Zvulun Elazar46, Audrey Esclatine31, Eeva-Liisa Eskelinen47, László Fésüs48, Kim D. Finley49, José M. Fuentes, Juan Fueyo50, Kozo Fujisaki51, Brigitte Galliot52, Fen-Biao Gao36, David A. Gewirtz53, Spencer B. Gibson54, Antje Gohla55, Alfred L. Goldberg26, Ramon Gonzalez22, Cristina González-Estévez56, Sharon M. Gorski57, Roberta A. Gottlieb58, Dieter Häussinger55, You-Wen He59, Kim A. Heidenreich60, Joseph A. Hill61, Maria Høyer-Hansen, Xun Hu62, Wei-Pang Huang63, Akiko Iwasaki41, Marja Jäättelä, William T. Jackson64, Xuejun Jiang65, Shengkan Jin66, Terje Johansen, Jae U. Jung67, Motoni Kadowaki68, Chanhee Kang61, Ameeta Kelekar69, David Kessel70, Jan A.K.W. Kiel71, Pyo Kim Hong17, Adi Kimchi46, Timothy J. Kinsella42, Kirill Kiselyov17, Katsuhiko Kitamoto72, Erwin Knecht, Masaaki Komatsu73, Eiki Kominami74, Seiji Kondo75, Attila L. Kovács76, Guido Kroemer31, Chia Yi Kuan77, Rakesh Kumar50, Mondira Kundu78, Jacques Landry79, Marianne M. Laporte80, Weidong Le81, Huan Yao Lei82, Michael J. Lenardo37, Beth Levine61, Andrew P. Lieberman1, Kah-Leong Lim, Fu-Cheng Lin62, Willisa Liou83, Leroy F. Liu66, Gabriel Lopez-Berestein75, Carlos López-Otín33, Bo Lu84, Kay F. Macleod85, Walter Malorni86, Wim Martinet87, Ken Matsuoka88, Josef Mautner, Alfred J. Meijer89, Alicia Meléndez90, Paul A.M. Michels91, Giovanni Miotto92, Wilhelm P. Mistiaen, Noboru Mizushima93, Baharia Mograbi31, Iryna Monastyrska94, Michael Moore95, Paula I. Moreira96, Yuji Moriyasu97, Tomasz Motyl98, Christian Münz99, Leon Murphy100, Naweed I. Naqvi101, Thomas P. Neufeld69, Ichizo Nishino, Ralph A. Nixon102, Takeshi Noda103, Bernd Nürnberg55, Michinaga Ogawa72, Nancy L. Oleinick42, Laura J. Olsen1, Bulent Ozpolat75, Shoshana Paglin104, Glen E. Palmer105, Issidora S. Papassideri, Miles Parkes106, David H. Perlmutter17, George Perry5, Mauro Piacentini23, Ronit Pinkas-Kramarski107, Mark Prescott39, Tassula Proikas-Cezanne44, Nina Raben37, Abdelhaq Rami108, Fulvio Reggiori94, Bärbel Rohrer109, David C. Rubinsztein106, Kevin M. Ryan110, Junichi Sadoshima66, Hiroshi Sakagami111, Yasuyoshi Sakai112, Marco Sandri92, Chihiro Sasakawa72, Miklós Sass76, Claudio Schneider, Per Ottar Seglen113, Oleksandr Seleverstov114, Jeffrey Settleman26, John J. Shacka115, Irving M. Shapiro116, Andrei A. Sibirny, Elaine C.M. Silva-Zacarin117, Hans-Uwe Simon118, Crisfiano Simone119, Anne Simonsen113, Mark A. Smith42, Katharina Spanel-Borowski120, Vickram Srinivas116, Meredith A. Steeves30, Harald Stenmark113, Per E. Stromhaug121, Carlos S. Subauste42, Seiichiro Sugimoto, David Sulzer122, Toshihiko Suzuki123, Michele S. Swanson1, Ira Tabas122, Fumihiko Takeshita124, Nicholas J. Talbot125, Zsolt Tallóczy122, Keiji Tanaka73, Kozo Tanaka126, Isei Tanida37, Graham S. Taylor127, J. Paul Taylor78, Alexei Terman19, Gianluca Tettamanti128, Craig B. Thompson78, Michael Thumm129, Aviva M. Tolkovsky106, Sharon A. Tooze110, Ray Truant130, Lesya V. Tumanovska, Yasuo Uchiyama103, Takashi Ueno74, Néstor L. Uzcátegui131, Ida J. van der Klei71, Eva C. Vaquero132, Tibor Vellai76, Michael W. Vogel133, Hong Gang Wang134, Paul Webster135, John W. Wiley1, Zhijun Xi24, Gutian Xiao17, Joachim Yahalom65, Jin Ming Yang66, George S. Yap66, Xiao Ming Yin17, Tamotsu Yoshimori103, Li Yu37, Zhenyu Yue136, Michisuke Yuzaki137, Olga Zabirnyk37, Xiaoxiang Zheng62, Xiongwei Zhu42, Russell L. Deter45
University of Michigan1, Hebrew University of Jerusalem2, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven3, Creighton University4, University of Texas at San Antonio5, University of Cincinnati6, Japan Women's University7, University of Massachusetts Medical School8, University of Connecticut9, University of Toledo10, Iowa State University11, University of Pisa12, Western University of Health Sciences13, University of Montpellier14, Indiana University15, Buck Institute for Research on Aging16, University of Pittsburgh17, University of Toronto18, Linköping University19, Medical University of Vienna20, University of Bordeaux21, Spanish National Research Council22, University of Rome Tor Vergata23, Peking University24, Emory University25, Harvard University26, KAIST27, University of Lausanne28, University of California, Los Angeles29, Scripps Research Institute30, French Institute of Health and Medical Research31, National University of Cuyo32, University of Oviedo33, Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Sciences34, Yeshiva University35, University of California, San Francisco36, National Institutes of Health37, University of New Mexico38, Monash University39, Tufts University40, Yale University41, Case Western Reserve University42, University of Florida43, University of Tübingen44, Baylor College of Medicine45, Weizmann Institute of Science46, University of Helsinki47, University of Debrecen48, Salk Institute for Biological Studies49, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center50, Kagoshima University51, University of Geneva52, Virginia Commonwealth University53, University of Manitoba54, University of Düsseldorf55, University of Nottingham56, University of British Columbia57, San Diego State University58, Duke University59, University of Colorado Denver60, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center61, Zhejiang University62, National Taiwan University63, Medical College of Wisconsin64, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center65, Rutgers University66, University of Southern California67, Niigata University68, University of Minnesota69, Wayne State University70, University of Groningen71, University of Tokyo72, Institute of Medical Science73, Juntendo University74, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston75, Eötvös Loránd University76, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center77, University of Pennsylvania78, Laval University79, Eastern Michigan University80, Shanghai Jiao Tong University81, National Cheng Kung University82, Chang Gung University83, Vanderbilt University84, University of Chicago85, Istituto Superiore di Sanità86, University of Antwerp87, Kyushu University88, University of Amsterdam89, City University of New York90, Université catholique de Louvain91, University of Padua92, Tokyo Medical and Dental University93, Utrecht University94, Plymouth Marine Laboratory95, University of Coimbra96, Saitama University97, Warsaw University of Life Sciences98, Rockefeller University99, Novartis100, National University of Singapore101, New York University102, Osaka University103, Sheba Medical Center104, Louisiana State University105, University of Cambridge106, Tel Aviv University107, Goethe University Frankfurt108, Medical University of South Carolina109, Cancer Research UK110, Meikai University111, Kyoto University112, University of Oslo113, University of Wyoming114, University of Alabama at Birmingham115, Thomas Jefferson University116, Federal University of São Carlos117, University of Bern118, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research119, Leipzig University120, University of Missouri121, Columbia University122, University of the Ryukyus123, Yokohama City University124, University of Exeter125, Tohoku University126, University of Birmingham127, University of Insubria128, University of Göttingen129, McMaster University130, Central University of Venezuela131, University of Barcelona132, University of Maryland, Baltimore133, University of South Florida134, House Ear Institute135, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai136, Keio University137
16 Feb 2008 - Autophagy

Abstract:

Research in autophagy continues to accelerate,(1) and as a result many new scientists are entering the field Accordingly, it is important to establish a standard set of criteria for monitoring macroautophagy in different organisms Recent reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose(2,3) Ther... Research in autophagy continues to accelerate,(1) and as a result many new scientists are entering the field Accordingly, it is important to establish a standard set of criteria for monitoring macroautophagy in different organisms Recent reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose(2,3) There are many useful and convenient methods that can be used to monitor macroautophagy in yeast, but relatively few in other model systems, and there is much confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure macroautophagy in higher eukaryotes A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers of autophagosomes versus those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway; thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from fully functional autophagy that includes delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi) Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of the methods that can be used by investigators who are attempting to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as by reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that investigate these processes This set of guidelines is not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to verify an autophagic response read more read less

Topics:

Autophagy database (56%)56% related to the paper, Autolysosome (53%)53% related to the paper
View PDF
2,310 Citations
open accessOpen access Journal Article DOI: 10.4161/AUTO.4600
How to Interpret LC3 Immunoblotting
Noboru Mizushima1, Tamotsu Yoshimori
29 Jun 2007 - Autophagy

Abstract:

Microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) is now widely used to monitor autophagy. One approach is to detect LC3 conversion (LC3-I to LC3-II) by immunoblot analysis because the amount of LC3-II is clearly correlated with the number of autophagosomes. However, LC3-II itself is degraded by autophagy, making interpretat... Microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) is now widely used to monitor autophagy. One approach is to detect LC3 conversion (LC3-I to LC3-II) by immunoblot analysis because the amount of LC3-II is clearly correlated with the number of autophagosomes. However, LC3-II itself is degraded by autophagy, making interpretation of the results of LC3 immunoblotting problematic. Furthermore, the amount of LC3 at a certain time point does not indicate autophagic flux, and therefore, it is important to measure the amount of LC3-II delivered to lysosomes by comparing LC3-II levels in the presence and absence of lysosomal protease inhibitors. Another problem with this method is that LC3-II tends to be much more sensitive to be detected by immunoblotting than LC3-I. Accordingly, simple comparison of LC3-I and LC3-II, or summation of LC3-I and LC3-II for ratio determinations, may not be appropriate, and rather, the amount of LC3-II can be compared between samples. read more read less
2,265 Citations
open accessOpen access Journal Article DOI: 10.4161/AUTO.4451
Dissection of the Autophagosome Maturation Process by a Novel Reporter Protein, Tandem Fluorescent-Tagged LC3
Shunsuke Kimura1, Takeshi Noda1, Tamotsu Yoshimori1
25 May 2007 - Autophagy

Abstract:

During the process of autophagy, autophagosomes undergo a maturation process consisting of multiple fusions with endosomes and lysosomes, which provide an acidic environment and digestive function to the interior of the autophagosome. Here we found that a fusion protein of monomeric red-fluorescence protein and LC3, the most ... During the process of autophagy, autophagosomes undergo a maturation process consisting of multiple fusions with endosomes and lysosomes, which provide an acidic environment and digestive function to the interior of the autophagosome. Here we found that a fusion protein of monomeric red-fluorescence protein and LC3, the most widely used marker for autophagosomes, exhibits a quite different localization pattern from that of GFP-LC3. GFP-LC3 loses fluorescence due to lysosomal acidic and degradative conditions but mRFP-LC3 does not, indicating that the latter can label the autophagic compartments both before and after fusion with lysosomes. Taking advantage of this property, we devised a novel method for dissecting the maturation process of autophagosomes. mRFP-GFP tandem fluorescent-tagged LC3 (tfLC3) showed a GFP and mRFP signal before the fusion with lysosomes, and exhibited only the mRFP signal subsequently. Using this method, we provided evidence that overexpression of a dominant negative form of Rab7 prevented the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes, suggesting that Rab7 is involved in this step. This method will be of general utility for analysis of the autophagosome maturation process. read more read less

Topics:

Autophagosome maturation (70%)70% related to the paper, Autophagosome (64%)64% related to the paper, Autophagosome membrane (63%)63% related to the paper, MAP1LC3B (58%)58% related to the paper, Autolysosome (55%)55% related to the paper
1,967 Citations
Author Pic

SciSpace is a very innovative solution to the formatting problem and existing providers, such as Mendeley or Word did not really evolve in recent years.

- Andreas Frutiger, Researcher, ETH Zurich, Institute for Biomedical Engineering

Get MS-Word and LaTeX output to any Journal within seconds
1
Choose a template
Select a template from a library of 40,000+ templates
2
Import a MS-Word file or start fresh
It takes only few seconds to import
3
View and edit your final output
SciSpace will automatically format your output to meet journal guidelines
4
Submit directly or Download
Submit to journal directly or Download in PDF, MS Word or LaTeX

(Before submission check for plagiarism via Turnitin)

clock Less than 3 minutes

What to expect from SciSpace?

Speed and accuracy over MS Word

''

With SciSpace, you do not need a word template for Autophagy.

It automatically formats your research paper to Taylor and Francis formatting guidelines and citation style.

You can download a submission ready research paper in pdf, LaTeX and docx formats.

Time comparison

Time taken to format a paper and Compliance with guidelines

Plagiarism Reports via Turnitin

SciSpace has partnered with Turnitin, the leading provider of Plagiarism Check software.

Using this service, researchers can compare submissions against more than 170 million scholarly articles, a database of 70+ billion current and archived web pages. How Turnitin Integration works?

Turnitin Stats
Publisher Logos

Freedom from formatting guidelines

One editor, 100K journal formats – world's largest collection of journal templates

With such a huge verified library, what you need is already there.

publisher-logos

Easy support from all your favorite tools

Autophagy format uses Taylor and Francis Custom Citation citation style.

Automatically format and order your citations and bibliography in a click.

SciSpace allows imports from all reference managers like Mendeley, Zotero, Endnote, Google Scholar etc.

Frequently asked questions

1. Can I write Autophagy in LaTeX?

Absolutely not! Our tool has been designed to help you focus on writing. You can write your entire paper as per the Autophagy guidelines and auto format it.

2. Do you follow the Autophagy guidelines?

Yes, the template is compliant with the Autophagy guidelines. Our experts at SciSpace ensure that. If there are any changes to the journal's guidelines, we'll change our algorithm accordingly.

3. Can I cite my article in multiple styles in Autophagy?

Of course! We support all the top citation styles, such as APA style, MLA style, Vancouver style, Harvard style, and Chicago style. For example, when you write your paper and hit autoformat, our system will automatically update your article as per the Autophagy citation style.

4. Can I use the Autophagy templates for free?

Sign up for our free trial, and you'll be able to use all our features for seven days. You'll see how helpful they are and how inexpensive they are compared to other options, Especially for Autophagy.

5. Can I use a manuscript in Autophagy that I have written in MS Word?

Yes. You can choose the right template, copy-paste the contents from the word document, and click on auto-format. Once you're done, you'll have a publish-ready paper Autophagy that you can download at the end.

6. How long does it usually take you to format my papers in Autophagy?

It only takes a matter of seconds to edit your manuscript. Besides that, our intuitive editor saves you from writing and formatting it in Autophagy.

7. Where can I find the template for the Autophagy?

It is possible to find the Word template for any journal on Google. However, why use a template when you can write your entire manuscript on SciSpace , auto format it as per Autophagy's guidelines and download the same in Word, PDF and LaTeX formats? Give us a try!.

8. Can I reformat my paper to fit the Autophagy's guidelines?

Of course! You can do this using our intuitive editor. It's very easy. If you need help, our support team is always ready to assist you.

9. Autophagy an online tool or is there a desktop version?

SciSpace's Autophagy is currently available as an online tool. We're developing a desktop version, too. You can request (or upvote) any features that you think would be helpful for you and other researchers in the "feature request" section of your account once you've signed up with us.

10. I cannot find my template in your gallery. Can you create it for me like Autophagy?

Sure. You can request any template and we'll have it setup within a few days. You can find the request box in Journal Gallery on the right side bar under the heading, "Couldn't find the format you were looking for like Autophagy?”

11. What is the output that I would get after using Autophagy?

After writing your paper autoformatting in Autophagy, you can download it in multiple formats, viz., PDF, Docx, and LaTeX.

12. Is Autophagy's impact factor high enough that I should try publishing my article there?

To be honest, the answer is no. The impact factor is one of the many elements that determine the quality of a journal. Few of these factors include review board, rejection rates, frequency of inclusion in indexes, and Eigenfactor. You need to assess all these factors before you make your final call.

13. What is Sherpa RoMEO Archiving Policy for Autophagy?

SHERPA/RoMEO Database

We extracted this data from Sherpa Romeo to help researchers understand the access level of this journal in accordance with the Sherpa Romeo Archiving Policy for Autophagy. The table below indicates the level of access a journal has as per Sherpa Romeo's archiving policy.

RoMEO Colour Archiving policy
Green Can archive pre-print and post-print or publisher's version/PDF
Blue Can archive post-print (ie final draft post-refereeing) or publisher's version/PDF
Yellow Can archive pre-print (ie pre-refereeing)
White Archiving not formally supported
FYI:
  1. Pre-prints as being the version of the paper before peer review and
  2. Post-prints as being the version of the paper after peer-review, with revisions having been made.

14. What are the most common citation types In Autophagy?

The 5 most common citation types in order of usage for Autophagy are:.

S. No. Citation Style Type
1. Author Year
2. Numbered
3. Numbered (Superscripted)
4. Author Year (Cited Pages)
5. Footnote

15. How do I submit my article to the Autophagy?

It is possible to find the Word template for any journal on Google. However, why use a template when you can write your entire manuscript on SciSpace , auto format it as per Autophagy's guidelines and download the same in Word, PDF and LaTeX formats? Give us a try!.

16. Can I download Autophagy in Endnote format?

Yes, SciSpace provides this functionality. After signing up, you would need to import your existing references from Word or Bib file to SciSpace. Then SciSpace would allow you to download your references in Autophagy Endnote style according to Elsevier guidelines.

Fast and reliable,
built for complaince.

Instant formatting to 100% publisher guidelines on - SciSpace.

Available only on desktops 🖥

No word template required

Typset automatically formats your research paper to Autophagy formatting guidelines and citation style.

Verifed journal formats

One editor, 100K journal formats.
With the largest collection of verified journal formats, what you need is already there.

Trusted by academicians

I spent hours with MS word for reformatting. It was frustrating - plain and simple. With SciSpace, I can draft my manuscripts and once it is finished I can just submit. In case, I have to submit to another journal it is really just a button click instead of an afternoon of reformatting.

Andreas Frutiger
Researcher & Ex MS Word user
Use this template